STPM RANDOM NOTES

TARIKH KEMASUKAN KE UNIVERSITI AWAM / IPG & POLITEKNIK PREMIER LEPASAN STPM & SETARAF SESI 2025/2026 ‼️

Never plagiarise content in your speech. 58. Proficient – Cekap / mahir She is proficient in three languages. 59. Propose – Mencadangkan I propose a new solution to the issue. 60. Question – Mempertikaikan It’s okay to question someone’s viewpoint. 61. Recommend – Mengesyorkan I recommend using statistics in your argument. 62. Reflect – Merenung / menunjukkan His tone reflects his frustration. 63. Respond – Memberi reaksi / jawapan Try to respond calmly under pressure. 64. Speculate – Membuat andaian We can only speculate about the cause. 65. Strengthen – Menguatkan Practice can strengthen your confidence. 66. Summarise – Menyimpulkan Let me summarise what I’ve said. 67. Support – Menyokong I support your opinion completely. 68. Sustain – Mengekalkan It’s hard to sustain interest without visuals. 69. Transition – Beralih / peralihan Let’s transition to the next point smoothly. 70. Utilise – Menggunakan Try to utilise relevant examples in your answer. 71. Validate – Mengesahkan Can you validate your statement? 72. Vary – Memelbagaikan / berubah-ubah You should vary your tone during speaking. 73. Verify – Mengesahkan We need to verify the source. 74. Visualise – Membayangkan Try to visualise the situation in your mind. 75. Warrant – Membenarkan / mewajarkan Your response does not warrant such anger. 76. Amplify – Menguatkan (suara / mesej) Use visuals to amplify your message. 77. Clarify – Menjelaskan Let me clarify what I meant earlier. 78. Debrief – Memberi ulasan selepas sesuatu We’ll debrief after the discussion ends. 79. Defend – Mempertahankan How do you defend that decision? 80. Delve – Menyelami (sesuatu isu dengan mendalam) Let’s delve deeper into this topic. 81. Deny – Menafikan He denied all accusations. 82. Depict – Menggambarkan The article depicts the reality of poverty. 83. Dictate – Menentukan / memerintah You shouldn’t let others dictate your opinion. 84. Disclose – Mendedahkan She refused to disclose the full details. 85. Endorse – Menyokong secara terbuka Many experts endorse this approach. 86. Enlighten – Mencerahkan (pemahaman) The talk enlightened me about the issue. 87. Entail – Memerlukan / melibatkan This task entails a lot of planning. 88. Exaggerate – Melebih-lebihkan Try not to exaggerate your points. 89. Exemplify – Menjadi contoh Her actions exemplify great leadership. 90. Foresee – Menjangka We foresee an increase in demand. 91. Formulate – Merangka / membentuk Let’s formulate a solid argument. 92. Imply – Menyiratkan Are you implying that I’m wrong? 93. Incorporate – Menggabungkan Try to incorporate real-life examples. 94. Intervene – Campur tangan Should the teacher intervene in group disputes? 95. Negotiate – Berunding We need to negotiate a better deal. 96. Outline – Menggariskan He outlined the key strategies clearly. 97. Portray – Memaparkan / menggambarkan The video portrays the issue accurately. 98. Refrain – Menahan diri Please refrain from interrupting others. 99. Resolve – Menyelesaikan How do we resolve this conflict?

vocab c1 1. Advocate – Menyokong Many students advocate for better mental health support. 2. Allocate – Mengagihkan The government should allocate more funds to education. 3. Ameliorate – Menambah baik We must ameliorate the situation before it worsens. 4. Assertive – Tegas dalam menyatakan pandangan Being assertive helps during discussions. 5. Contribute – Menyumbang Everyone should contribute to the group task. 6. Detrimental – Membahayakan / negatif Lack of sleep is detrimental to performance. 7. Feasible – Boleh dilaksanakan That idea is feasible and practical. 8. Hinder – Menghalang Stress can hinder our ability to think. 9. Implement – Melaksanakan The plan will be implemented next week. 10. Justify – Membenarkan How can you justify that action? 11. Neglect – Mengabaikan We must not neglect our responsibilities. 12. Pivotal – Sangat penting Education is a pivotal aspect of development. 13. Prominent – Terserlah She’s a prominent speaker at this event. 14. Reinforce – Menguatkan Use statistics to reinforce your point. 15. Substantiate – Membuktikan Please substantiate your claims with facts. 16. Accommodate – Menyesuaikan We should accommodate various opinions. 17. Articulate – Meluahkan dengan jelas He articulated his ideas clearly. 18. Compelling – Meyakinkan Her speech was compelling and emotional. 19. Contradict – Bercanggah Your words contradict your actions. 20. Convey – Menyampaikan Good speakers convey messages clearly. 21. Deliberate – Dengan sengaja / terancang It was a deliberate strategy. 22. Emphasise – Menekankan I want to emphasise the importance of unity. 23. Engage – Melibatkan diri Try to engage with the audience. 24. Highlight – Menonjolkan She highlighted the key issues. 25. Illustrate – Menjelaskan / memberi contoh Let me illustrate that with a story. 26. Inquire – Bertanya / menyiasat May I inquire about the reason behind your choice? 27. Moderate – Mengawal / menyeimbangkan Please moderate your tone during discussion. 28. Outline – Menggariskan isi penting Let me outline the main ideas first. 29. Persuade – Memujuk / meyakinkan He tried to persuade the panel to agree. 30. Reiterate – Menegaskan semula I would like to reiterate my main point. 31. Acknowledge – Mengakui He acknowledged her contribution to the project. 32. Adapt – Menyesuaikan diri Students must adapt to new learning styles. 33. Anticipate – Menjangka We must anticipate possible problems. 34. Collaborate – Bekerjasama Let’s collaborate to complete this task. 35. Comprehensive – Menyeluruh Your answer must be comprehensive. 36. Conscientious – Teliti / berhati-hati She’s a conscientious speaker who prepares well. 37. Considerable – Agak besar / penting He made a considerable effort to improve. 38. Credible – Boleh dipercayai That’s a credible news source. 39. Debatable – Boleh dipertikaikan Your point is debatable. 40. Demonstrate – Menunjukkan He demonstrated strong leadership. 41. Devote – Menumpukan (masa/tenaga) You should devote more time to practice. 42. Distinguish – Membezakan Can you distinguish fact from opinion? 43. Effective – Berkesan That method is very effective. 44. Elaborate – Menghuraikan Could you elaborate on that idea? 45. Evaluate – Menilai We need to evaluate all options. 46. Fluctuate – Berubah-ubah Confidence can fluctuate during exams. 47. Generate – Menjana We need to generate more solutions. 48. Impress – Memberi kesan She impressed the judges with her speech. 49. Indicate – Menunjukkan The data indicates a rising trend. 50. Inspire – Memberi inspirasi Her story inspired many students Interpret – Mentafsir How do you interpret this result? 52. Maintain – Mengekalkan It’s hard to maintain fluency without practice. 53. Navigate – Mengemudi / mengawal Learn to navigate through challenging questions. 54. Observe – Memerhati The speaker observed the audience’s reactions. 55. Oppose – Menentang Some members oppose the new regulation. 56. Perceive – Mentafsir / melihat Not everyone perceives success the same way. 57. Plagiarise – Meniru karya orang lain

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Fonetik & Fonologi Semester 1📘 Bunyi Diftong Bunyi Diftong bahasa Melayu ada tiga : [aj] [aw] [oj] Contoh transkripsi : [gu.laj] [pu.law] [am.boj] *Diftong ialah bunyi geluncuran. Keadaan lidah berubah secara pantas daripada vokal rendah (a & o) kepada vokal tinggi (i & u). Oleh itu, keadaan ini dinamakan sebagai geluncuran lidah. Dalam simbol fonetik berdasarkan International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), transkripsi untuk diftong ialah w dan j seperti dalam contoh di atas bagi penyesuaian dengan sukatan baharu.