Mppsc current affairs

🔆 Place in News: Scarborough Shoal 📍 Why in News? China has deployed ships near Scarborough Shoal to block access in the disputed South China Sea region, escalating tensions with the Philippines. 📍 About Scarborough Shoal ▪️ Scarborough Shoal is a disputed atoll in the South China Sea claimed by both: ✅ China ✅ Philippines ▪️ It lies west of the Philippine island of Luzon and is known in: ✅ China as Huangyan Dao ✅ Philippines as Bajo de Masinloc or Panatag Shoal 📍 Key Features ▪️ It is a triangular chain of reefs and rocks enclosing a shallow lagoon. ▪️ Though mostly submerged, several rocks remain above water during high tide. ▪️ It is located in the northeastern part of the South China Sea. 📍 Strategic Importance ✅ Situated along major international sea lanes carrying a large share of global trade. ✅ Rich fishing grounds make it economically important. ✅ The surrounding seabed is believed to contain oil and natural gas reserves. ✅ Control over the shoal strengthens strategic influence in the South China Sea. 📍 Background of the Dispute ▪️ China claims the shoal under its “Nine-Dash Line” claim in the South China Sea. ▪️ The Philippines claims it lies within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). ▪️ In 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruled in favour of the Philippines and rejected China’s expansive claims in the South China Sea. China, however, did not accept the ruling. 📍 Other Disputed Areas in the South China Sea ✅ Paracel Islands ✅ Spratly Islands #GS2 #InternationalRelations #places_in_news

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Indian Elephant

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✅ Aim: train cadets in cyber awareness, digital hygiene and cyber defence skills ✅ Supports Digital India and National Skills Qualification Framework 🔆 STATES 📍 Gaganyaan Mission ✅ India’s human spaceflight programme led by ISRO ✅ Aim: send Indian astronauts to Low Earth Orbit and bring them back safely ✅ India will become 4th country after US, Russia and China to send humans into space ✅ ISRO also plans to build India’s own space station by 2028 🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS 📍 107th Anniversary of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre ✅ Nation observes 107th anniversary of Jallianwala Bagh Massacre on 13 April ✅ British troops fired on unarmed civilians gathered in Amritsar in 1919 ✅ Incident occurred in backdrop of the Rowlatt Act, 1919 ✅ Rowlatt Act allowed arrest without trial and detention up to 2 years 📍 136th Birth Anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar ✅ Nation celebrates 136th birth anniversary of B. R. Ambedkar on 14 April ✅ Born on 14 April 1891 ✅ Known as chief architect of Indian Constitution ✅ Awarded Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1990 📍 Siachen Day ✅ Siachen Day observed on 13 April ✅ Marks launch of Operation Meghdoot in 1984 ✅ Indian Army and Indian Air Force pay tribute to soldiers guarding Siachen Glacier, the world’s highest battlefield 🔆 SPORTS 📍 Sawan Barwal Breaks 47-Year-Old Marathon Record ✅ Sawan Barwal breaks India’s oldest national athletics record at Rotterdam Marathon 2026 ✅ Timing: 2:11:58 ✅ Breaks 47-year-old record of Shivnath Singh set in 1978 ✅ Sawan Barwal finished 20th in his debut marathon #CurrentAffairs

