Mppsc current affairs

🔆 Fordow Nuclear Facility (Iran)       Current Affairs 📍 What is Fordow? ✅ Iran’s most heavily fortified underground uranium enrichment facility ✅ Central to Iran’s potential nuclear weapons capability 📍 Location ✅ Near Qom, southwest of Tehran ✅ Buried ~80 metres deep inside a mountain 📍 Structural Features ✅ Deep underground construction (rock, soil & reinforced concrete) ✅ Multi-layered air defence systems (Iranian + Russian) ✅ Designed to withstand conventional airstrikes 📍 Operational Status ✅ Operational since 2009 (confirmed by IAEA) 📍 Why is it Significant? ✅ Uranium enrichment up to 60% (close to weapons-grade ~90%) ✅ Critical to Iran’s nuclear breakout potential ✅ Seen as a symbol of resistance to Western nuclear oversight ✅ Back in focus amid Israel–Iran tensions ✅ Reports suggest only the US GBU-57 bunker-buster could damage it 📌 Why in News? ✅ Rising regional tensions ✅ Renewed debate on military limits vs nuclear deterrence #GS2 #GS3 #Places_in_news Join https://t.me/Mapping_prelims_mains

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Consider the following statements regarding Exercise AJEYA WARRIOR: 1. It is a Joint Military Exercise between India and U.K. 2. It is held on biennially basis. 3. The 2025 edition of exercise is being hosted by India.

🔆 Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (LRGR) 📍 Why in News: ✅ DRDO successfully conducted the maiden flight test of Pinaka LRGR (120 km) at Integrated Test Range, Chandipur on 29 Dec 2025. 📍 Key Highlights: ✅ Range: 120 km (long-range guided variant of Pinaka) ✅ Precision: Hit target with textbook accuracy ✅ Performance: All in-flight manoeuvres validated ✅ Launcher: Fired from in-service Pinaka launcher (multi-range capability) 📍 Development & Agencies: ✅ Designed by ARDE ✅ Support from HEMRL, DRDL & RCI ✅ Trial coordinated by ITR & PXE 📍 Why it Matters: ✅ Enhances long-range precision strike capability ✅ Boosts indigenisation & force multipliers for Army ✅ Strengthens Atmanirbhar Bharat in defence 🔆 Mains Question 📍 How does the induction of long-range guided artillery rockets like Pinaka LRGR enhance India’s conventional deterrence and operational flexibility? (10/15) 🔚 Bottom Line: Pinaka LRGR marks a decisive leap from area saturation to precision-guided artillery, reinforcing India’s battlefield depth and self-reliance. #GS2 #InternalSecurity #security https://t.me/internal_security_upsc_MAINS https://t.me/upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial

🔆 INS Vaghsheer – Kalvari Class Submarine 📍 In News ✅ The President of India, Smt. Droupadi Murmu, undertook a dived sortie onboard INS Vaghsheer on the Western Seaboard. 📍 About INS Vaghsheer ✅ Sixth & final Kalvari-class (Scorpene-class) diesel-electric attack submarine ✅ Built by: Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd (MDL), Mumbai ✅ Project: Project–75 with technology transfer from France’s Naval Group ✅ Name origin: Named after Vagsheer (sand fish), a deep-sea predator ✅ Earlier INS Vagsheer: Russian-built, commissioned in 1974, decommissioned in 1997 📍 Specifications ✅ Crew: 8 officers + 35 sailors ✅ Length: 67.5 m | Height: 12.3 m | Beam: 6.2 m ✅ Speed: ▪️ 20 knots (submerged) ▪️ 11 knots (surface) 📍 Operational Capabilities ✅ Designed for sea denial & access denial warfare ✅ Roles include: ▪️ Anti-surface warfare ▪️ Anti-submarine warfare ▪️ Intelligence gathering ▪️ Mine laying & surveillance ✅ Armament: ▪️ C303 anti-torpedo countermeasure system ▪️ Up to 18 torpedoes or Exocet anti-ship missiles ▪️ 30 naval mines (in place of torpedoes) 📍 About Project–75 ✅ Indigenous submarine construction programme approved in 1999 ✅ Executed by MDL, Mumbai ✅ Submarines commissioned: ▪️ INS Kalvari ▪️ INS Khanderi ▪️ INS Karanj ▪️ INS Vela ▪️ INS Vagir ▪️ INS Vaghsheer ✅ INS Vaghsheer commissioned: 15 January 2025 📌 INS Vaghsheer strengthens India’s undersea combat capability and marks completion of Project–75. #GS3 #prelims #security #science_technology #science_and_technology Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology

GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP & National Income Accounting | Economy Basics https://youtube.com/watch?v=RVWkxfacCJE&si=xhlR8hOXE4mnR0iO

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🔆 Dulhasti Stage-II Hydropower Project 📍 What’s the news? ✅ Union Environment Ministry cleared 260 MW Dulhasti Stage-II on Chenab River in J&K 📍 About Dulhasti Stage-II ✅ Uses surplus water diverted from Marusudar River ✅ Water routed via Pakal Dul project ✅ Enhances hydropower utilisation in Chenab basin 📍 Chenab Basin – Hydropower Status ✅ Operational: Dulhasti-I (Kishtwar), Baglihar (Ramban), Salal (Reasi) ✅ Under construction: Ratle (850 MW), Kiru (624 MW), Kwar (540 MW) 📍 About Chenab River ✅ Origin: Confluence of Chandra & Bhaga (Himachal Pradesh) ✅ Flows through J&K between Siwalik Range & Lesser Himalayas ✅ Major Indus tributary; joins Sutlej after Pakistan stretch #places_in_news https://t.me/Mapping_prelims_mains

🔆 Nigeria (Capital: Abuja) 📍 Why in News ✅ The US launched powerful strikes against Islamic State targets in Nigeria amid rising terror activities in West Africa. 📍 Political Features ✅ Location: West Africa ✅ Neighbouring countries: ✔️ Niger (North) ✔️ Chad & Cameroon (East) ✔️ Benin (West) ✅ Maritime boundary: Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) 📍 Geographical Features ✅ Vegetation: Savanna ✅ Physiographic zone: Part of the Sahel region (semi-arid transition between Sahara & Savanna) ✅ Major rivers: Niger, Benue, Kaduna ✅ Lake Chad: ✔️ Freshwater lake ✔️ Shared by Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon & Niger ✅ Major mountains: Chappal Waddi (highest peak). #places_in_news https://t.me/Mapping_prelims_mains

🔆 ISRO launches largest commercial communication satellite 📍 Key facts ✅ BlueBird Block-2 placed in LEO ✅ Launched by LVM3 (Bahubali) from Sriharikota ✅ 6,100 kg → heaviest commercial payload by ISRO ✅ First dedicated U.S. commercial launch ✅ Enables direct satellite broadband to smartphones 📌 UPSC Mains (GS-III) How does ISRO’s growing commercial launch capability strengthen India’s space economy and strategic autonomy? #GS3 #prelims #science_technology #science_and_technology Join https://t.me/PIB_UPSC https://t.me/upsc_science_and_technology

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🔆 Curbing Elephant Deaths on Railway Tracks ✅ Train hits = leading cause of elephant deaths in India ✅ Hotspots: Night-time, migration & crop-raiding seasons ✅ Infra fix: Wildlife underpasses/overpasses + fencing (can cut deaths by ~98%) ✅ Tech fix: AI-based early warning systems, infrared cameras, ground sensors 🎯 Best results come from infra + technology + habitat planning 📍 Mains Question 📝 Why do linear infrastructure projects increase wildlife mortality in India? Suggest mitigation measures. #GS3 #Environment https://t.me/Upsc_4_environment

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Prelims

Subject wise MCQ UPSC Upsc economy - https://t.me/prelims_economy_mcqs/11813 Polity - https://t.me/Upsc_Prelims_Polity_Mcqs/7 Mapping - https://t.me/Geography_mapping_MCQ/12711 History - https://t.me/upsc_prelims_history_mcq/15