Evaluator IAS - RAS 2024

RAS Mains Exam - 17 and 18 June 2025

🌍 मानव विकास सूचकांक (HDI): 📝 यह अवधारणा 1990 में महबूब-उल-हक द्वारा शुरू की गई, जिसमें तीन मुख्य घटक 📊 शामिल हैं - जीवन प्रत्याशा सूचकांक, शिक्षा सूचकांक और आय सूचकांक**। 👶 जीवन प्रत्याशा सूचकांक**: जन्म के समय औसत जीवन प्रत्याशा को मापता है 🍼। 📘 शिक्षा सूचकांक: इसमें दो घटक 📚 शामिल हैं - औसत शिक्षा के वर्ष 🏫 और अनुमानित शिक्षा के वर्ष 🎓। 💰 आय सूचकांक: जीवन स्तर को मापता है, जिसमें प्रति व्यक्ति वास्तविक जीडीपी 💵 और प्रति व्यक्ति सकल राष्ट्रीय आय 🏦 को देखा जाता है। 📈 HDI मान: 0 (सबसे खराब) से 1 (सबसे अच्छा) 🌟 तक होता है, श्रेणियां इस प्रकार हैं: - 🌟 बहुत उच्च: (≥0.800) - 🟢 उच्च: (0.700–0.799) - 🟡 मध्यम: (0.550–0.699) - 🔴 निम्न: (<0.550)। 📅 2023-24 रैंकिंग: UNDP द्वारा हर साल जारी 📖, भारत 🇮🇳 134वें स्थान पर (HDI 0.644)। - 🥇 सबसे ऊंचा: स्विट्ज़रलैंड 🇨🇭 (HDI 0.967) - 🥈 नॉर्वे 🇳🇴 (HDI 0.966) - 🥉 आइसलैंड 🇮🇸 (HDI 0.959) - 🏅 हांगकांग 🇭🇰 (HDI 0.956) - डेनमार्क 🇩🇰 और स्वीडन 🇸🇪 (HDI 0.952)। - 🥀 सबसे कम: सोमालिया 🇸🇴। 📊 HDI में शीर्ष देश: 1️⃣ स्विट्ज़रलैंड 🇨🇭: HDI 0.967 🌟 2️⃣ नॉर्वे 🇳🇴: HDI 0.966 🌟 3️⃣ आइसलैंड 🇮🇸: HDI 0.959 🌟 4️⃣ हांगकांग 🇭🇰: HDI 0.956 🌟 5️⃣ डेनमार्क और स्वीडन 🇩🇰🇸🇪: HDI 0.952 🌟।

🌍 Human Development Index (HDI): 📝 Concept introduced in 1990 by Mahboob-ul-Haq, HDI includes three variables 📊 - Life Expectancy Index, Education Index, and Income Index. 👶 Life Expectancy Index: Measures life expectancy at birth 🍼. 📘 Education Index: Includes two components 📚 - Average Years of Schooling 🏫 & Estimated Years of Schooling 🎓. 💰 Income Index: Measures standard of living using real GDP per capita 💵 & Gross National Income per capita 🏦. 📈 HDI Values: Ranges from 0 (worst) to 1 (best) 🌟, categorized as: - 🌟 Very High: (≥0.800) - 🟢 High: (0.700–0.799) - 🟡 Moderate: (0.550–0.699) - 🔴 Low: (<0.550). 📅 2023-24 Rankings: Released annually by UNDP 📖, India 🇮🇳 ranks 134th (HDI 0.644). - 🥇 Highest: Switzerland 🇨🇭 (HDI 0.967) - 🥈 Norway 🇳🇴 (HDI 0.966) - 🥉 Iceland 🇮🇸 (HDI 0.959) - 🏅 Hong Kong 🇭🇰 (HDI 0.956) - Denmark 🇩🇰 & Sweden 🇸🇪 (HDI 0.952). - 🥀 Lowest: Somalia 🇸🇴. 📊 Top Countries by HDI: 1️⃣ Switzerland 🇨🇭: HDI 0.967 🌟 2️⃣ Norway 🇳🇴: HDI 0.966 🌟 3️⃣ Iceland 🇮🇸: HDI 0.959 🌟 4️⃣ Hong Kong 🇭🇰: HDI 0.956 🌟 5️⃣ Denmark & Sweden 🇩🇰🇸🇪: HDI 0.952 🌟.

