UPSC GEOGRAPHY
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This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc No copyright material allowed. Queries - @Upscgeographybot
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تُعد قناة UPSC GEOGRAPHY (@upsc_geography_notes_optional) في القطاع اللغوي الإنكليزية لاعباً نشطاً. يضم المجتمع حالياً 66 489 مشتركاً، محتلاً المرتبة 2 465 في فئة التعليم والمرتبة 4 961 في منطقة الهند.
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يصف المؤلف القناة بأنها مساحة للتعبير عن الآراء الذاتية:
“This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc
No copyright material allowed.
Queries - @Upscgeographybot”
بفضل وتيرة التحديث المرتفعة (أحدث البيانات بتاريخ 11 يوليو, 2026) تحافظ القناة على حداثتها ومستوى وصول مرتفع. وتُظهر التحليلات تفاعلاً نشطاً من الجمهور، ما يجعلها نقطة تأثير مهمة ضمن فئة التعليم.
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▪︎DISTRIBUTION OF GONDWANA COAL IN INDIA.
#Economicgeography
■ WEST BENGAL
◇ First coal mine of India was opened in 1774 at Raniganj (largest coalfield of West Bengal).
◇ Raniganj coalfield is the most important coal reserve and mining coalfield of West Bengal.
◇ It stretches across Bardhman, Birbhum, Bankura and Purulia districts to the northwest of Kolkata. Small part of this field is in Jharkhand state.
◇ It is known for good quality coal with about 50 to 65 per cent carbon content.
◇ Darjeeling (Dalingkot coalfield) and Jalpaiguri are the chief producing districts.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
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Download App for Demo Classes, Test & Course Purchase: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.haward.psifc
Old Crux of Indian Economy Book Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18vJByj9Mz_LSsXOM8kN_nncxeamDEK64/view?usp=share_link
10 Economy Questions in Prelims 2023 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
https://youtu.be/99SKvlccOXQ
14 Economy Questions in Prelims 2022 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
http://iasselfstudy.com/?p=32185
Join Our Telegram Channel for Economy MCQ:
https://t.me/EconomyCruxUPSC
66 489
Schedule of Eklavya integrated prelims and upsc test series batch. Details: click here
Note: Schedule from January to May will be shared later!
66 489
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✌️Enlight IAS test series was the most successful in prelims 2023, 2022, 2021! Click here to know
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▪︎DISTRIBUTION OF GONDWANA COAL IN INDIA.
#Economicgeography
■ CHATTISGARH
◇ Korba coalfield lies in the valley of river Hasdo (tributary of Mahanadi).
◇ Other coalfields of the state include Hasdo-Arand, Chirmiri, Jhimli, Johilla, Birampur, Lakhanpur, Sonhat, Tatapani-Ramkota, etc.
▪︎ @upsc_geography_notes
66 489
Schedule of Eklavya integrated prelims and upsc test series batch. Details: click here
Note: Schedule from January to May will be shared later!
66 489
Most recommended prelims test series by toppers!
✌️Enlight IAS test series was the most successful in prelims 2023, 2022, 2021! Click here to know
621 students cleared prelims this year!
Links:
Prelims test series: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/5843
Integrated batch: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/5581
For enquiry, contact @enlightias_help or call +919540489839 website: www.enlightias.com
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⚠️Mains 2023 candidates can stick to this note for this topic. Useful across all GS papers and Essay
✅Includes case studies and stats
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66 489
▪︎DISTRIBUTION OF GONDWANA COAL IN INDIA.
#Economicgeography
■ JHARKHAND
◇ Most of the coal fields in the state of Jharkhand are located in a narrow belt running in the east-west direction almost along 24 degrees north latitude.
◇ The main coal fields at Bokaro, Jharia, Deltenganj, Dhanbad, Auranga (Palamu), Giridh, Karanpura, Ramgarh, Hutar, Devgarh and Rajmahal coalfields.
◇ Jharia coalfield is one of the oldest and richest coal fields of India.
◇ It stores the best of metallurgical coal (bituminous coking coal) in the country.
◇ Bokaro coalfield lies in Hazaribagh district. It is a long but narrow strip in the catchment area of the Bokaro river.