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 14 APRIL 2026 🔆 INTERNATIONAL 📍 UK Pauses Transfer of Chagos Islands ✅ United Kingdom pauses plan to transfer sovereignty of Chagos Islands to Mauritius ✅ Decision taken after opposition from United States ✅ US President Donald Trump criticised transfer, citing strategic concerns 📍 About Chagos Islands ✅ Located in central Indian Ocean, south of Maldives ✅ Includes strategically important island Diego Garcia ✅ Diego Garcia hosts major joint UK–US military base ✅ Under proposed 2025 deal, UK would lease Diego Garcia back for 99 years after transfer to Mauritius 📍 ICJ Advisory Opinion ✅ International Court of Justice in 2019 asked UK to unconditionally withdraw from Chagos Islands and supported Mauritius’ claim 🔆 NATIONAL 📍 Project Cheetah Achieves Major Milestone ✅ Female cheetah Nirva gives birth to 4 cubs at Kuno National Park ✅ These are first successful “Made in India” cheetah cubs under Project Cheetah ✅ Nirva was among cheetahs brought from Africa 📍 About Project Cheetah ✅ Launched in 2022 ✅ World’s first intercontinental large wild carnivore translocation project ✅ Works under Project Tiger 📍 Cheetah Imports So Far ✅ 8 cheetahs from Namibia in 2022 ✅ 12 cheetahs from South Africa in 2023 ✅ 9 cheetahs from Botswana in 2026 ✅ All released in Kuno National Park, Madhya Pradesh ✅ Implemented by National Tiger Conservation Authority under Ministry of Environment 📍 Supreme Court Clarifies Right to Vote ✅ Supreme Court of India rules that right to vote and right to contest elections are not Fundamental Rights ✅ They are statutory rights created by laws of Parliament and State Legislatures ✅ Judgment delivered in case related to cooperative society elections in Rajasthan 📍 Key Points ✅ Right to vote allows participation in elections ✅ Right to contest can be restricted through eligibility conditions ✅ Neither is included under Part III of Constitution 📍 Patent Filings Rise to Historic High ✅ India records 1,43,729 patent applications in FY 2025–26 ✅ Increase of 30.2% over previous year ✅ India becomes world’s 6th largest patent filer ✅ More than 69% applications filed by domestic applicants 📍 Leading States ✅ Tamil Nadu ✅ Karnataka ✅ Maharashtra 📍 Patent Validity ✅ Patent: 20 years ✅ Trademark: 10 years ✅ Design: 10 years + extendable by 5 years ✅ Copyright: Lifetime of author + 60 years 📍 Retail Inflation Rises to 13-Month High ✅ India’s retail inflation rises to 3.4% in March 2026 from 3.2% in February ✅ Highest level in 13 months ✅ Main reasons: ➡ Rise in LPG prices ➡ Increase in vegetable prices ➡ West Asia conflict raising energy costs ✅ Food inflation rises to 3.87% in March from 3.47% in February 📍 Startup India Fund of Funds 2.0 Notified ✅ Government notifies Startup India Fund of Funds 2.0 with corpus of ₹10,000 crore ✅ Aim: boost capital flow to startups through Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) ✅ Priority sectors include deep tech, AI, robotics and advanced technologies ✅ Implemented by Small Industries Development Bank of India ✅ Guidelines issued by DPIIT 📍 e-SafeHER Cyber Security Programme ✅ Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Hyderabad and Reliance Foundation launch e-SafeHER programme ✅ Target: 1 million rural women ✅ Objective: promote cyber awareness and safe digital practices 📍 Key Feature ✅ Women will be trained as “Cyber Sakhis” ✅ Target: 1 million Cyber Sakhis by 2029 🔆 DEFENCE 📍 Indian Army Launches ‘Samudra Sahas’ ✅ Indian Army flags off its first blue-water sailing expedition “Samudra Sahas” from Marve ✅ Expedition is part of Regiment of Artillery bicentenary celebrations 📍 Expedition Details ✅ Total distance: 520 nautical miles ✅ Route: Mumbai → Vijaydurg → Goa → Mumbai ✅ Conducted in 4 legs using 21-foot Seabird class sailing boats ✅ Supported by Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard 📍 NCC Launches Cyber Security Capacity Programme ✅ National Cadet Corps partners with National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology ✅ Launches nationwide Cyber Security Capacity Building Programme for NCC cadets

