CyberSecurity & AI Experts
๐ฐ Ethical Hacking and Cyber Security Official Telegram Channel ๐ฐ Free content to learn Hacking & AI For promotions: @coderfun
Ko'proq ko'rsatish๐ Telegram kanali CyberSecurity & AI Experts analitikasi
CyberSecurity & AI Experts (@ethicalhackingtoday) Ingliz til segmentidagi kanali faol ishtirokchi. Hozirda hamjamiyat 41 968 obunachidan iborat bo'lib, Texnologiyalar & Aralashmalar toifasida 3 243-o'rinni va Hindiston mintaqasida 9 539-o'rinni egallagan.
๐ Auditoriya koโrsatkichlari va dinamika
ะฝะตะฒัะดะพะผะพ sanasidan buyon loyiha tez oโsib, 41 968 obunachiga ega boโldi.
16 Iyun, 2026 dagi oxirgi maโlumotlarga koโra kanal barqaror faollikka ega. Oxirgi 30 kunda obunachilar soni 601 ga, soโnggi 24 soatda esa 9 ga oโzgardi va umumiy qamrov yuqori darajada qolmoqda.
- Tasdiqlash holati: Tasdiqlanmagan
- Jalb etish (ER): Auditoriya oโrtacha 4.00% darajada jalb etiladi. Nashrdan keyingi dastlabki 24 soatda kontent odatda umumiy obunachilar sonining 1.24% ini tashkil etuvchi reaksiyalarni toโplaydi.
- Post qamrovi: Har bir post oโrtacha 1 679 marta koโriladi; birinchi sutkada odatda 521 ta koโrish yigโiladi.
- Reaksiyalar va oโzaro taโsir: Auditoriya faol: har bir postga oโrtacha 7 ta reaksiya keladi.
- Tematik yoโnalishlar: Kontent git, |--, cybersecurity, linux, attack kabi asosiy mavzularga jamlangan.
๐ Tavsif va kontent siyosati
Muallif resursni shaxsiy fikrni ifoda etish maydoni sifatida taโriflaydi:
โ๐ฐ Ethical Hacking and Cyber Security Official Telegram Channel
๐ฐ Free content to learn Hacking & AI
For promotions: @coderfunโ
Yuqori yangilanish chastotasi (oxirgi maโlumot 17 Iyun, 2026 da olingan) sababli kanal doimo dolzarb va katta qamrovli boโlib qoladi. Analitika auditoriya kontent bilan faol hamkorlik qilishini, uni Texnologiyalar & Aralashmalar toifasidagi muhim taโsir nuqtasiga aylantirishini koโrsatadi.
Ma'lumot yuklanmoqda...
| Sana | Obunachilarni jalb qilish | Esdaliklar | Kanallar | |
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| 2 | Network Engineering๐จ๐ปโ๐ป๐ป
#techinfo | 70 |
| 3 | โ๏ธ MERN Stack Developer Roadmap
๐ HTML/CSS/JavaScript Fundamentals
โ๐ MongoDB (Installation, Collections, CRUD)
โ๐ Express.js (Setup, Routing, Middleware)
โ๐ React.js (Components, Hooks, State, Props)
โ๐ Node.js Basics (npm, modules, HTTP server)
โ๐ Backend API Development (REST endpoints)
โ๐ Frontend-State Management (useState, useEffect, Context/Redux)
โ๐ MongoDB + Mongoose (Schemas, Models)
โ๐ Authentication (JWT, bcrypt, Protected Routes)
โ๐ React Router (Navigation, Dynamic Routing)
โ๐ Axios/Fetch API Integration
โ๐ Error Handling & Validation
โ๐ File Uploads (Multer, Cloudinary)
โ๐ Deployment (Vercel Frontend, Render/Heroku Backend, MongoDB Atlas)
โ๐ Projects (Todo App โ E-commerce โ Social Media Clone)
โโ
Apply for Fullstack / Frontend Roles
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| 5 | ๐ก๏ธ Vulnerability Assessment Explained
A Vulnerability Assessment (VA) is the process of identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing security weaknesses in systems, networks, applications, and infrastructure.