◇ Girdih (Karharbari) coalfield gives out of the finest coking coal in India. Coking Coal Production by State.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
66 489
Download App for Demo Classes, Test & Course Purchase: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.haward.psifc
Old Crux of Indian Economy Book Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18vJByj9Mz_LSsXOM8kN_nncxeamDEK64/view?usp=share_link
10 Economy Questions in Prelims 2023 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
https://youtu.be/99SKvlccOXQ
14 Economy Questions in Prelims 2022 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
http://iasselfstudy.com/?p=32185
Join Our Telegram Channel for Economy MCQ:
https://t.me/EconomyCruxUPSC
66 489
Schedule of Eklavya integrated prelims and upsc test series batch. Details: click here
Note: Schedule from January to May will be shared later!
66 489
Integrated prelims cum mains test series Recommended by toppers!
✌️Enlight IAS test series was the most successful in prelims 2023, 2022, 2021! Click here to know
621 students cleared prelims this year!
Links:
Integrated batch: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/5581
Prelims test series: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/5551
For enquiry, contact @enlightias_help or call +919540489839 website: www.enlightias.com
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■ GONDWANA COAL
#Economicgeography
(formed 250 million years ago)
◇ Around 98 per cent of India's coal reserves and 99% of total coal production are from Gondwana fields.
◇ The carbon content in Gondwana coal (250 million years old) is less compared to the Carboniferous coal (350 million years old – almost absent in India) because of its much younger age.
◇ The volatile compounds and ash (~ 30%) don’t allow carbon percentage to rise above 60%. (It requires a few million years more for the quality has to get better).
◇ Gondwana coal is free from moisture, but it contains Sulphur and phosphorus.
◇ Coking as well as non-coking coal and bituminous coal are obtained from Gondwana coal fields.
◇ Anthracite is generally not found in the Gondwana coal fields.
◇ The Damuda series (i.e. Lower Gondwana) possesses the best worked coalfields accounting for 80 per cent of the total coal production in India.
▪︎@upsc_geography_notes
66 489
Schedule of Eklavya integrated prelims and upsc test series batch. Details: click here
Note: Schedule from January to May will be shared later!
66 489
Integrated prelims cum mains test series Recommended by toppers!
✌️Enlight IAS test series was the most successful in prelims 2023, 2022, 2021! Click here to know
621 students cleared prelims this year!
Links:
Integrated batch: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/5581
Prelims test series: https://t.me/EnlightIAS8_official/5551
For enquiry, contact @enlightias_help or call +919540489839 website: www.enlightias.com
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■ CLASSIFICATION OF COAL.
4. ANTHRACITE COAL
(Semi-metallic Lustre)
◇ Anthracite coal is the best quality, hard coal with 80 to 95 per cent carbon.
◇ It has very little moisture and volatile matter.
◇ It ignites slowly and hence there is less loss of heat (highly efficient).
◇ It burns with a short blue flame (Complete combustion ➔ Flame is blue ➔ very few pollutants).
◇ In India, it is found only in Jammu and Kashmir and that too in small quantity.
@upsc_geography_notes
66 489
Download App for Demo Classes, Test & Course Purchase: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.haward.psifc
Old Crux of Indian Economy Book Link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18vJByj9Mz_LSsXOM8kN_nncxeamDEK64/view?usp=share_link
10 Economy Questions in Prelims 2023 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
https://youtu.be/99SKvlccOXQ
14 Economy Questions in Prelims 2022 exam came from our Crux book- Proof:
http://iasselfstudy.com/?p=32185
Join Our Telegram Channel for Economy MCQ:
https://t.me/EconomyCruxUPSC
66 489
■ CLASSIFICATION OF COAL.
3. BITUMINOUS COAL (black coal)
◇ Bituminous Coal is soft, dense, compact coal with 40 to 80 per cent carbon.
◇ Bituminous Coal is the most widely available and used coal.
◇ It derives its name after a liquid called bitumen.
◇ Moisture and volatile content are low (15 to 40 per cent).
◇ It does not have traces of original vegetable material.
◇ Calorific value is very high due to high proportion of carbon and low moisture.
◇ It is used in the production of coke and gas.
