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What are Chemical Weapons? A Chemical Weapon is a chemical used to cause intentional death or harm through its toxic properties. Munitions, devices and other equipment specifically designed to weaponize toxic chemicals also fall under the definition of chemical weapons. What is International Law regarding Use of Chemical Weapons? Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is a multilateral treaty banning chemical weapons and requiring their destruction within the stipulated time. Negotiations for the CWC began in 1980 at the United Nations Conference on Disarmament. The convention was drafted in September 1992 and opened for signature in January 1993. It became effective from April 1997. It makes it mandatory to destroy old and abandoned chemical weapons. Members should also declare the riot-control agents (sometimes referred to as ‘tear gas’) in possession of them. India signed the treaty in January 1993. The Chemical Weapons Convention Act, 2000 was passed to implement the CWC. Convention Prohibits: The development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, or retention of chemical weapons. Transferring of chemical weapons. Using chemical weapons. Assisting other States to indulge in activities that are prohibited by the CWC. Using riot-control devices as ‘warfare methods’. Note :- Phosphorus Bombs - International law prohibits the use of white phosphorus shells in heavily populated civilian areas, but allows them in open spaces to be used as cover for troops.

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