Team Faculty Of Nursing internship 💙
Kanalga Telegram’da o‘tish
اللهم اجعل عملنا كله صالحاً ، واجعله لوجهك خالصاً ، ولا تجعل لأحد من خلقك فيه شيئاً، ولا للشيطان منه نصيباً، وتقبله يا ربنا بقبولٍ حسن. 'إنَّ الله لا يُضيع أجر من احسنَ عملا ' وقل اعملو فسيرى الله عَمَلكم ورسُولُه والمؤمنون
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افتكروا دا يولاد 😂:
⬅️ Shigella, Salmonella, Chlamydia :symptoms of acute inflammatory diarrhea include Fever higher than 38.5 c, lathargy.
⬅️Acute diarrhea short duration less than 2 weeks (14 days).
➡️Mal absorptive Causes : lactose intolerance, pancereatic insufficiency.
⬅️ Moility Disorder as : Hirschsprung disease.
➡️ Inflammatory Bowel disease as : ulcerative colitis.
➡️ كنا بنعالج ال Diarrhea بتلاته حاجات ايه هما؟
1- Anti microbial therapy for bacteria : trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole or 3 generation cephalosporin for dysentery.
2- Anti microbial therapy : Metronidazole : Azithromycin or nitazoxanide.
3- Zinc Supplementation : 10 :20 mg.
4- حاجه بس مش بيبقي مفيد اوي زي
Anti diarrheal compounds : minimal benefit.
⬅️⬅️⬅️⬅️⬅️
Noninfectious diarrhea
▶️ Mal absorption : disaccharidases difcicency.
✨ Endocrinopathies : thyrotoxicosis, Addison disease. 🤫 ♥️.
⚠️ ⛔ المهم ف محاضره ال pneumonia :
⏺️ Pneumonia leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years.
➡️ كان من ضمن اسباب ال noninfectious pneumonia aspiration of food or gastric acid or foregin bodies.
⬅️ Type of pneumonia :↩️
▶️ Lobar pneumonia : all or large segment of one or more pulmonary lobes.
▶️ Bronchopneumonia : begain in the terminal bronchioles... Also called [lobular pneumonia].
▶️ Interstitial pneumonia : inflammatory process more or less the alveolar walls.
🌸 Viral pneumonia occur more frequently than bacterial pneumonias and seen in children of all age groups.
⏺️ The most viruses Causative agent are Cytomegalo virus - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
🌸 Viral pneumonia associated with cough, wheezing, or stridor.
➡️ لما بتكون العدوي فيروسيه بتبقي درجه الحراره مش عاليه انما لو بكتيريه بتبقي درجه الحراره عاليه.
💙 Bacterial pneumonia the most causative agent are Streptococcus - Staphylococcus.
✨ Bacterial pneumonia most often caused by mycoplasma pneumonia occurs less frequently in children as labor - interstitial or bronchial.
↩️ Streptococcus pneumonia the most common bacterial responsible for Community acquired pneumonia in children and adults.
⏺️Bacterial pneumonia associated with high fever, chills, cough, dyspnea.
↩️ اعرفوا ان ف مرحله Congestion بيكون فيه decrease gas exchange ➡️ hypoxia and acidosis ➡️ fast breathing /tachyapnea.
✨وف مرحله Red hepatization بيكون فيه Crepitation
✨ وف مرحله Gray hepatization بيكون فيه Chest indrawing
✨ واخر حاجه اسمها Healing by crisis ودي complete resolution may take another 1-3 weeks.
➡️ يعني ايه chest indrawing؟
↩️ The lower chest wall goes in when the child breath in.
ال CAP اختصار ل Community Aquired pneumonia.
➡️ Risk factors for CAP :
1 - Medical (age اقل من 1 year + prematurely +malnutrition + immunosuppressant)
2 - Environmental ( overcrowding + winter season + fuel exposure + passive tobacco smoke)
▶️ كانت البكتيريا المسببه ل CAP :
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Hemophils influenza
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
➡️ كان من ضمن اعراض pneumonia :
Fever وبتكون عاليه لو عدوي بكتيريه
Cough with white sputum
Dullness with percussion
Malaise
Difficult in breathing
↩️ Labor pneumonia is not Characteristized by flat Dullness on percussion بيكون فيه
Chest pain
Retraction
Nasal flaring
⏺️ من ضمن laboratory studies :
1- Chest X ray :useful in confirming the presence of pneumonia and detecting complications as lung abscess.
2- Gram Stain - culture of sputum, blood cultures, biopsy.