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🔆 Great Nicobar Project: Tourism, Trade and the Need for Consensus 📍 Why in News? ✅ The Union government’s ₹92,000-crore mega project for holistic development of Great Nicobar Island has gained momentum. ✅ The administration has released a draft master plan for the island’s future development. 📍 What Does the Project Propose? ✅ Development of an International Container Trans-shipment Port (ICTP) ✅ Construction of an airport, power plant and supporting infrastructure ✅ Development of tourism facilities, including: ✅ Seaside tourism ✅ Adventure and biodiversity tourism ✅ Family entertainment and amusement parks ✅ Social infrastructure such as healthcare, education and housing 📍 Why Is Great Nicobar Strategically Important? ✅ Great Nicobar lies near the western entrance to the Strait of Malacca, one of the world’s busiest shipping routes. ✅ The planned ICTP is expected to help India: ✅ Increase its share in global sea trade ✅ Strengthen maritime presence in the Indo-Pacific ✅ Enhance trade and logistics connectivity 📍 Economic Potential ✅ The draft plan expects: ✅ Population to rise to over 3.36 lakh by 2055 ✅ Tourist inflow to reach 1 million annually ✅ More than 70% of direct jobs to come from tourism and related sectors 📍 Concerns Raised ✅ The project may significantly alter the fragile ecology of Great Nicobar Island. ✅ Concerns include: ✅ Destruction of forests and biodiversity ✅ Pressure on protected coastal ecosystems ✅ Large-scale demographic changes on the island 📍 Impact on Indigenous Communities ✅ The island is home to indigenous tribal groups such as: ✅ Nicobarese ✅ Shompen ✅ These communities fear displacement and loss of traditional rights. ✅ A separate proposal to relocate local Nicobarese settlements has intensified concerns. 📍 Legal and Environmental Issues ✅ The project has faced opposition since 2022. ✅ A challenge to its environmental clearance is pending before the Calcutta High Court. ✅ Although the National Green Tribunal accepted the project’s “strategic importance”, it also highlighted environmental concerns. 📍 Why Consensus Is Necessary ✅ The article argues that the project cannot succeed through a top-down approach alone. ✅ Given the project’s irreversible effects on: ✅ Demography ✅ Ecology ✅ Tribal rights ✅ The government must build broad consensus before proceeding. 📍 Way Forward ✅ Ensure transparent and meaningful consultation with local communities ✅ Protect the rights of indigenous tribes through legal safeguards ✅ Conduct rigorous environmental impact assessments ✅ Balance strategic and economic goals with ecological sustainability ✅ Proceed gradually, only after wider social and political consensus emerges 🔆 Mains Question “The Great Nicobar project reflects the tension between strategic development and ecological justice.” Discuss. #GS2 #Governance #GS3 #Environment

✅ Annual India–Uzbekistan military exercise will continue till 25 April 2026 📍 Indian Navy Commanders’ Conference 2026 ✅ Indian Navy to host first edition of Commanders’ Conference in New Delhi ✅ Focus areas: ➡ Operational readiness ➡ Maritime security strategy ➡ National maritime interests 🔆 STATES 📍 ‘Nila’ Robot Welcomes Voters in Puducherry ✅ Puducherry Election Commission deploys humanoid robot “Nila” at polling booth ✅ First time a robot is being used in an Assembly election in India ✅ Robot wore a traditional saree and was developed by Robo Mirror to attract young and first-time voters 🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS 📍 National Safe Motherhood Day — 11 April ✅ Theme 2026: “Equity in Maternal Healthcare: Leaving No Mother Behind” ✅ Focus on equal access to healthcare for all women irrespective of socio-economic background 🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 📍 India Develops 3D-Printed Mars Radiation Shield ✅ AAKA Space Studio develops Asia’s first 3D-printed radiation shield for Mars habitats ✅ Shield tested in an analog space mission ✅ Designed to protect astronauts from cosmic and solar radiation on Mars 📍 NASA Completes Artemis II Mission ✅ National Aeronautics and Space Administration successfully completes Artemis II crew return mission ✅ Orion spacecraft splashed down in Pacific Ocean on 11 April ✅ First crewed Moon mission in more than 50 years ✅ Crew included: ➡ Reid Wiseman ➡ Victor Glover ➡ Christina Koch ➡ Jeremy Hansen 🔆 SPORTS 📍 Monte-Carlo Masters 2026 ✅ Jannik Sinner defeats Carlos Alcaraz to win Monte-Carlo Masters 2026 ✅ Score: 7–6, 6–3 ✅ Jannik Sinner returns to World No. 1 ranking 📍 Asian Wrestling Championships 2026 ✅ India concludes campaign with 17 medals at Asian Wrestling Championships in Bishkek ✅ Medal tally: 2 Gold, 7 Silver, 8 Bronze 📍 Final Day Highlights ✅ Aman Sehrawat wins silver in 61 kg freestyle ✅ Mukul Dahiya wins silver in 86 kg freestyle ✅ Dinesh wins bronze in 125 kg category #CurrentAffairs

🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 13 APRIL 2026 🔆 BANKING & FINANCE 📍 10 Years of UPI ✅ National Payments Corporation of India developed UPI in 2016; regulated by Reserve Bank of India ✅ UPI enables instant 24×7 transfer through mobile number, QR code or UPI ID 📍 Recent UPI Innovations ✅ Reserve Pay: AI-powered autonomous payments ✅ Biometric Authentication: Face ID / fingerprint-based payments up to ₹5,000 ✅ UPI Circle: Delegated payments for minors and senior citizens ✅ Credit Line on UPI (CLOU): Micro-credit access through UPI ✅ Hello UPI: Voice-based UPI payments ✅ BillPay Connect: Chat-based bill payments ✅ UPI Tap & Pay: NFC-enabled payments ✅ UPI Lite X: Offline wallet using NFC ✅ UPI-enabled ATM cash withdrawal without card 📍 UPI Global Reach ✅ UPI now operational in: ➡ United Arab Emirates ➡ Singapore ➡ Bhutan ➡ Nepal ➡ Sri Lanka ➡ France ➡ Mauritius ➡ Qatar ✅ IMF and World Bank describe UPI as a global model for digital payments 🔆 INTERNATIONAL 📍 Seattle Installs Swami Vivekananda Statue ✅ Seattle becomes the first US city government to install a life-size statue of Swami Vivekananda ✅ Statue installed at Westlake Square Park in downtown Seattle ✅ Symbolises India–US cultural ties and India’s spiritual heritage 📍 IMF–World Bank Spring Meetings 2026 ✅ Finance ministers and central bank governors from 191 countries to attend Spring Meetings in Washington DC from 13–18 April ✅ Theme: “Building prosperity through policy” ✅ Key issues: global growth, financial stability and poverty reduction ✅ World Bank also approved: ➡ $830 million loan to modernise India’s ITIs ➡ Projects in Assam for roads, education and governance ➡ $280 million programme for Kerala’s digital health system 🔆 NATIONAL 📍 Indian Railways Approves 100 Expansion Projects ✅ Indian Railways approves 100 projects in 2025–26 under PM Gati Shakti ✅ Total investment: ₹1.53 lakh crore ✅ Total route coverage: 6,000+ km 📍 Key Works ✅ New railway lines ✅ Doubling and multitracking ✅ Other infrastructure works ✅ Project approvals increased by 56% compared to last year 📍 India Ranks 4th in Global Tech Funding ✅ According to Tracxn, India raised $11.7 billion in startup funding in FY26 ✅ India ranked 4th globally after the US, UK and China 📍 Key Highlights ✅ 13 funding deals above $100 million ✅ 47 IPOs, up 52% from FY25 ✅ 6 new unicorns created ✅ Bengaluru led with 33% share, followed by Mumbai with 21% 📍 Justice Yashwant Varma Resigns ✅ Yashwant Varma submits resignation to the President ✅ Removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges is governed by Articles 124 and 218 and the Judges Inquiry Act, 1968 ✅ Impeachment motion requires: ➡ 100 Lok Sabha MPs or 50 Rajya Sabha MPs ➡ Investigation by a 3-member committee ➡ Special majority in both Houses 📍 Indian Constitution in Sindhi ✅ Vice President releases updated Constitution of India in Sindhi language ✅ Sindhi was added to the Eighth Schedule through the 21st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1967 ✅ Constitution was originally drafted in English and later translated into Hindi by a committee led by Ghanshyam Das Gupta 📍 Rice Export Inspection Relaxed ✅ India relaxes rice export inspection rules for some European countries ✅ Relaxation announced through Export Inspection Council ✅ EIC works under the Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1963 under Ministry of Commerce and Industry 📍 India Pharma 2026 ✅ India Pharma 2026 to be held in New Delhi on 13–14 April ✅ Organised by Department of Pharmaceuticals with Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry and Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance ✅ Theme: “Discover in India: Leapfrogging Life-Sciences Innovation” 📍 Vantara University ✅ Vantara University to be established in Jamnagar on vision of Anant Ambani ✅ Claimed to be the world’s first integrated global university for wildlife and veterinary sciences ✅ Focus: wildlife medicine, conservation and ethical animal care 🔆 DEFENCE 📍 Exercise DUSTLIK 2026 ✅ Indian Army contingent of 60 personnel departs for 7th edition of Exercise DUSTLIK in Uzbekistan

