Crest Learning UPSC

16 march......👇

➡️HALEU and ANEEL — Nuclear Fuel Concepts 👉 1. HALEU (High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium) ✅ Definition Uranium enriched to 5%–20% of Uranium-235 (U-235) Falls between: LEU (Low-Enriched Uranium): <5% HEU (Highly Enriched Uranium): >20% 👉Why HALEU is important Advanced Nuclear Reactors Used in SMRs (Small Modular Reactors) and next-gen reactors Higher Efficiency Produces more energy per unit fuel Longer Fuel Cycles Reduces frequency of refueling 👉Strategic Relevance Reduces dependence on traditional fuel cycles Key for clean energy transition (Net Zero goals) Supply chain currently dominated by Russia (global concern)

15 march......👇

14 march ......👇

👉What is AIS? The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a tracking system installed on ships that automatically transmits and receives real-time information to improve maritime safety and surveillance.

➡️Lokpal, Sanction & “Cash-for-Query” Context The issue arises from cases like Mahua Moitra where allegations of bribery (cash-for-query) triggered both parliamentary and criminal dimensions. 👉 Core Issue Lokpal has approached the Supreme Court seeking clarity on: 🔹Procedure for grant of sanction to prosecute MPs 👉Why confusion exists MPs’ status ambiguous Not traditional “public servants” like bureaucrats But covered under anti-corruption law in certain contexts Conflict of principles Parliamentary privilege (Art 105) vs criminal accountability Judicial shift Sita Soren v. Union of India → Bribery by legislators is not protected, so prosecution possible 👉 Key Problem Who grants sanction for MPs? Speaker? President/Government? Or no sanction needed? 🔹 No clear statutory procedure → legal ambiguity 👉 Current Position Parliamentary action (expulsion etc.) → No sanction needed Criminal prosecution → Sanction requirement unclear 👉Why Lokpal moved SC To ensure: Uniform procedure No delay in corruption cases Clarity for investigative agencies

➡️What is VITT? Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare but serious condition where: The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks platelets This leads to: Thrombosis (blood clots) Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)

Tele-MANAS (Tele Mental Health Assistance and Networking Across States) is a Government of India initiative to provide free, 24×7 mental health counselling through telecommunication (phone/online).

The Economic Stabilisation Fund (ESF) is a government-controlled financial reserve used to reduce volatility in key economic variables such as prices, currency, or supply shocks. India does not have a single formal ESF by that exact name, but similar functions are performed through specific funds