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Kanal postlari
❄️ COOL LEADERS AWARD | PRELIMS FOCUS
🌍 Cool Leaders Award 2026 → Global recognition initiative of UNEP Cool Coalition for leadership in sustainable cooling & heat resilience.
🏆 First Cool Leaders: 🇸🇬 Singapore → Passive cooling & heat resilience
🇦🇪 UAE → District cooling & global cooling policy
👩💼 Dong Mingzhu → Ultra-efficient, low-carbon cooling technologies
🌐 UNEP COOL COALITION
🔹 Launched: 2019
🔹 Initiative of: UN Secretary-General’s Climate Action Summit
🔹 Platform for: Sustainable & climate-friendly cooling
🔹 Members: 250+ actors — governments, businesses, cities & financial institutions
🔹 Linked with: Paris Agreement + Kigali Amendment + SDGs
🎯 PRELIMS QUICK RECALL:
Cool Leaders → UNEP Cool Coalition → 2019 → Sustainable Cooling → Heat Resilience → Kigali Amendment
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय)
| 2 | 🩸 SICKLE CELL DISEASE | PRELIMS FOCUS
🌍 OneSCD → Global partnership to advance equity & sickle cell care
🔹 Aim: Strengthen country-led SCD programmes & scale proven healthcare approaches
🔹 India: Co-hosted the launch at UNGA 81, New York
🔹 Hosted by: 🇳🇬 Government of Nigeria
🔹 Partners: UNICEF • WHO • Africa CDC • World Coalition on Sickle Cell Disease • St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
🧬 SICKLE CELL DISEASE
🔹 Type: Inherited blood disorder affecting haemoglobin
🔹 Defective gene → Haemoglobin S (HbS)
🔹 RBCs become sickle/crescent-shaped
🔹 Rigid cells can block blood flow → pain & organ damage
🔹 Most common severe form → Sickle Cell Anaemia
🔹 Bone marrow/stem-cell transplant can cure SCD; gene therapy is an emerging approach.
🎯 PRELIMS QUICK RECALL:
OneSCD → Nigeria → UNGA 81 → SCD → HbS → Sickle-shaped RBCs → Blood-flow blockage
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 14 |
| 3 | ⚓ GREEN SHIPPING | E-METHANOL
🇮🇳 India’s first port-based e-methanol production facility is being established at Kandla, with an investment of ₹2,300 crore.
🧪 WHAT IS E-METHANOL?
A low-carbon fuel produced using renewable energy + green hydrogen + recycled CO₂.
🔹 1️⃣ Green Hydrogen: Renewable electricity → electrolysis of water → H₂
🔹 2️⃣ CO₂ Capture: CO₂ captured from industrial emissions or directly from air
🔹 3️⃣ Methanol Synthesis: H₂ + captured CO₂ → methanol in a catalytic reactor
🌱 KEY BENEFITS
🔸 Lower lifecycle GHG emissions
🔸 Minimal sulfur emissions
🔸 Lower particulate emissions
🔸 Renewable & circular production pathway
🎯 PRELIMS QUICK RECALL:
E-Methanol → Green H₂ + Captured CO₂ → Low-Carbon Fuel → Kandla → ₹2,300 crore
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 21 |
| 4 |  🏛️ CHIEF INFORMATION COMMISSIONER & CENTRAL INFORMATION COMMISSION
RTI Act, 2005 | Transparency • Accountability • Right to Information
📌 Current CIC: Shri Raj Kumar Goyal
📌 Established: 12 October 2005
📌 Jurisdiction: Central Public Authorities
📌 Composition: CIC + up to 10 Information Commissioners | 90 |
| 5 | 🏙️ GLOBAL CITIES INDEX 2026 | OXFORD ECONOMICS
🌍 Oxford Economics Global Cities Index (GCI) ranks 1,000 cities worldwide on 5 parameters:
💰 Economics
🎓 Human Capital
❤️ Quality of Life
🌱 Environment
🏛️ Governance
📊 GLOBAL RANKING 🥇 New York
🥈 London
🥉 Paris
4️⃣ Seattle
5️⃣ San Francisco
🇮🇳 INDIAN CITIES 🔹 Delhi — 268th → Highest-ranked Indian city
🔹 Bengaluru — 311th
🔹 Mumbai — 330th
🔹 Chennai — 381st
🔹 Hyderabad — 421st
🔹 Pune — 427th
📌 Around 100 Indian cities feature in the index, while 55 are among the world’s top 100 fastest-growing city economies.
🇮🇳 KEY TAKEAWAYS
🔹 Delhi: 13th globally in Human Capital; currently 63rd-largest city economy.