▶️ بالنسبه بقا Treatment :
✨ For mild ill children not require hospitalization بياخد oral amoxicillin
✨ In adolescent arespiratory fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)
✨ For school age children with infection with M. pneumonia or C. pneumonia suggested amocrolide antibiotic (azithromycin).
➡️ With emergencie of pincillin high dose of amoxicillin (80-90 mg /kg/24 hr).
Therapeutic alternative ( cefuroxime axetil and amoxicillin/ clavnlanate).
▶️The optimal duration of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated pneumonia in children is five day after body temperature drop to normal level.
⁉️ بنعمل prevention ازاي!؟
👍 Annual influenza recommended for all children over 6 months (trivalent or quadrivalent).
🌸 Inactivated influenza vaccine use beginning at 6 months of age
.. Live attenuated vaccine used for person 2 - 49 years of age.
🔚 Universal childhood vaccination for H. influenzae type B diminished the incidence of pneumonias.
🔚
RSV infections can prevented by use palivizumab in high risk patients.
خدوا بالكم من Danger signs that indicate need hospitalization وكانت :
Grunting
Stridor in calm children
Sever chest indrawing
Sever malnutrition
Room air Sao2 < 92 %
Empyema
Deterioration on treatment .
All children younger than 2 months
Children older than 2 months with impaired level of consciousness
Cyanosis
Inability to eat or drink.
وبس كدا 👀♥️
صباح الخير 🤍
بدايه يوم جديد آملين ف كرم الله عز وجل يجبر بخاطرنا جميعا واللي عندهم توليد بإذن الله تخرجو مبسوطين ومجبورين ضغط عليكم بس افتكرو ان دايما كانت بتعدي بكرم الله مش بمجهودنا خالص وانتو عملتو اللي عليكم متفكروش كتير وسلمو أمركم لله ربنا معاكم ويعدي الترم معانا جميعا ع خير يا رب💙..
اسئلة طب اطفال ع محاضرات الميدتيرم اسئله شامله وسنين سابقه بالتوفيق يا رب ♥️
بصمجوا بسرعه مفيش وقت للتفسير 😂😂😂
Law ☞ Role or standard established by the government
Legislation ☞ Type of law comes from legislative branches
Judicial law ☞ Based on Court , Principals are justice , fairness, respect, autonomy
Contract ☞ Agreement between two or More individual
Criminal law ☞ felony and Misdemeanor
Civil law ☞ فيه منها نوعين
Unintentional tort as Negligence and Malpractice
Intentional tort as Assault, battery, invasion of privacy, Defamation, False imprisonment
Felony ☞ Serious , Rape murder
Misdemeanor ☞ lesser crime, penalty of a fine
Negligence ☞ failure or omission , do something
Malpractice ☞ Carelessness by professional person
Assault ☞ تهدييييد Harm another
Battery ☞ لمس بدون موافقة أو أذنه Touching without consent
Invasion of privacy ☞ قولت او اتكلمت عن المريض العامه لو للناس أن عملته كذا وكذا يعني انتهكت خصوصيته
All aspects of patient care free from unwanted publicity
Defamation ☞ Holding up of person to ridicule
Fale imprisonment ☞ person stay in a place against her wishes
Family as the Context
The First is Individual
The second is family
☞ The family as context Serves as either a strength or stressors
☞ Nurse is most interested in the individual
هنا بيركز علي الأفراد اولا ثم الأسرة ثانيا
وطبعا هنا الأسرة بتأثر علي الفرد ي بتقويهم وتعطيهم قوه عشان يتحسنوا ويحسنوا صحتهم ي بتحبطهم وهنا بنركز علي كلمات زي strength, stressors
Family as client
The First is family
The second is Individual
☞The focus is concerned on each individual as he or she affect the family as a whole
☞The family is the sum of individual family members
التركيز اولا بيكون علي الاسره وثانيا علي أفرادها وتعمل مع الأسرة كلها كوحدة واحدة وطبعا عارفين أن الاسره دي عباره عن مجموعه من الأفراد وكل فرد ف الأسرة بياثر علي الأسرة ككل
Family as a system
☞ The focus is on the family as client , The family is viewed as interaction system
☞ Interaction among family members is the target for nursing interventions
☞ Focussed on individual members, and the family as whole
☞ The Whole is more than the sum of its parts مهمة
☞ Families always implies that something happens to one family member , the other members are affected
هنا الأسرة بتكون من سيستم يعني نظام يعني بتجمع بين أفراد الأسرة والأسرة ككل وبتعطيهم اهتمام وبعاملهم كأنهم واحدة واحده وبيحصل تفاعل بين الأسرة والافراد زي تفاعل الاب مع أطفاله وزوجته ولو شوفنا كلمات زي Whole more than the sum of it parts , target, implies يبقا ع طول هنختار System
Family as a component of society
☞The family is one of many institutions in society as health, education, religious and financial institutions
☞ The family is a primary unit of society
☞ The focus on the interface between families and community agencies
هنا بتعامل مع الأسرة كأنها مكون من مكونات المجتمع كأنها مؤسسه تعليميه أو دينيه أو صحية ، لو شوفت كلمه institutions , community, received, exchange, give service اي حاجه خاصه. ب المجتمع يبقا هتختار family as component of society 👀
نزلت هنا اسئله علي محاضره foundation حلوها لان التعريفات مهمه وبتلخبط👌
https://t.me/c/1834567642/27138
اسئله اداره ع محاضرات الميدتيرم اسئله شامله وسنين سابقه بالتوفيق يا رب ♥️
اسئله اداره ع محاضرات الميدتيرم اسئله شامله وسنين سابقه بالتوفيق يا رب ♥️
https://t.me/c/1834567642/27036
https://t.me/c/1834567642/27058
بصمجه وبائيات هنا بصوا عليها
ودا لينك الجروب
https://t.me/c/1566769368/2
⚠️⛔مهم : اول محاضره وبائيات :
🔛 Epidemiology is study of determinants, distribution and frequancy of disease.
وبرده ليها تعريف تاني وهو العلم الذي يتعامل مع الأشياء التي تقع على الناس ↪️ it is the science which deal with what falls upon people.
➡️ Outbreak : disease occurrence among population that is in excessive of what is expected in a given time and place.
بمعني ان حالات كتيره من مرض معين ظهرت ف منطقه معينه اكتر من المتوقع.
✨ Cluster :Group of cases in a specific time and place that may be more than expected.
⬅️ Endemic : out break that occurs at a predictable role in certain area or among a set of population.
✨ Endemics remain in at steady state, but Don't disappear from a population.
↪️ Chickenpox is classed an Endemics as it occur at high but predictable rate amongst youngests.
⬅️ Anepidemic will see a disease rapidly spread amongst a large number of people in a given population.
↪️ During Anepidemic the disease will normally spread in two weeks or less.
❤️ Pandemic : is the world Wide spread of new infectious disease.
↪️ It's streches over a larger Area, infects more people and Causes more death than epidemic.
⬅️ Sporadic : refers to diseases that occurs infrequently and irregularly.
😊 Distribution concerned with frequancy and pattern of health in a population.
✨ Frequancy :the relationship of number of cases ( diabetes) to the size of population.
⬅️ Pattern : refers to the occurrence of health Related events by: Time
Place
Person
🌸 العلماء قالوا ان الانسان لو اتصاب بمرض بيكون عنده تراكم او نجمع العوامل الخطر ال هي risk factors.
⬅️ Determinants : they are the Causes and other risk factors influence health, biological, chemical, physical, social, economic, genetic and behavioural.
🌸 Health Related states : refers to anything that affected the well being of population.
➡️ Clinician is concerned about health of individually.
⬅️ Epidemiologist is concerned about health of community or population.
🌸 The aim of publicly health is to promote, protect and restore health.
↪️ Uses/purposes of Epidemiology?
1- community health assessment.
2- individually decisions
3- completing the clinical picture.
4- search for Causes.
5- study risk factors.
6- aid in planning, administration and development of health services.
7- evaluate preventive measures
8- provide foundation for publiclyc policy.
🌸 Descriptive Epidemiology
Time
Place.
Person
🌸 Analytic Epidemiology
It tests a specific hypothesis about the relationship of disease to a cause..
✨ The three phenomena assessed in Analytic Epidemiology :
1- Agent : It necessary for disease to occur زي ↘️
- Allergens
- Radiation
- poisons
- microbes
2- Host factor : It influence the chance for disease or it severity.
زي↩️ * personal traits
* Genetic predisposition.
* Age
* personal behavior
* immunologic state.
3- Environment : It contributes to disease process.
زي ↩️
-Growding
- Atmosphere
- modes of communication
- phenomena in the environment that bring Host and Agent together such as : vector, vechicle.
✨ 🔚عندما يكون هناك عدم توازن Host, Agent يحدث الخلل ونتيجه هذا الخلل يحدث ال epidemic :
Due to new Agent, changes in existing Agent, change in number of susceptible in the population, environmental changes... 🤫
وبس كدا دي النهايه 🌚.
دى الاجابات ، بالتوفيق ان شاء الله امتحان مُوفق للجميع💗
لاتنسو اخواننا واهلنا فى غزه من دعائكم✌️🇵🇸
