SurgeNote

Barlow test: Checks if a hip is “dislocatable”. The examiner adducts the flexed hip and applies gentle posterior pressure. A “clunk” or feeling of the femoral head slipping out is a positive Barlow sign. Ortolani test: Checks if a hip is “reducible”, i.e., already dislocated but can be put back into the socket. Mnemonic: “Barlow Backwards” → pushes back to dislocate 🔙🦴 “Ortolani Opens” → abducts to open/reduce 👐✨

99. A 28 year-old soccer player experiences (acute swelling in his right knee), after twisting It during a game. He describes a "popping" sensation at the time of injury, he mentions that his knee occasionally feels like It is "catching" or "locking.

“P for Posterior, Push back” → Posterior tibial movement = PCL injury Anterior Drawer Test: ACL injury → tibia moves anteriorly Posterior Drawer Test: PCL injury → tibia moves posteriorly

98. An 18-year-old football player is injured during a football game. He is unable to stand up. The physical exam reveals a positive posterior drawer test. X-rays reveal significant amount of soft tissue swelling but no bone fracture.

Cubitus valgus = Increased carrying angle 🦾➡️ Normal carrying angle: ~5–15° in males, ~10–25° in females Valgus → angle opens outward (forearm abducted away from body) Often results from supracondylar fractures in childhood Can lead to tardy ulnar nerve palsy as a late complication Mnemonic: “Valgus → Very wide angle” ↗️

Pes cavus = High-arched foot 🦶⬆️ Medial longitudinal arch is increased Weight borne mainly on heel & metatarsal heads Often associated with neurological disorders (e.g., Charcot-Marie-Tooth)