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UPSC GEOGRAPHY
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This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc No copyright material allowed. Queries - @Upscgeographybot
Ko'proq ko'rsatish📈 Telegram kanali UPSC GEOGRAPHY analitikasi
UPSC GEOGRAPHY (@upsc_geography_notes_optional) Ingliz til segmentidagi kanali faol ishtirokchi. Hozirda hamjamiyat 67 144 obunachidan iborat bo'lib, Taʼlim toifasida 2 444-o'rinni va Hindiston mintaqasida 4 960-o'rinni egallagan.
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невідомо sanasidan buyon loyiha tez o‘sib, 67 144 obunachiga ega bo‘ldi.
24 Iyun, 2026 dagi oxirgi ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra kanal barqaror faollikka ega. Oxirgi 30 kunda obunachilar soni -1 073 ga, so‘nggi 24 soatda esa -53 ga o‘zgardi va umumiy qamrov yuqori darajada qolmoqda.
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- Jalb etish (ER): Auditoriya o‘rtacha 3.14% darajada jalb etiladi. Nashrdan keyingi dastlabki 24 soatda kontent odatda umumiy obunachilar sonining 3.24% ini tashkil etuvchi reaksiyalarni to‘playdi.
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“This channel provides notes from different major books like D.R. khullar, G.C leong etc
No copyright material allowed.
Queries - @Upscgeographybot”
Yuqori yangilanish chastotasi (oxirgi ma’lumot 25 Iyun, 2026 da olingan) sababli kanal doimo dolzarb va katta qamrovli bo‘lib qoladi. Analitika auditoriya kontent bilan faol hamkorlik qilishini, uni Taʼlim toifasidagi muhim ta’sir nuqtasiga aylantirishini ko‘rsatadi.
67 144
Obunachilar
-5324 soatlar
-1867 kunlar
-1 07330 kunlar
Postlar arxiv
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■ ALLUVIAL SOIL
#Soil
◇ Alluvial soils are formed mainly due to silt deposited by Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra rivers.
◇ In coastal regions, some alluvial deposits are formed due to wave action.
◇ Rocks of the Himalayas form the parent material.
◇ They are the largest soil group covering about 15 lakh sq km or about 45.6 per cent of the total area.
◇ They support more than 40% of India’s population by providing the most productive agricultural lands.
□ CHARACTERSTICS OF ALLUVIAL SOIL.
◇ They are immature and have weak profiles due to their recent origin.
◇ Most of the soil is loamy. Sandy and clayey soils are not uncommon.
◇ Pebbly and gravelly soils are rare.
◇ Kankar (calcareous concretions) beds are present in some regions along the river terraces.
◇ The soil is porous because of its loamy (equal proportion of sand and clay) nature.
◇ Porosity and texture provide good drainage and other conditions favourable for agriculture.
◇ These soils are replenished by the recurrent floods
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Repost from UPSC GEOGRAPHY
■ BLACK SOIL.
#Soil
◇ The parent material for most of the black soil are the volcanic rocks that were formed in the Deccan Plateau.
◇ In Tamil Nadu, gneisses and schists form the parent material. The former are sufficiently deep while the later are generally shallow.
◇ These are the region of high temperature and low rainfall. It is, therefore, a soil group typical to the dry and hot regions of the Peninsula.
◇ A typical black soil is highly argillaceous (containing clay) with a large clay factor, 62 per cent or more.
• In general, black soils of uplands are of low fertility while those in the valleys are very fertile.
◇ The black soil is highly retentive of moisture.
◇ It swells greatly on accumulating moisture.
◇ In the rainy season, the soil gets very sticky and hence ploughing, and other agricultural activities demand more effort.
◇ In summer, the moisture evaporates the soil shrinks and is seamed with broad and deep cracks.
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■ BLACK SOIL.
#Soil
◇ The parent material for most of the black soil are the volcanic rocks that were formed in the Deccan Plateau.
◇ In Tamil Nadu, gneisses and schists form the parent material. The former are sufficiently deep while the later are generally shallow.
◇ These are the region of high temperature and low rainfall. It is, therefore, a soil group typical to the dry and hot regions of the Peninsula.
◇ A typical black soil is highly argillaceous (containing clay) with a large clay factor, 62 per cent or more.
• In general, black soils of uplands are of low fertility while those in the valleys are very fertile.
◇ The black soil is highly retentive of moisture.
◇ It swells greatly on accumulating moisture.
◇ In the rainy season, the soil gets very sticky and hence ploughing, and other agricultural activities demand more effort.
◇ In summer, the moisture evaporates the soil shrinks and is seamed with broad and deep cracks.
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■ FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL FORMATIONS IN INDIA.
#Soil
4. NATURAL VEGETATION.
◇ Natural vegetation reflects the combined effects of relief and climate.
◇ The formation and development of soil is very much influenced by the growth of vegetation.
◇ The decayed leaf material adds much-needed humus to soil thereby increasing its fertility.
◇ The densely forested areas contain some of the best soils in India.
◇ There is a close relationship between the vegetation types and soil types in India.
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■ FACTORS AFFECT SOIL FORMATION IN INDIA.
#Soil
3. CLIMATE.
◇ Temperature and rainfall are the most important factors in soil formation.
◇ They determine the effectiveness of weathering of the parent material, the quantity of water seeping through the soil and the type of micro-organisms present therein.
◇ Two different parent materials may develop the same soil in the same type of climate.
67 135
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✅ Reviews: @csatmantra_reviews
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67 135
■ FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL FORMATION IN INDIA.
#Soil
2. RELIEF
◇ The relief is the most important factor for soil formation in places with steep slopes like the hilly regions, edges of plateaus etc.
◇ Soil erosion on barren slopes is rampant, and it hinders soil formation. Example: Chambal ravines, higher reaches of the Himalayas where there is minimal or no forest cover (most on the steep southern slopes) etc.
◇ The areas of low relief or gentle slope generally experience deposition and have deep soils. Example: Indo Gangetic plain.
◇ The exceptions in the plateau are river basins where the soil layers are sufficiently deep.
▪︎SOURCE - D.R. Khullar (Chapter - 7).