🔹 Bengaluru: “City to Watch”; rose 20 places.
🔹 Mumbai: 23rd globally for corporate headquarters.
🔹 Hyderabad & Chennai: 15th & 16th globally in forecast GDP growth.
🔹 Challenge: Infrastructure, quality of life & income inequality weigh on Indian cities.
🔹 Delhi: Ranked 2nd globally for worst air quality.
🎯 PRELIMS QUICK RECALL:
GCI → Oxford Economics → 1,000 cities → 5 parameters → Delhi 268th
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 99 |
| 6 | ✈️ DEFENCE IN NEWS | MISSION PÉGASE 26
🇫🇷 French Air & Space Force deployed to Jodhpur with:
🔹 4 Rafale F4
🔹 3 A330 MRTT Phénix
🔹 2 A400M Atlas
🌍 Mission Pégase 26 • 7th edition of France’s long-range air projection exercise
• Distance: 40,000+ km
• Route spans Arctic → Indo-Pacific → Middle East
• Aim: Operational readiness • Strategic partnerships • Freedom of air navigation
🇮🇳 India is a key stop → French contingent will participate in Tarang Shakti 2026.
🛩️ TARANG SHAKTI 2026
🔹 2nd edition | Hosted by IAF
🔹 Venue: Jodhpur & adjoining air bases
🔹 Aim: Interoperability + operational experience sharing
🔹 Foreign Air Forces: USA, France, Germany, Australia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka & UAE
🔹 Observers: 32 countries
🔹 Key aircraft: F-35 • Rafale • F-16 • C-130J • Tejas • Su-30MKI
🎯 PRELIMS:
Pégase 26 → France → 40,000+ km → Jodhpur → Tarang Shakti 2026
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 81 |
| 7 | ⚓ DEFENCE IN NEWS | QUAD-AT-SEA MISSION
🇮🇳🇦🇺🇯🇵🇺🇸 ICGS Shaunak sailed from Chennai to Perth with officers from all four QUAD countries.
🔹 Mission: QUAD-at-Sea Ship Observer Mission
🔹 Sea Riders: 6 officers — 🇮🇳2 | 🇯🇵2 | 🇦🇺1 | 🇺🇸1
🔹 Aim: Maritime interoperability • Coordination • Mutual trust
🔹 Indian Ship: ICGS Shaunak — Samarth-class OPV
🔹 Built by: Goa Shipyard Ltd. 🇮🇳
🔹 Commissioned: 2017
🔹 Base: Visakhapatnam
🔹 Role: EEZ surveillance • Maritime security • Search & Rescue • Pollution response
🌊 Strategic Significance: Supports the QUAD’s maritime cooperation and India’s MAHASAGAR vision.
🎯 PRELIMS:
QUAD → India + USA + Japan + Australia | Shaunak → Samarth-class OPV | Chennai → Perth
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 58 |
| 8 | 🌋 VOLCANO & SPACE TECH | NISAR
🇮🇳🇺🇸 NISAR captured radar imagery of Krasheninnikov Volcano in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula as lava spread across the region.
🔹 Krasheninnikov: Active stratovolcano | Kamchatka, Russia
🔹 Location: Pacific Ring of Fire
🔹 NISAR: NASA–ISRO joint Earth-observation mission
🔹 Launched: 30 July 2025 | GSLV-F16
🔹 Radar: Dual-frequency L-band + S-band
🔹 Coverage: Entire Earth every 12 days
🔹 Uses: Volcanoes • Earthquakes • Land deformation • Environmental changes
🎯 PRELIMS:
NISAR → NASA + ISRO → L & S Band → 12-day cycle → GSLV-F16 → Ring of Fire
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 46 |
| 9 | 🦬 WILDLIFE IN NEWS | DEBRIGARH WLS
🌿 Habitat revival helped Indian Gaur population rise from 659 (2024) → 848 (2026).
📍 Location: Bargarh, Odisha
🔹 Near Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi
🔹 Habitat: Dry & mixed deciduous forests + grasslands
🔹 Fauna: Gaur • Leopard • Sloth Bear • Chousingha • Dhole
🔹 Historical link: Veer Surendra Sai’s Barapathara base was here.
🦬 INDIAN GAUR
🔹 Largest wild cattle species
🔹 Range: South & Southeast Asia
🔹 Habitat: Evergreen, semi-evergreen & moist deciduous forests
🔹 WPA, 1972: Schedule I
🎯 PRELIMS:
Debrigarh → Odisha → Hirakud → Mahanadi → Indian Gaur → Schedule I
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 51 |
| 10 | 🌌 SPACE IN NEWS | BLAZARS
🔭 Astronomers studying high-energy blazars have found new clues about their X-ray emission.
