𝐉𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐑𝐚𝐡𝐚𝐟 𝐀𝐥𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐲𝐚𝐧𝐢

اقسم بالله كان طلع بجديات تأجل معناها ربي يحبني وربي رقدت ثلاث مرات في القاعه 🤣🤣 واللي قدامي تنوض فيا مسكينه

معلومه غير مؤكده ولكن قد تكون حقيقه

تقريبا الامتحان تأجل ره

؟؟؟

أما مبنى

اللي مكتوب قاعده كليه الزراعه / قاطع ٩

معرفتش وينها قاعه الامتحان ره

يتم الخروج

TEM → inside SEM → surface LM → light + oil immersion ×100 والأرقام المهمة جدًا: LM 0.1–0.2 µm — EM 0.1–0.2 nm — TEM 20–100 nm — LM objectives 3.5/10/40/100.

LM TEM SEM Light Electrons Electrons 2D Interior Surface Resolution أقل Resolution أعلى أقل من TEM ×100 oil immersion Sections 20–100 nm 3D — Internal details Surface details

سايتو

• 1. rER = proteins; sER = lipids/steroids/detox/Ca²■. • 2. Golgi = modification + sorting + packaging. • 3. Cis-Golgi receives from ER; trans-Golgi sorts/ships. • 4. Lysosome = intracellular digestion. • 5. Low pH activates lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes. • 6. Phagocytosis = large particles/bacteria. • 7. Pinocytosis = fluid/small molecules. • 8. Receptor-mediated endocytosis = selective uptake. • 9. Mitochondria = ATP; has circular mtDNA. • 10. Inner mitochondrial membrane = cristae + ATP synthesis complexes. • 11. Peroxisome = H■O■ + detox + β-oxidation. • 12. Actin ≈7 nm; microtubules ≈25 nm; intermediate ≈10 nm. • 13. Actin uses ATP; microtubules use GTP. • 14. Kinesin → plus end; dynein → minus end. • 15. Intermediate filaments are stable and provide strength. • 16. Keratin → epithelial cells. • 17. Desmin → muscle. • 18. GFAP → astrocytes. • 19. Neurofilaments → neurons. • 20. Ribosomes translate mRNA. • 21. Proteasomes degrade ubiquitin-tagged proteins. • 22. Centriole = 9 microtubule triplets. • 23. Nuclear envelope = two membranes. • 24. Outer nuclear membrane continuous with rER. • 25. Heterochromatin = condensed + inactive + dark; euchromatin = loose + active + pale.

مايكرو مراجعه سريعه

1. Histology = study of tissues. 2. Cells → tissues → organs → systems 3. Tissue components = cells + ECM 4. Tissue culture = in vitro 5. Most common microtechnique = Paraffin 6. Most rapid = Freezing 7. Fixative = 10% formaldehyde + 90% normal saline 8. Fixation prevents autolysis + putrefaction 9. Dehydration = ascending alcohol concentrations 10. Clearing = Xylol 11. Impregnation = soft paraffin, 52–60°C 12. Embedding = hard paraffin 13. Sectioning = microtome 14. Hematoxylin = basic → basophilic → blue 15. Eosin = acid → acidophilic → red 16. Vital = in vivo 17. Supravital = in vitro 18. PAS = glycogen 19. Sudan = lipid 20. TEM = inside / SEM = surface 3D