๐ The goal is not to attack the system.
๐ The goal is to find weaknesses and help fix them before attackers discover them.
๐ง What is a Vulnerability?
A vulnerability is a weakness that could potentially be exploited.
Examples:
Outdated software
Weak passwords
Missing security updates
Misconfigured servers
Excessive permissions
๐ฏ Real-Life Example
Imagine a company website. Web server software is outdated and security updates haven't been applied.
This creates a vulnerability that needs remediation.
The vulnerability assessment identifies the issue and recommends a fix.
๐ฅ Main Steps of Vulnerability Assessment
1๏ธโฃ Asset Identification
Identify: Servers, Applications, Databases, Network devices
You first need to know what exists.
2๏ธโฃ Vulnerability Discovery
Review systems for: Missing patches, Weak configurations, Known security issues
3๏ธโฃ Risk Analysis
Determine: How serious is the issue, What is the potential impact, How likely is it to be exploited
4๏ธโฃ Prioritization
Not all vulnerabilities are equally important. Critical issues are addressed first.
5๏ธโฃ Remediation
Fix the issue through: Updates, Configuration changes, Security controls
6๏ธโฃ Verification
Confirm the vulnerability has been resolved.
๐ฆ Risk Severity Levels
Severity : Meaning
Critical : Immediate action needed
High : Significant risk
Medium : Important but less urgent
Low : Minor issue
Informational : Observation only
๐ฅ Vulnerability Assessment vs Penetration Testing
Aspect : Vulnerability Assessment : Penetration Testing
Goal : Identifies weaknesses : Validates exploitability
Scope : Broad coverage : Deeper testing
Focus : Focus on discovery : Focus on impact
Risk : Lower risk : More controlled testing
๐ข Why Organizations Perform Vulnerability Assessments
Benefits include:
โ
Reduced security risk
โ
Regulatory compliance
โ
Better asset visibility
โ
Stronger security posture
โ
Prioritized remediation efforts
๐ก๏ธ Common Areas Reviewed
Operating systems, Web applications, Databases, Cloud infrastructure, Network devices, Authentication systems
๐ Example Vulnerability Report
A report may contain:
Vulnerability description
Risk rating
Affected assets
Business impact
Recommended fix
The report is often the most valuable deliverable.
๐ Quick Task
Think about a personal laptop or computer. Create a simple checklist:
Is the operating system updated
Is antivirus enabled
Are strong passwords used
Are unused applications removed
This is a basic form of vulnerability assessment thinking.
๐ฅ Pro Tip
In professional cybersecurity roles, finding a vulnerability is only half the job.
The real value comes from:
โ
Explaining the risk
โ
Prioritizing it correctly
โ
Recommending practical fixes
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| 7 | ๐ Enumeration Explained (Gathering Detailed Information)
Enumeration is the process of gathering detailed information from identified systems and services.
๐ Reconnaissance tells you what exists.
๐ Enumeration helps you understand what those systems are actually running and exposing.
This phase is extremely important in security assessments because misconfigurations and unnecessary exposure are often discovered here.
๐ง What is Enumeration?
Enumeration involves collecting information such as:
Hostnames, Users, Shared resources, Service details, Software versions, Configuration information
The objective is visibility and security assessment.
๐ฅ Why Enumeration Matters
Suppose scanning shows: Web server, Database server, Mail server
Enumeration helps answer:
Which software is running?
Which version is installed?
What services are available?
Are there configuration issues?
๐ฏ Real-Life Example
Imagine a company web server.
Scanning may show: Port 80 open, Port 443 open
Enumeration helps determine:
Web server software
Frameworks in use
Security headers
Available resources
๐ Common Areas of Enumeration
๐ฅ๏ธ System Enumeration
Collect information about: Operating systems, Hostnames, Services
๐ Web Enumeration
Identify: Website structure, Public pages, APIs, Technologies used
๐ Resource Enumeration
Review: Shared folders, Public resources, Accessible content
๐ค User Enumeration
Understand account structures and authentication mechanisms.
Security teams review this carefully because exposed information may increase risk.