🌾 Classifications of Soils in Rajasthan 🌾 (i) Sandy Soil: Found in Barmer, Jaisalmer, Churu, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Jalore, Pali, Nagaur, Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh; three types – 🟤 Red Sandy Soil: Nagaur, Jodhpur, Jalore, Pali, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, 🟡 Yellow-Brown Sandy Soil: Pali, Nagaur, Jalore, foothills of western Aravalli, high humus, suitable for horticulture, 🧂 Saline-Sodic Soil: Depressions in Jalore, Barmer, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Sri Ganganagar, called "NEHAD or NEHAR" in Sanchor (Jalore); sensitive to wind erosion, low nitrogen, high calcium salt. (ii) Brown-Sandy Soil: Found in Rajasthan Bangar region – Barmer, Jalore, Jodhpur, Sirohi, Pali, Nagaur, Sikar, Jhunjhunu; 🌾 crops – sorghum, millet, green gram; high nitrogen and phosphorus, suitable for pulses; lime layer at 90-150 cm called hardpan. (iii) Red-Yellow Soil: Covers Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, Bhilwara, Tonk, Ajmer; 🔴 red due to ferrous oxide; formed by disintegration of granite, gneiss, schist; lacks nitrogen, calcium, carbonic elements, humus. (iv) Red-Loamy/Alluvial Soil: Found in Udaipur division (Banswara, Pratapgarh, Dungarpur), south-central Udaipur; 🔴 red due to red oxide; formed from ancient metamorphic rocks; fine particles, high water retention; lacks nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium; high ferrous, potash; 🌽 suitable for maize farming. (v) Mixed Red-Black Soil: Found in Udaipur, Rajsamand, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Banswara; mixture of black soil (Malwa Plateau) and red soil; lacks phosphate, nitrogen, calcium, carbonic elements. (vi) Medium Black Soil: Found in southeastern Rajasthan – Jhalawar, Bundi, Baran, Kota; mixture of black and alluvial soil; lacks phosphate, nitrogen, organic elements; high calcium, potash; suitable for 🌾 cotton, soybean, opium, orange; fine particles, high water retention. (vii) Alluvial Soil: Found in eastern Rajasthan – Bharatpur, Dholpur, Dausa, Jaipur, Tonk, Karauli, Sawai Madhopur (Banganga plains); fertile, light red, low zinc, excess calcium, salinity issues with excess irrigation; suitable for wheat, rice, 🌾 cotton, barley, sorghum, mustard. (viii) Brown-Alluvial Soil: Found near Banas basin in Bhilwara, Ajmer, Tonk, Sawai Madhopur; suitable for 🌾 barley; lacks nitrogen, phosphorus. (ix) Brown-Sandy Alluvial Soil: Found in northern Alwar, Bharatpur, middle Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh; fast water outflow, lacks lime, phosphorus, humus; 🌾 crops – mustard, cotton, horticulture with irrigation. (x) Hilly (Rocky) Soil: Found on Aravalli slopes in Sirohi, Udaipur, Rajsamand, Dungarpur, Chittorgarh, Ajmer, Bhilwara; shallow depth, unsuitable for agriculture; shifting cultivation; 🌽 maize produced; alkaline in nature.

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1. Research on Tribes: - Heidelberg University (Germany) researching lifestyles of Kalbeliya, Bhopa, Raika-Rebari tribes. - Selected members from Pushkar (Kalbeliya, Bhopa) and Pali (Raika-Rebari) invited annually for lectures. - Focus: Healing traditions, stress-relief techniques, and traditional medical practices. 2. Rajasthan Royals (IPL): - Rahul Dravid appointed head coach. - Former captain & mentor (2011-2015). 3. Nursing Excellence: - Radhelal Sharma (SMS Hospital) awarded Florence Nightingale Award by President Droupadi Murmu (11 September 2024, Rashtrapati Bhavan). 4. New Districts Committee: - Madan Dilawar (Justice Minister) appointed chairman (18 September 2024). - Replacing Dy. CM Premchand Bairwa. - Committee members retained: Rajyavardhan Rathore, Kanhaiyalal Chaudhary, Hemant Meena, Suresh Rawat. - Lalit K. Panwar Committee submitted report on new districts (30 August 2024). 5. Rajasthan Police Award: - Selected for "Doing Good for India Award 2024" under governance & public service category. - Recognized for innovations in community policing. - Award ceremony: 16-18 October 2024, New Delhi (11th CSR & ESG Summit). 6. Political Updates: - Congress MLA Zuber Khan (Ramgarh, Alwar) passed away (14 September 2024). - Congress MLA count reduced to 65. - Total 7 vacant seats in Rajasthan Assembly due to MLA deaths and MP promotions.

- Defense Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated a Sainik School at Bhawani Niketan College, Jaipur (23 September 2024). - Jaipur's first Sainik School under PPP mode. - Attendees: Dy. CM Diya Kumari, Education Minister Madan Dilawar, and Sainik Welfare Minister Rajyavardhan Rathore. - Details: - Rajasthan's 1st: Chittorgarh, 2nd: Jhunjhunu, 3rd: Jaipur (PPP mode). - 60% seats reserved locally; 40% allotted by Central Govt. - Admission through NTA exam. - Mohana Singh: - First Indian woman fighter pilot to fly LCA Tejas. - Flew Tejas in "Tarang Shakti" exercise, Jodhpur. - From Papda village, Udaipurwati, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan. - Part of the first group of women fighter pilots with Bhawana Kanth & Avani Chaturvedi. 2. Awards and Achievements: - Rajasthan awarded National E-Governance (Gold) Award 2024 at the 27th National E-Governance Conference (4 September 2024, Mumbai). - Recognized for using AI & tele-radiology to identify silicosis cases. - Developed auto-approval DBT portal for affected individuals. - Presented by Central Govt. Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances.