UPSC Prep Lab

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پست‌های کانال

E20: Keep policy flexible: India’s crude-import dependence is high at 88.6%, making ethanol blending important for reducing oil-import dependence, saving forex and creating demand for domestic feedstocks. Ethanol blending increased from 1.53% in 2013-14 to 20% in 2025-26, with the government reporting substantial farmer payments, forex savings and crude-oil substitution. Many older vehicles were designed for lower ethanol blends. The rapid shift to E20 may impose mileage losses and component-related costs on existing vehicle owners. The government acknowledged that the existing vehicle fleet’s E20 compatibility was not adequately assessed beforehand, while non-compatible vehicles could experience around 3–5% lower fuel economy. Harold Lasswell emphasised appraisal, while Charles Lindblom highlighted incremental learning. Therefore, evidence on vehicle compatibility, mileage, warranties and consumer costs should continuously inform E20 policy. Keep the policy flexible and evidence-based—retain suitable lower-ethanol fuel options where necessary, introduce compatibility checks and periodic reviews, and assess ethanol using lifecycle emissions, water use and feedstock sustainability, not merely blending targets.

2	TODAY’S IMPORTANT NEWS: 1-End the culture of secrecy in judicial appointments: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/end-the-culture-of-secrecy-in-judicial-appointments/article71389685.ece 2-The limits of air power, implications for theatre-isation: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-limits-of-air-power-implications-for-theatre-isation/article71389701.ece 3-Models struggled to predict the 2026 monsoon’s rapid changes: https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/models-struggled-to-predict-the-2026-monsoons-rapid-changes/article71387967.ece 4-E20: Keep policy flexible: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/e20-keep-policy-flexible/article71389887.ece 5-Focus on regulation Caps on contracts are only a partial solution for dealing with oligopoly in India’s airports: https://www.business-standard.com/opinion/columns/focus-on-regulation-126082501413_1.html	132
3	Did Press Note 3 relaxations help attract more FDI?: India required Government approval for FDI from countries sharing a land border, mainly to prevent opportunistic takeovers of Indian firms during the COVID-19 crisis. The Centre allowed the automatic route for investments with less than 10% ownership by entities from land-border countries, easing restrictions on minority, non-controlling investments. The relaxation aimed to unlock stalled investments, improve ease of doing business, facilitate technology transfer, strengthen domestic firms and integrate India with global supply chains. By August 10, 2026, 29 projects worth ₹4,895.65 crore had been reported under the revised framework, covering IT, AI, manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, data centres and transport. The amount remains less than 1% of India’s total FDI in 2025–26, so its overall impact on FDI inflows is currently modest, though the policy is still relatively new. The relaxation appears to have facilitated some previously constrained investments, but whether it will significantly boost India’s FDI inflows will depend on its longer-term impact on investment, technology, domestic value addition and global supply-chain integration.	245
4	TODAY’S IMPORTANT NEWS: 1-Labour rights beyond the shadow of BWSSB: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/labour-rights-beyond-the-shadow-of-bwssb/article71385565.ece 2-Invisible actors The ECI must stop filing of bulk applications for deletion of voters: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/invisible-actors-on-bulk-applications-voter-name-deletion/article71385049.ece 3-The fact is youth unemployment has a household cost: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-fact-is-youth-unemployment-has-a-household-cost/article71385609.ece 4-Perfect host India was successful as a host of badminton World Championships: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/perfect-host-on-india-as-host-of-2026-bwf-world-championships/article71384749.ece 5-How the SC ruling redefined ‘industry’: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/how-supreme-courts-new-ruling-changes-the-definition-of-industry-explainer/article71372126.ece	221
5	Tribunal autonomy: Tribunal Reforms Bill reinforces executive control: The Act follows a decades-long executive–judiciary tussle over tribunal administration, with the Supreme Court repeatedly stressing judicial independence. The Act changes the tenure to five years, modifies the selection mechanism and establishes a National Tribunals Commission (NTC) to oversee tribunal administration. Although the NTC has a 3:2 judicial majority, its Chairperson and members are appointed by the Government. Technical members do not require consultation with the Chief Justice. Tribunal members are recommended through Search-cum-Selection Committees in which a Government Secretary has voting power, raising concerns about executive influence. The executive retains significant control over removal. The concerned ministry can initiate an inquiry, while the Central Government takes the final decision, potentially affecting tribunal independence. Genuine autonomy requires an independent and transparent appointments mechanism. The UK-style Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC) model, based on open competition and institutional independence, could offer a possible alternative to both excessive executive control and the opaque collegium system.	262
6	TODAY’S IMPORTANT NEWS: 1-Not ‘delulu’ — an AI tutor for every child in India: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/not-delulu-an-ai-tutor-for-every-child-in-india/article71381725.ece 2-Triple test, adrift The Supreme Court should not have discarded a workable test on ‘industry’ https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/triple-test-adrift-on-the-ruling-on-definition-of-industry/article71381252.ece 3-The return of profanation as a new political language: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-return-of-profanation-as-a-new-political-language/article71381773.ece 4-The surge in solar cell imports needs to be curbed: https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/the-surge-in-solar-cell-imports-needs-to-be-curbed/article71381840.ece 5-Ignore the FPI pessimism: https://www.business-standard.com/opinion/columns/ignore-the-fpi-pessimism-126082300786_1.html	252