🔹 Blazar: Active galaxy powered by a supermassive black hole
🔹 Components: Black hole • Accretion disk • Relativistic jet
🔹 Key Feature: Jets are directed almost towards Earth → appear extremely bright
🔹 TeV Blazars: Produce very-high-energy gamma rays (TeV range)
🔹 Importance: Help study extreme physics & matter behaviour near supermassive black holes
🔹 Challenge: Powerful jets dominate X-ray emission, making other sources like the accretion disk difficult to observe.
🎯 PRELIMS:
Blazar → Supermassive Black Hole → Relativistic Jet → Earth-facing → Extreme Brightness
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 55 |
| 11 | 🏺 CIVILISATION IN NEWS | ETRUSCANS
🇮🇹 2,700-year-old Etruscan tomb discovered at Vulci, Italy
🔹 Period: 8th–3rd century BCE
🔹 Region: Central Italy — Etruria
🔹 Also known as: Tyrrhenians
🔹 Political system: Confederation of 12 city-states
🔹 Economy: Agriculture • Trade • Iron resources
🔹 Achievements: Arch & vault architecture • Grid-based urban planning • Naval power
🔹 Legacy: Major influence on early Roman culture, religion, governance & urban planning
🔹 Decline: Gradually absorbed into the Roman Republic
🎯 PRELIMS:
Etruscans → Etruria → Central Italy → 12 City-States → Vulci → Roman Influence
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 93 |
| 12 | 💱 mBRIDGE | DIGITAL CURRENCY IN NEWS
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia exited the mBridge project in 2025, stating it was part of its original plan.
🔹 mBridge: Cross-border payment platform using CBDCs
🔹 Launched: 2021
🔹 Partners: BIS + China 🇨🇳 + Thailand 🇹🇭 + UAE 🇦🇪 + Hong Kong 🇭🇰
🔹 Technology: DLT/Blockchain
🔹 Aim: Faster, cheaper & direct cross-border payments
🔹 Key feature: Direct settlement can reduce dependence on correspondent banks and potentially the US dollar as an intermediary currency
🔹 China’s role: PBoC’s Digital Currency Institute was a founding partner.
🎯 Prelims: mBridge → CBDC → DLT → BIS → Cross-border Payments
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 85 |
| 13 | 🐱 MARFAN SYNDROME | FELINE CASE
🧬 Researchers have reported the first molecular characterization of Marfan syndrome in domestic cats.
🔹 Cause: Mutation in FBN1 (fibrillin-1) gene
🔹 Affects: Connective tissue, especially heart, eyes, blood vessels & bones
🔹 Nature: Hereditary genetic disorder
🔹 Treatment: No cure; symptom management & prevention of complications
🎯 Prelims: FBN1 → Fibrillin-1 → Connective Tissue → Genetic Disorder
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 70 |
| 14 | 🏞️ RIVER IN NEWS | RANGEET
🎣 Rangeet River Festival to be organised near Jorethang, Sikkim, promoting catch-and-release fishing, river conservation & adventure tourism.
🔹 Tributary: Teesta River
🔹 Origin: Glacier of Mount Kabru, near Kanchenjunga
🔹 Course: West Sikkim → joins Teesta near Teesta Bazaar
🔹 Boundary: Forms part of Sikkim–West Bengal boundary
🔹 Importance: Fisheries • Irrigation • Freshwater • Hydropower
🔹 Tourism: Popular for white-water rafting
🔹 Rangeet Dam: 60 MW, operational since 2000
🎯 Prelims: Rangeet → Teesta → Mount Kabru → Sikkim → Teesta Bazaar
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 65 |
| 15 | ⚓ DEFENCE IN NEWS | EXERCISE VARUNA 2026
🇮🇳🇫🇷 India–France Bilateral Naval Exercise
🔹 24th Edition of Exercise VARUNA
🔹 Venue: Toulon, France
🔹 Indian Ship: INS Trishul
🔹 Phases: Harbour + Sea
🔹 Focus: Interoperability • Operational cooperation • Sharing best practices
🚢 INS TRISHUL
🔹 Class: Talwar-class guided missile frigate
🔹 Commissioned: 2003
🔹 Speed: >30 knots
🔹 Endurance: ~30 days at sea
🔹 Key Weapon: BrahMos PJ-10 supersonic cruise missile
📌 Other India–France Exercises:
FRINJEX → Army | GARUDA → Air Force | VARUNA → Navy
🎯 Prelims: VARUNA → India–France → Naval Exercise → INS Trishul → Toulon
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 69 |
| 16 | 🦎 SPECIES IN NEWS | TOKAY GECKO
🇮🇳 86 live Tokay Geckos seized in Assam by the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) in a wildlife-trafficking case.