๐ก๏ธ Why Organizations Perform Enumeration
Enumeration helps identify:
โ
Unnecessary services
โ
Outdated software
โ
Misconfigurations
โ
Excessive information exposure
๐ฅ Enumeration vs Scanning
Aspect | Scanning | Enumeration
Goal | Finds systems | Finds details
Output | Finds open ports | Finds service information
View | High-level view | Detailed view
๐ฏ Security Assessment Workflow
1๏ธโฃ Reconnaissance
โฌ๏ธ
2๏ธโฃ Scanning
โฌ๏ธ
3๏ธโฃ Enumeration
โฌ๏ธ
4๏ธโฃ Vulnerability Assessment
โฌ๏ธ
5๏ธโฃ Reporting
โ ๏ธ Ethical Reminder
Enumeration should only be performed:
Within authorized environments
During approved assessments
According to defined scope
Never perform security testing on systems you do not have permission to assess.
๐ Quick Task
Choose a website you own or a lab environment and try to identify:
Frontend technology
Backend technology (if publicly visible)
Security features visible from the browser
Document your observations.
๐ฅ Pro Tip
Many successful security assessments depend less on "hacking" and more on carefully understanding systems, configurations, and exposed information.
Strong enumeration skills often lead to the most valuable findings.
Double Tap โค๏ธ For More
-----
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| 9 | ๐ Network Scanning & Nmap Fundamentals
After reconnaissance, the next step is network scanning.
๐ The purpose is to discover:
Live systems
Open services
Running applications
Potential security risks
This helps security professionals understand what is exposed on a network.
๐ง What is Network Scanning?
Network scanning is the process of identifying devices and services that are reachable on a network.
Questions security professionals try to answer:
Which systems are online?
Which services are exposed?
Which ports are open?
What operating systems may be running?
๐ฅ What is Nmap?
Nmap stands for Network Mapper.
It is one of the most widely used network discovery and security assessment tools.
Security teams use it for:
Asset discovery
Network inventory
Security assessments
Troubleshooting
๐ What is a Port?
A port is a communication endpoint used by a service.
Examples:
Port | Service
22 | SSH
53 | DNS
80 | HTTP
443 | HTTPS
When a port is open, a service may be listening for connections.
๐ What Does a Scan Reveal?
A scan may help identify:
Reachable devices
Open ports
Service versions
Network structure
This information helps organizations understand their exposure.
๐ฏ Real-Life Example
Imagine a company has:
Web server
Mail server
Database server
Network scanning helps verify:
โ
Expected services are available
โ
Unnecessary services are not exposed
๐ก๏ธ Why Security Teams Use Scanning
Organizations perform regular scanning to:
Maintain asset inventories
Detect unexpected systems
Reduce attack surface
Improve security posture
โ ๏ธ Security Consideration
Open ports are not automatically a problem.
The real questions are:
Is the service necessary?
Is it updated?
Is access restricted appropriately?
๐ฅ Common Scan Objectives
Objective | Purpose
Host Discovery | Find active systems
Port Discovery | Find exposed services
Service Detection | Identify running services
OS Detection | Estimate operating system
๐ Example Assessment Flow
1. Gather public information
2. Discover reachable systems
3. Identify exposed services
4. Review configurations
5. Report findings
This is a standard high-level security workflow.
๐ Quick Task
For learning purposes:
1. Install Nmap in a lab environment.
2. Read its official documentation.
3. Learn what Host discovery, Port scanning, Service detection mean conceptually.
๐ฅ Pro Tip
A large percentage of security work involves understanding what systems exist and what services they expose.
Before testing security, you first need visibility.
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| 11 | ๐ Reconnaissance & Footprinting
Reconnaissance (Recon) -> the first phase of ethical hacking.
๐ Before testing a system, security professionals -> gather information about the target.
Think of it like a detective -> collecting clues before solving a case.
๐ง What is Footprinting?
Footprinting -> collecting publicly available information about a target.
