UPSC GEOGRAPHY
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“This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc
No copyright material allowed.
Queries - @Upscgeographybot”
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▪︎DISTRIBUTION OF GONDWANA COAL IN INDIA.
#Economicgeography
■ WEST BENGAL
◇ First coal mine of India was opened in 1774 at Raniganj (largest coalfield of West Bengal).
◇ Raniganj coalfield is the most important coal reserve and mining coalfield of West Bengal.
◇ It stretches across Bardhman, Birbhum, Bankura and Purulia districts to the northwest of Kolkata. Small part of this field is in Jharkhand state.
◇ It is known for good quality coal with about 50 to 65 per cent carbon content.
◇ Darjeeling (Dalingkot coalfield) and Jalpaiguri are the chief producing districts.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
66 489
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66 489
Download App for Demo Classes, Test & Course Purchase: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.haward.psifc
Old Crux of Indian Economy Book Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18vJByj9Mz_LSsXOM8kN_nncxeamDEK64/view?usp=share_link
10 Economy Questions in Prelims 2023 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
https://youtu.be/99SKvlccOXQ
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66 489
Schedule of Eklavya integrated prelims and upsc test series batch. Details: click here
Note: Schedule from January to May will be shared later!
66 489
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66 489
▪︎DISTRIBUTION OF GONDWANA COAL IN INDIA.
#Economicgeography
■ CHATTISGARH
◇ Korba coalfield lies in the valley of river Hasdo (tributary of Mahanadi).
◇ Other coalfields of the state include Hasdo-Arand, Chirmiri, Jhimli, Johilla, Birampur, Lakhanpur, Sonhat, Tatapani-Ramkota, etc.
▪︎ @upsc_geography_notes
66 489
Schedule of Eklavya integrated prelims and upsc test series batch. Details: click here
Note: Schedule from January to May will be shared later!
66 489
Most recommended prelims test series by toppers!
✌️Enlight IAS test series was the most successful in prelims 2023, 2022, 2021! Click here to know
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Prelims test series: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/5843
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66 489
⚠️Mains 2023 candidates can stick to this note for this topic. Useful across all GS papers and Essay
✅Includes case studies and stats
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66 489
▪︎DISTRIBUTION OF GONDWANA COAL IN INDIA.
#Economicgeography
■ JHARKHAND
◇ Most of the coal fields in the state of Jharkhand are located in a narrow belt running in the east-west direction almost along 24 degrees north latitude.
◇ The main coal fields at Bokaro, Jharia, Deltenganj, Dhanbad, Auranga (Palamu), Giridh, Karanpura, Ramgarh, Hutar, Devgarh and Rajmahal coalfields.
◇ Jharia coalfield is one of the oldest and richest coal fields of India.
◇ It stores the best of metallurgical coal (bituminous coking coal) in the country.
◇ Bokaro coalfield lies in Hazaribagh district. It is a long but narrow strip in the catchment area of the Bokaro river.
◇ Girdih (Karharbari) coalfield gives out of the finest coking coal in India. Coking Coal Production by State.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
66 489
Download App for Demo Classes, Test & Course Purchase: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.haward.psifc
Old Crux of Indian Economy Book Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18vJByj9Mz_LSsXOM8kN_nncxeamDEK64/view?usp=share_link
10 Economy Questions in Prelims 2023 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
https://youtu.be/99SKvlccOXQ
14 Economy Questions in Prelims 2022 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
http://iasselfstudy.com/?p=32185
Join Our Telegram Channel for Economy MCQ:
https://t.me/EconomyCruxUPSC
66 489
Schedule of Eklavya integrated prelims and upsc test series batch. Details: click here
Note: Schedule from January to May will be shared later!
66 489
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✌️Enlight IAS test series was the most successful in prelims 2023, 2022, 2021! Click here to know
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Links:
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Prelims test series: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/5551
For enquiry, contact @enlightias_help or call +919540489839 website: www.enlightias.com
66 489
■ GONDWANA COAL
#Economicgeography
(formed 250 million years ago)
◇ Around 98 per cent of India's coal reserves and 99% of total coal production are from Gondwana fields.
◇ The carbon content in Gondwana coal (250 million years old) is less compared to the Carboniferous coal (350 million years old – almost absent in India) because of its much younger age.
◇ The volatile compounds and ash (~ 30%) don’t allow carbon percentage to rise above 60%. (It requires a few million years more for the quality has to get better).
◇ Gondwana coal is free from moisture, but it contains Sulphur and phosphorus.
◇ Coking as well as non-coking coal and bituminous coal are obtained from Gondwana coal fields.
◇ Anthracite is generally not found in the Gondwana coal fields.
◇ The Damuda series (i.e. Lower Gondwana) possesses the best worked coalfields accounting for 80 per cent of the total coal production in India.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
66 489
Schedule of Eklavya integrated prelims and upsc test series batch. Details: click here
Note: Schedule from January to May will be shared later!
66 489
Integrated prelims cum mains test series Recommended by toppers!
✌️Enlight IAS test series was the most successful in prelims 2023, 2022, 2021! Click here to know
621 students cleared prelims this year!
Links:
Integrated batch: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/5581
Prelims test series: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/5551
For enquiry, contact @enlightias_help or call +919540489839 website: www.enlightias.com
66 489
■ CLASSIFICATION OF COAL.
4. ANTHRACITE COAL
(Semi-metallic Lustre)
◇ Anthracite coal is the best quality, hard coal with 80 to 95 per cent carbon.
◇ It has very little moisture and volatile matter.
◇ It ignites slowly and hence there is less loss of heat (highly efficient).
◇ It burns with a short blue flame (Complete combustion ➔ Flame is blue ➔ very few pollutants).
◇ In India, it is found only in Jammu and Kashmir and that too in small quantity.
@upsc_geography_notes
66 489
Download App for Demo Classes, Test & Course Purchase: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.haward.psifc
Old Crux of Indian Economy Book Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18vJByj9Mz_LSsXOM8kN_nncxeamDEK64/view?usp=share_link
10 Economy Questions in Prelims 2023 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
https://youtu.be/99SKvlccOXQ
14 Economy Questions in Prelims 2022 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
http://iasselfstudy.com/?p=32185
Join Our Telegram Channel for Economy MCQ:
https://t.me/EconomyCruxUPSC
66 489
■ CLASSIFICATION OF COAL.
3. BITUMINOUS COAL (black coal)
◇ Bituminous Coal is soft, dense, compact coal with 40 to 80 per cent carbon.
◇ Bituminous Coal is the most widely available and used coal.
◇ It derives its name after a liquid called bitumen.
◇ Moisture and volatile content are low (15 to 40 per cent).
◇ It does not have traces of original vegetable material.
◇ Calorific value is very high due to high proportion of carbon and low moisture.
◇ It is used in the production of coke and gas.
