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UPSC Preplab is an online platform for civil services aspirants by Testbook, for complete and comprehensive UPSC Preparation! Website Link - https://testbook.com/upsc-prep-lab-coaching Youtube: https://youtube.com/@upscpreplabofficial?si=zbEy7QW5WfK18mGj

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If you don't know exactly GS :2 Mein kya aata hai kyu ata hai..watch this video 👆👆
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https://www.youtube.com/live/xAo2vV9wSm4?si=oCf_ZzJ0MIs9QhBi
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The Ethanol Gambit: India has launched E85 fuel (85% ethanol + 15% petrol) and exempted higher ethanol blends (E22–E30) from excise duty to reduce oil imports and strengthen energy security. The policy aims to promote Flex-Fuel Vehicles (FFVs) and create demand for surplus domestic ethanol production capacity. Frequent changes in ethanol blending targets create uncertainty for automobile manufacturers, as higher blends require costly engine redesign, testing, and certification. While ethanol improves energy security and supports domestic biofuel production, E85 can only be used in specially designed FFVs, which are currently limited in India. Ethanol contains less energy than petrol, causing 20–30% lower fuel efficiency, which may reduce consumer acceptance unless fuel prices remain competitive. India’s ethanol programme relies heavily on sugarcane, a water-intensive crop, raising concerns about water stress and environmental sustainability. Ethanol, electric vehicles (EVs), and compressed biogas (CBG) should be viewed as complementary pathways for achieving energy security and transport decarbonisation. A stable, long-term fuel policy is essential to balance energy security, environmental sustainability, industrial investment, and consumer interests.
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TODAY’S IMPORTANT NEWS: 1-FCRA Bill — expanding state control over civil society : https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/fcra-bill-expanding-state-control-over-civil-society/article71090084.ece 2-Why is Nicobar debating elections?: https://www.thehindu.com/elections/why-is-nicobar-debating-elections-explained/article71089035.ece 3-Right time to focus on sustainable agriculture: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/right-time-to-focus-on-sustainable-agriculture/article71090282.ece 4-Protecting producer welfare in the age of AI: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/protecting-producer-welfare-in-the-age-of-ai/article 5-The cost of the US’s Iran gambit: https://www.hindustantimes.com/editorials/the-cost-of-america-s-strategic-gambit-lessons-for-a-changing-global-order-101781188576908.html
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BRICS Needs to Prioritise Food Security: BRICS countries produce a large share of the world’s food but also account for a significant proportion of the global hungry population. Food security challenges differ across members: hunger in Brazil, malnutrition in India, and severe food insecurity in Ethiopia. BRICS lacks a strong common food security framework and relies mainly on bilateral cooperation. The bloc must move beyond calorie availability and address malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, obesity, and anemia. India’s 2026 BRICS Presidency can push for food security as a core pillar with targets on stunting, anemia, and emergency food reserves. Greater sharing of agricultural technologies and best practices among BRICS countries can improve food resilience. Small farmers and women producers should be placed at the centre of agricultural policies. BRICS’ success should be measured by improving people’s food and nutrition security, not just economic or geopolitical influence.
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TODAY’S IMPORTANT NEWS: 1-The reality behind falling net FDI: https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/the-reality-behind-falling-net-fdi/article71084799.ece 2-How India can protect its digital ecosystem: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/how-india-can-protect-its-digital-ecosystem/article71086075.ece 3-BRICS needs to prioritise food security: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/brics-needs-to-prioritise-food-security/article7 4-Farm loan waivers are just a band aid solution: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/farm-loan-waivers-are-just-a-band-aid-solution/article71085911.ece 5-The challenge of digging through the Himalayas: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/zojila-tunnel-himalayan-tunnelling-challenge-10733207/
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Semiconductor: Energy questions: India’s semiconductor ambitions depend not only on chip policies but also on reliable energy and water infrastructure, as chip fabrication requires uninterrupted power and ultra-pure water. Semiconductor fabs need 99.9999% power uptime (“six nines” standard); even brief voltage fluctuations can destroy expensive silicon wafers and cause huge losses. Despite being a power-surplus nation, India’s electricity grid faces transmission losses, voltage fluctuations, and reliability issues that pose challenges for chip manufacturing. Green energy integration remains difficult because solar and wind power are intermittent, while semiconductor factories require continuous 24×7 operations. High electricity tariffs, cross-subsidy charges, and varying State-level power policies reduce India’s cost competitiveness compared to global chip hubs like Taiwan and South Korea. Chip manufacturing is also highly water-intensive, requiring energy-consuming processes to convert ordinary water into ultra-pure water (UPW) for semiconductor production. Experts suggest developing dedicated semiconductor manufacturing hubs with independent power corridors, reliable baseload energy, battery storage, and stable water infrastructure. India is strengthening supply-chain security through initiatives such as the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), Minerals Security Partnership (MSP), and international critical minerals cooperation to ensure access to essential chip-making materials.
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TODAY’S IMPORTANT NEWS: 1-A new phase in India-Nepal relations: https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/a-new-phase-in-india-nepal-relations/article71080699.ece 2-Inclusion without abolition in China’s hukou system: https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/inclusion-without-abolition-in-chinashukousystem/article71080704.ece 3-Scientists find a blood test that predicts lung cancer years early: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/14-protein-signature-blood-test-predicts-lung-cancer-years- 4-Health report: children doing better, adults less so: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/health-report-children-doing-better-adults-less-so/article71081760.ece 5-Semiconductor: Energy questions: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/semiconductor-energy-questions/article71081979.ece
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What is Lost and Gained in NFHS-6? NFHS-6 records improvements in child nutrition, maternal healthcare, institutional deliveries, health insurance coverage, and women’s Internet usage across India. New indicators have been added on digital literacy, direct benefit transfers (DBTs), self-help groups, financial transactions, and Hepatitis B & C testing. However, the survey’s preliminary fact sheet has been reduced from 131 indicators (NFHS-5) to 101 indicators (NFHS-6), marking the first major reduction in coverage. Key indicators such as anaemia, infant mortality, child mortality, sex ratio at birth, sanitation coverage, clean cooking fuel use, and cancer screening have been removed. Anaemia was dropped due to concerns over the accuracy of the finger-prick testing method used in earlier surveys; it will now be tracked through a separate Diet and Biomarkers Survey using venous blood samples. The removal of mortality, sanitation, and sex-ratio indicators creates data gaps, as no other survey provides similar district-level and socio-economic breakdowns at the same scale. NFHS-6 reports a decline in spousal violence and a significant reduction in child stunting, indicating progress in social and health outcomes.
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What is Lost and Gained in NFHS-6? NFHS-6 records improvements in child nutrition, maternal healthcare, institutional deliveries, health insurance coverage, and women’s Internet usage across India. New indicators have been added on digital literacy, direct benefit transfers (DBTs), self-help groups, financial transactions, and Hepatitis B & C testing. However, the survey’s preliminary fact sheet has been reduced from 131 indicators (NFHS-5) to 101 indicators (NFHS-6), marking the first major reduction in coverage. Key indicators such as anaemia, infant mortality, child mortality, sex ratio at birth, sanitation coverage, clean cooking fuel use, and cancer screening have been removed. Anaemia was dropped due to concerns over the accuracy of the finger-prick testing method used in earlier surveys; it will now be tracked through a separate Diet and Biomarkers Survey using venous blood samples. The removal of mortality, sanitation, and sex-ratio indicators creates data gaps, as no other survey provides similar district-level and socio-economic breakdowns at the same scale. NFHS-6 reports a decline in spousal violence and a significant reduction in child stunting, indicating progress in social and health outcomes. At the same time, concerns remain over declining exclusive breastfeeding rates, lower use of modern contraception, and a rise in overweight and obesity among women across all States.
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TODAY’S IMPORTANT NEWS: 1-The Oman CEPA, a new gateway for India’s exports: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-oman-cepa-a-new-gateway-for-indias-exports/article71077748.ece 2-Strategic afterthought The government must be transparent with the Nicobar project: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/strategic-afterthought-on-the-great-nicobar-project/article71076847.ece 3-What is lost and gained in NFHS-6: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/what-is-lost-and-gained-in-nfhs-6/article71076595.ece 4-‘Amplifying’ random numbers brings a breakthrough in digital security: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/technique-to-amplify-random-numbers-is-digit 5-Monetary implications of RBI’s surplus transfer: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/monetary-implicationsof-rbis-surplus-transfe 6- Do we need a labour code for AI?: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/do-we-need-a-labour-code-for-ai/article71077887.ece
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