The goal is to understand:
โข Organization structure
โข Technologies used
โข Public infrastructure
โข Potential attack surface
๐ฏ Why Reconnaissance Matters
โข A good ethical hacker -> spends a lot of time gathering information before testing
โข ๐ More information = Better security assessment
โข In many penetration tests, reconnaissance -> one of the most important phases
๐ฅ Types of Reconnaissance
1๏ธโฃ Passive Reconnaissance
โข Information -> gathered without directly interacting with the target
Examples:
โข Company websites
โข Public documents
โข Job postings
โข Social media profiles
โข Public DNS information
โ
Low risk
โ
Usually undetectable
2๏ธโฃ Active Reconnaissance
โข Information -> gathered by directly interacting with target systems
Examples:
โข Port scanning
โข Service detection
โข Network probing
โ ๏ธ More visible
โ ๏ธ May be logged by security systems
๐ Real-Life Example
Suppose a company -> hires you for a security assessment.
You may first identify:
โข Public website
โข Email format
โข Technologies used
โข Public-facing servers
This helps -> define the scope of testing.
๐ Common Information Collected
Information -> Why It Matters
โข Domain names -> Identify public assets
โข IP addresses -> Locate systems
โข Technologies -> Understand software stack
โข DNS records -> Discover infrastructure
โข Public documents -> Find exposed information
๐ก๏ธ OSINT (Open-Source Intelligence)
OSINT -> collecting information from publicly available sources.
Examples:
โข Search engines
โข Public websites
โข Social media
โข Technical documentation
OSINT is heavily used by:
โข Security analysts
โข Incident responders
โข Ethical hackers
โ ๏ธ Ethical Boundaries
Reconnaissance -> should always remain within the scope authorized by the organization.
Ethical hacking requires:
โ
Permission
โ
Defined scope
โ
Responsible reporting
๐ฏ Example Workflow
1. Identify target domain
2. Review public website
3. Identify technologies in use
4. Discover public infrastructure
5. Document findings
Only after this phase -> deeper security testing begin.
๐ Quick Task
Choose a well-known public company and answer:
โข What is its main website?
โข What services does it provide?
โข What technologies can you identify from public information?
Focus only on publicly available information.
๐ฅ Pro Tip
โข Many security findings -> come from information that organizations accidentally expose publicly
โข Learning reconnaissance -> teaches you how to think like a security professional and understand a target before testing it
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-----
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| 13 | Now, Letโs move to next topic of cybersecurity roadmap๐
๐ฅ Ethical Hacking Fundamentals
Ethical hacking means legally testing systems for security weaknesses.
๐ Ethical hackers think like attackers to help organizations improve security.
Unlike malicious hackers, ethical hackers:
โ
Have permission
โ
Follow legal boundaries
โ
Report vulnerabilities responsibly
๐ง What Does an Ethical Hacker Do?
Ethical hackers:
โข Find vulnerabilities
โข Test system security
โข Simulate attacks
โข Help organizations fix weaknesses
๐ฅ Main Goal
๐ Identify vulnerabilities before real attackers do
๐ก๏ธ Ethical Hacking Process
Reconnaissance : Gather information
Scanning : Identify systems/services
Enumeration : Extract useful details
Exploitation : Test vulnerabilities
Reporting : Document findings
๐ Real-Life Example
A company hires an ethical hacker to test:
โข Website security
โข Employee awareness
โข Server configurations
โข Network vulnerabilities
โ ๏ธ Important Difference
Ethical Hacker : Authorized : Helps improve security : Legal
Malicious Hacker : Unauthorized : Causes damage : Illegal
๐ฅ Common Ethical Hacking Areas
โข Web Application Testing
โข Network Security Testing
โข Wireless Security
โข API Testing
โข Cloud Security
๐ ๏ธ Popular Ethical Hacking Tools
Nmap : Network scanning
Wireshark : Packet analysis
Burp Suite : Web testing
Metasploit : Exploitation framework
๐ฏ Skills Needed
Ethical hackers should know:
โ
Networking
โ
Linux
โ
Web technologies
โ
Databases
โ
Programming basics
๐ง Cybersecurity Career Roles
Ethical hacking knowledge helps in roles like:
โข Penetration Tester
โข Security Analyst
โข SOC Analyst
โข Red Team Engineer
โข Bug Bounty Hunter
โ ๏ธ Legal & Ethical Rule
Always remember ๐
โNever test systems without explicit permission.โ
Unauthorized hacking is illegal even if intentions are good.