7	Edit, Sign and Share PDF files on the go. Download the Acrobat Reader app: https://adobeacrobat.app.link/Mhhs4GmNsxb	334
8	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbp25EtNZFE	360
9	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoyjFq5SMmg	339
10	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JImQKoPCio	297
11	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6aS217VhMSo	269
12	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qm2OkVOZ3U	230
13	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzTFYGa3N8M	269
14	Watch Now -https://youtu.be/Z9RjTSO1mgU	305
15	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2SjM_OW6qpA	341
16	How Will Gaganyaan’s Thermal Shield Protect the Crew?: The Gaganyaan crew module will re-enter the atmosphere at around 7,500–8,000 m/s, generating extreme heat as most of its kinetic energy is converted into atmospheric heat. The module’s external heat shield will face temperatures of up to 1,800°C, while keeping the internal structure safely below around 150°C. Gaganyaan uses an ablative TPS, which absorbs heat and gradually decomposes, forming a protective char layer and gases that carry heat away and create a cooler boundary layer. Thermal shields are broadly ablative, radiative and heat-sink systems. Ablative systems sacrifice material; radiative systems release absorbed heat as radiation; heat-sink systems absorb heat by raising their own temperature. Since the crew module is designed for single-use re-entry, ablative TPS offers a robust, cost-effective and reliable solution capable of handling fluctuating thermal loads without complex maintenance. ISRO has already demonstrated ablative re-entry technology through the Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE) and CARE mission (2014), providing the technological foundation for Gaganyaan’s crew module.	324
17	TODAY’S IMPORTANT NEWS: 1-Centre’s fiscal outlook faces geopolitical, revenue risks: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/centres-fiscal-outlook-faces-geopolitical-revenue-risks/article71369976.ece 2-Trial by fire West Bengal should rebuild its crumbling, hazardous infrastructure: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/trial-by-fire-on-fire-accidents-in-west-bengal/article71369212.ece 3-Abrief on gene-edited rice that’s ready for sowing; https://www.pressreader.com/india/businessline-delhi-9wvw/20260821/281719801424423?srsltid=AfmBOopFJpVAuG0KNgYZk7KnrdO0dSCVA5DFnjP37P1EefXG2IRQmr5p 4-India’s manufacturing puzzle; https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/indias-manufacturing-puzzle/article71370241.ece 5-Climate resilience starts with the health workforce: https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/climate-resilience-health-workforce-assam-kerala-floods-10842129/	279
18	Why is the Supreme Court Examining Polygamy Again?: The Supreme Court has sought the Centre’s response on a petition challenging the constitutional validity of polygamy and asked it to consider legislative steps to abolish the practice irrespective of religion. They have challenged Section 2 of the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937, arguing that polygamy violates constitutional principles of equality and gender justice under Articles 14, 15 and 16. The petitioners seek codification of Muslim Personal Law, compulsory registration of Muslim marriages and divorces, and safeguards for the first wife and children in case of subsequent marriages. In Sarla Mudgal (1995) and Lily Thomas (2000), the Court held that a Hindu man cannot convert to Islam merely to contract a second marriage while the first marriage subsists. The issue was earlier raised alongside instant triple talaq in Shayara Bano. The SC invalidated instant triple talaq in 2017, after which Parliament enacted the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019. The case raises a wider question of balancing religious personal laws with constitutional values of equality, gender justice and individual rights, while determining the appropriate role of the judiciary and legislature.	444
19	TODAY’S IMPORTANT NEWS: 1-A Palestinian state is the foundation for regional peace: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/a-palestinian-state-is-the-foundation-for-regional-peace/article71365974.ece 2-Before new taxes, making every rupee count: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/before-new-taxes-making-every-rupee-count/article71366018.ece 3-Sanction-proofing India’s interests and autonomy: https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/sanctionproofing-india-s-interests-and-autonomy-101787159048144.html 4-India’s institutions are failing the people: https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/indias-institutions-are-failing-the-people/	342
20	Behind the New Tribunals Bill: Decade-Long Tussle Between Centre & SC: The Bill seeks to introduce a sweeping change in the administration of tribunals, including selection, tenure and service conditions of tribunal members. The dispute stems from repeated attempts by the Centre to exercise greater control over tribunals, while the Supreme Court has stressed judicial independence. In 2020 and 2021, the Supreme Court struck down several provisions relating to tribunal appointments, tenure and service conditions, holding that they undermined judicial independence. The Bill proposes Search-cum-Selection Committees headed by judicial members, with government representation, for recommending candidates to tribunal posts. The Centre argues that the reforms will bring uniformity, faster appointments, administrative efficiency and better functioning of tribunals. The continuing tussle highlights the need to balance executive control and administrative efficiency with judicial independence and separation of powers.	360

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