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The Supreme Court has formed a five-member committee headed by retired Justice R Subhash Reddy to examine allegations of police excesses against protesters during the July 20 protest in Delhi. The panel includes former judges, a former CBI director and a former Meghalaya DGP. #CA2026

Free Coaching for Competitive Exams Context: The Centre has proposed a nationwide free online coaching network for competitive examinations, using India’s digital public infrastructure and teaching talent, primarily to reduce the financial burden on poor and middle-class families. Significance -Democratisation of opportunity: Reduces the cost barrier and expands access beyond traditional coaching hubs, especially for small-town and rural aspirants. -Limits coaching inequality: Quality content and mock tests at no cost can reduce dependence on expensive private coaching. -Wider participation: Easier access may bring more youth into competitive examinations and government recruitment. Key Concerns -Digital divide: Unequal access to devices, internet connectivity and digital literacy can reproduce existing inequalities. -Access ≠ equal outcome: Language proficiency, academic foundation, available study time and family circumstances still affect success. -Beyond content: Aspirants also need diagnostic assessment, doubt resolution, mentoring, discipline and personalised feedback. -Employment mismatch: More aspirants for limited government vacancies may intensify competition and delay entry of youth into the workforce. -Coaching market impact: Standardised free content may put greater price pressure on small and mid-tier coaching institutes, while premium institutes may survive through personalised mentoring. Way Forward: Adopt a blended and multilingual model combining quality online content with mentoring, assessments, regional-language support and offline access for underserved areas; evaluate success through participation, completion, qualification rates and socioeconomic outcomes, rather than enrolment alone. Takeaway: Free coaching can democratise access to preparation, but a level playing field requires bridging the wider digital, educational and socioeconomic divide. #GS1mains #ESSAY

Farakka Barrage & Bihar’s Water Concerns -Core issue: Bihar argues that the Farakka water-sharing arrangement disproportionately affects downstream Bihar, making it both an inter-State federal issue and an India–Bangladesh water diplomacy issue. -Flooding & siltation: Reduced/altered flow and heavy silt deposition in the Ganga raise the riverbed, aggravating floods, bank erosion and waterlogging in Bihar; districts such as Darbhanga and Madhubani also face groundwater stress. -Ecological impact: Disturbed flow affects the Ganga’s ecological continuity, including aquatic biodiversity such as the Gangetic dolphin, and increases risks from pollutants like arsenic and fluoride. -Water-sharing concern: Bihar needs water for irrigation, drinking water and industry, but the existing arrangement leaves limited lean-season water; the article flags the need to reassess allocation in light of rising demand and climate variability. -Demographic pressure: Bihar’s population has risen sharply since the 1996 agreement, substantially increasing domestic, agricultural and livelihood water requirements. Way forward: Any renewal/revision of the Ganga Water Treaty (1996) should be based on scientific assessment of basin-wide water availability, ensure minimum ecological flow, address silt management, and formally accommodate the interests of riparian States such as Bihar. Takeaway: Transboundary river agreements must balance international commitments with federal equity, ecological sustainability and the legitimate developmental needs of riparian States. #GS1mains #BIHARspecial

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Critically explain the achievements of new economic reforms in India? [45th BPSC] What important trends have emerged in Indian agriculture as a result of the liberalization? [44th BPSC] #PYQ