๐ Quick Task
1. Search for:
- Penetration Testing
- Bug Bounty
- Red Team
2. Write 1 line about each concept
๐ฅ Pro Tip
Ethical hacking is not just about tools.
The real skill is:
๐ Understanding how systems actually work ๐ฅ
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| 15 | Now, Letโs move to next topic of cybersecurity roadmap๐
โ๏ธ Cross-Site Request Forgery CSRF Explained
CSRF Cross-Site Request Forgery is an attack where a hacker tricks a logged-in user into performing unwanted actions on a website.
๐ The website trusts the user because their session/cookies are already active.
๐ง How CSRF Works
Suppose you are logged into your banking account ๐
Your browser automatically sends authentication cookies with every request.
An attacker exploits this trust.
๐ Step-by-Step Example
Step 1๏ธโฃ Victim Logs In
User logs into bank website successfully
Session cookie gets stored in browser ๐ช
Step 2๏ธโฃ Attacker Sends Malicious Link
Victim clicks malicious website/email
Step 3๏ธโฃ Fake Request Sent Automatically
Hidden request executes silently .
Browser automatically sends session cookie with request.
Step 4๏ธโฃ Server Trusts Request
Server thinks the request came from the real user ๐จ
Money transfer may happen.
๐ฏ Why CSRF is Dangerous
Attackers can:
โข Change passwords
โข Transfer money
โข Modify account settings
โข Perform unauthorized actions
๐ Without knowing the userโs password
๐ฅ Key Concept
CSRF attacks work because:
โ
User is already authenticated
โ Website fails to verify request origin
๐ก๏ธ How Websites Prevent CSRF
โ
CSRF Tokens
Unique hidden tokens added to forms
Server verifies token before processing request
โ
SameSite Cookies
Restrict cross-site cookie sharing
โ
Re-authentication
Ask password again for sensitive actions
โ
Custom Request Headers
Used in APIs to validate requests
๐ฅ Real-Life Example
Suppose youโre logged into social media.
Attacker tricks you into clicking malicious page โ page silently changes your account email/password.
๐ This is classic CSRF behavior.
๐ง XSS vs CSRF
XSS : Injects malicious script : Targets browser execution : Needs vulnerable input handling
CSRF : Tricks authenticated users : Targets trusted requests : Exploits active sessions
๐ Quick Task
1. Observe websites asking password again before:
- Payments
- Password changes
2. Think: Why is extra verification needed?
โ ๏ธ Ethical Note
CSRF testing should only be performed in:
โข Authorized labs
โข Practice environments
โข Bug bounty scopes
Never on unauthorized systems.
๐ฅ Pro Tip
If you understand:
โ
Cookies
โ
Sessions
โ
HTTP requests
โ
Authentication flow
then CSRF becomes easy to understand ๐ฅ
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| 17 | Now, Letโs move to next topic of cybersecurity roadmap๐
๐ฅ Cross-Site Scripting XSS
Cross-Site Scripting XSS is a web vulnerability where attackers inject malicious JavaScript code into websites.