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 11 APRIL 2026 🔆 INTERNATIONAL 📍 Nepal Begins New Year Celebrations ✅ Nepal begins celebrations for Bikram Sambat 2083 with the traditional Bisket Jatra festival in Bhaktapur ✅ Nepali New Year falls on 14 April ✅ Bisket Jatra is a 9-day festival celebrated to welcome the new year and preserve local culture 📍 IUCN Updates Red List ✅ International Union for Conservation of Nature updates the Red List of Threatened Species 📍 Major Changes ✅ Emperor Penguin moved from Near Threatened to Endangered due to climate change ✅ Antarctic Fur Seal moved from Least Concern to Endangered ✅ Southern Elephant Seal moved from Least Concern to Vulnerable due to bird flu 📍 Bangladesh Measles Outbreak ✅ More than 100 children have died in a measles outbreak in Bangladesh ✅ Measles is a highly contagious viral disease spread through airborne droplets ✅ Severe cases can lead to pneumonia, encephalitis and blindness ✅ India aims to eliminate Measles and Rubella by 2026 🔆 NATIONAL 📍 2 Lakh Women Entrepreneurs Registered on GeM ✅ More than 2 lakh women-led MSEs registered under the Womaniya initiative on Government e-Marketplace ✅ They generated 13.7 lakh orders in FY26 📍 About Womaniya Initiative ✅ Launched in 2019 ✅ Promotes participation of women entrepreneurs in government procurement ✅ Helps solve issues of limited market access and low visibility 📍 CPA India Region Zone VII Conference Concludes in Goa ✅ First Commonwealth Parliamentary Association India Region Zone VII Conference held in Panaji, Goa from 8–10 April ✅ Core states: Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat ✅ Special invitees: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Haryana ✅ Conference focused on democracy, good governance and legislative cooperation 🔆 DEFENCE 📍 Operation HimSetu ✅ Indian Army launches Operation HimSetu in North Sikkim ✅ More than 1,400 people rescued after landslides and collapse of a bridge near Lachen ✅ Operation aimed at evacuating stranded civilians and restoring connectivity 📍 CAPF Administration Act, 2026 Notified ✅ President Droupadi Murmu notifies CAPF Administration Act, 2026 ✅ Creates a common administrative framework for CAPFs 📍 Forces Covered ✅ Central Reserve Police Force ✅ Border Security Force ✅ Central Industrial Security Force ✅ Indo-Tibetan Border Police ✅ Sashastra Seema Bal ✅ IPS officers will continue to head these forces through deputation 🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS 📍 108th Anniversary of Champaran Satyagraha ✅ Nation marks 108 years of Champaran Satyagraha ✅ Started on 11 April 1917 in Bihar under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi ✅ Farmers were forced to grow indigo under the Tinkathia system ✅ It became Gandhi’s first major success in India and marked the beginning of mass movements 📍 Birth Anniversary of Jyotiba Phule ✅ Nation pays tribute to Jyotirao Phule on his birth anniversary ✅ Born on 11 April 1827 ✅ Worked for women’s education, social equality and abolition of caste discrimination 📍 Myanmar ✅ Min Aung Hlaing sworn in as elected President of Myanmar 🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 📍 Gaganyaan IADT-02 Test ✅ Indian Space Research Organisation successfully conducts IADT-02 under the Gaganyaan mission ✅ Test carried out at Satish Dhawan Space Centre ✅ Objective: test safe descent and landing of crew module ✅ Crew module weighing 5.7 tonnes dropped from around 3 km height using an Indian Air Force Chinook helicopter ✅ Test validated parachute and recovery systems near Sriharikota 🔆 SPORTS 📍 India Wins 16 Medals at Asian Boxing Championships ✅ India finishes with 16 medals at Asian Boxing Championships 2026 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 📍 Medal Tally ✅ Gold: 5 ✅ Silver: 3 ✅ Bronze: 8 ✅ India finished 2nd overall behind Kazakhstan ✅ India, however, recorded the highest total medal count 📍 Key Highlight ✅ Vishvanath Suresh wins gold in 50 kg category after defeating Japan’s Daichi Iwai 5–0 ✅ It is India’s first men’s Asian boxing title in 5 years ✅ Indian women contributed 10 medals, including 4 golds, marking a historic performance #CurrentAffairs

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