🦎 TOKAY GECKO
🔹 Scientific name: Gekko gecko
🔹 Type: Large, arboreal lizard
🔹 Appearance: Bluish-grey body with bright orange/red/yellow spots
🔹 Habitat: Tropical forests, rock crevices & human settlements
🔹 Range: South & Southeast Asia
🔹 Behaviour: Nocturnal, solitary & carnivorous
🔹 Special feature: Can detach its tail as a defence mechanism
🔹 Communication: Distinctive vocal calls, especially during breeding
🛡️ CONSERVATION
• IUCN: Least Concern
• CITES: Appendix II
• Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I
🎯 PRELIMS QUICK RECALL:
Tokay Gecko → Gekko gecko → Arboreal → Nocturnal → Schedule I → CITES Appendix II
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 77 |
| 17 | 💰 INTERNATIONAL TAXATION | TRANSFER PRICING
🇮🇳 India calls for BRICS cooperation on Transfer Pricing
Finance Minister urged BRICS nations to share experiences on treaty interpretation & multilateral tax negotiations, noting that transfer-pricing disputes can disproportionately affect developing countries.
🔹 Transfer Pricing: Price charged for transactions between related/associated enterprises under common control.
🔹 Used by: Mainly MNCs operating across different tax jurisdictions.
🔹 Key Principle: Arm’s Length Principle (ALP)
➡️ Related-party transactions should be priced as if conducted between independent parties.
🔹 Why disputes? Countries may differ over how MNC profits should be allocated and taxed across jurisdictions.
🔹 India: International transactions between Associated Enterprises must comply with ALP under Indian transfer-pricing rules.
🎯 MAINS LINK:
Transfer Pricing → MNCs → Tax Avoidance → Developing Countries → International Tax Cooperation → BRICS
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 94 |
| 18 | 📡 PB-SHABD | MEDIA & BROADCASTING
🇮🇳 PB-SHABD is Prasar Bharati’s free news-feed service, launched in March 2024, providing verified, ready-to-use content to registered media organisations and digital publishers.
🔹 Formats: Text • Video • Audio • Photos • Infographics
🔹 Languages: 15 Indian languages
🔹 Coverage: National, regional & local news across ~50 categories
🔹 Users: Newspapers • TV channels • Digital publishers • Content creators
🔹 Cost: Free; access assured up to March 2027
📻 PRASAR BHARATI
• India’s Public Service Broadcaster
• Statutory autonomous body under Prasar Bharati Act, 1990
• Established in 1997
• Works through Akashvani & Doordarshan
• Headquarters: New Delhi
🎯 PRELIMS: PB-SHABD → 2024 → Prasar Bharati → 5 formats → 15 languages
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 97 |
| 19 | 🖤 BLACK CARBON | HIMALAYAN GLACIER MELT
A new report highlights Black Carbon (BC) as a major contributor to Himalayan glacier melting.
🔹 What? Sooty particles from incomplete combustion
🔹 Type: Short-Lived Climate Pollutant (SLCP)
🔹 PM: Component of PM2.5
🔹 Sources: Diesel • Cookstoves • Coal • Biomass/Crop burning • Brick kilns • Forest fires
🔹 Glacier Impact: BC settles on snow/ice → reduces albedo → increases heat absorption → accelerates melting
🔹 Other impacts: Air pollution • Health risks • Rainfall & atmospheric circulation changes • Water security
📌 Key Point: Unlike CO₂, black carbon is a particle, not a greenhouse gas.
🎯 Prelims: Black Carbon → PM2.5 → SLCP → Albedo → Himalayan Glaciers
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 87 |
| 20 | 🛡️ DEFENCE IN NEWS | SAT-SAAW
🇮🇳 MoD–BDL Contract | ₹811 Crore
Ministry of Defence has contracted BDL for 160 SAT-SAAW for the Indian Air Force.
🔹 Type: Air-to-Ground Precision-Guided Glide Bomb
🔹 Developed by: DRDO 🇮🇳
🔹 Platforms: Jaguar • Hawk • Su-30MKI
🔹 Targets: Runways • Taxiways • Hangars • Bunkers • Radar installations
🔹 Guidance: GPS/NavIC + INS
🔹 Indigenous Content: 60%
🔹 Delivery: 2027–28 & 2028–29
🎯 Significance: Long-range precision strike + Aatmanirbharta in Defence
✔️Join 🔜 @PCSVERSE (PCS - मंत्रालय) | 81 |