๐ The injected script runs inside the victimโs browser.
This can allow attackers to:ย
โข Steal cookies ๐ช
โข Hijack sessions ๐
โข Redirect users
โข Deface websites
๐ง How XSS Happensย
Websites often allow user input:ย
โข Comments
โข Search boxes
โข Chat messages
โข Forms
If input is not properly filtered, attackers may inject scripts ๐ย
โ ๏ธ Simple Exampleย
Suppose a website displays user comments directly.ย
Attacker enters:ย
<script>alert('Hacked')</script>
If the website displays it without sanitizing:ย
๐ The script executes in usersโ browsers ๐ฅย
๐ฏ Real-Life Impactย
Attackers can use XSS to:ย
โข Steal authentication cookies
โข Impersonate users
โข Capture keystrokes
โข Deliver malware
๐ฅ Types of XSSย
Type : Descriptionย
Stored XSS : Script saved permanently in DBย
Reflected XSS : Script reflected via URL/requestย
DOM-Based XSS : Happens inside browser DOMย
โ ๏ธ Stored XSS Exampleย
Attacker posts malicious comment ๐ย
<script>malicious code</script>
Every user viewing the comment executes the script.ย
๐ Very dangerous ๐ฅย
โ ๏ธ Reflected XSS Exampleย
Malicious payload embedded in URL:ย
example.com/search?q=<script>
Victim clicks crafted link โ script executesย
๐ก๏ธ How Websites Prevent XSSย
โ
Input Sanitizationย
Remove dangerous codeย
โ
Output Encodingย
Display special characters safelyย
โ
Content Security Policy CSPย
Restrict script executionย
โ
HttpOnly Cookiesย
Prevent JavaScript from reading cookiesย
๐ฏ Real-Life Cybersecurity Usageย
Ethical hackers test websites for XSS because it can lead to:ย
โข Account takeover
โข Session hijacking
โข Sensitive data theft
๐ฅ XSS vs SQL Injectionย
XSS : Targets browser : Uses JavaScript : Affects usersย
SQL Injection : Targets database : Uses SQL : Affects backend DBย
๐ Quick Taskย
1. Learn basic HTML + JavaScript concepts
2. Understand why websites sanitize input
3. Observe comment sections carefully on websites
โ ๏ธ Important Ethical Noteย
Only practice XSS in:ย
โข Labs
โข CTF platforms
โข Authorized testing environments
Never attack real websites without permission.ย
๐ฅ Pro Tipย
If you understand:ย
โ
HTMLย
โ
JavaScriptย
โ
HTTP requestsย
โ
Cookies & Sessionsย
then XSS becomes much easier to master ๐ฅย
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| 19 | Now, Letโs move to next topic of cybersecurity roadmap๐
๐ SQL Injection
SQL Injection SQLi is one of the most famous web attacks in cybersecurity ๐ฅ
It happens when a website improperly handles user input and directly sends it to a database query.
๐ Attackers can manipulate queries to:
โข Bypass login systems
โข Read sensitive data
โข Modify databases
โข Delete information
๐ง How Websites Normally Work
A website sends SQL queries to a database.
Example query:
SELECT ** FROM users WHERE username='admin' AND password='1234';
๐ If username/password match โ login successful
โ ๏ธ Where the Problem Happens
If developers directly trust user input ๐
An attacker can inject malicious SQL code.
๐ฅ Simple SQL Injection Example
Suppose login form asks:
โข Username
โข Password
Attacker enters:
' OR '1'='1
The query may become:
SELECT ** FROM users WHERE username='' OR '1'='1';
๐ Since 1=1 is always true, authentication may bypass ๐ฅ
๐ฏ Real-Life Impact
SQL Injection can allow attackers to:
โข Steal user accounts
โข Access banking data
โข Dump entire databases
โข Delete records
๐ Many famous breaches happened due to SQL Injection
โ ๏ธ Types of SQL Injection
Type : Description
Login Bypass : Skip authentication
UNION Injection : Extract extra data
Blind SQLi : Infer data indirectly
Error-Based SQLi : Use DB errors to leak info
๐ก๏ธ How Developers Prevent SQL Injection
โ
Prepared Statements / Parameterized Queries
Safely separates code from user input
โ
Input Validation
Reject suspicious input
โ
Least Privilege
Database accounts should have minimal permissions
๐ฅ Real-World Example
Bad practice โ
SELECT ** FROM users WHERE username='$input';
Safer approach โ
Uses parameterized queries instead of directly injecting user input.
๐ง Cybersecurity Importance
SQL Injection is heavily used in:
โข Ethical hacking
โข Penetration testing
โข Bug bounty hunting
๐ Understanding SQL itself helps massively here ๐ฅ
๐ Quick Task
1.
Learn these SQL basics:
- SELECT
- WHERE
- OR condition
2.
Understand why user input must never be trusted directly
โ ๏ธ Important Ethical Note
Only practice SQL Injection in:
โข Labs
โข CTFs
โข Authorized environments
Never test on real systems without permission.
๐ฅ Pro Tip
If you understand:
โ
SQL
โ
HTTP requests
โ
Databases
then SQL Injection becomes much easier to understand.
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