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- Event: VISV-2026 - Full Form: Vision, Innovation, Synergy, Values - Inaugurated By: Sanjay Seth - Position: Union MoS for Defence - Venue: Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi - Theme: Showcasing Defence Capabilities, Strengthening Global Partnerships - Organiser: DRDO - Partner: CENJOWS - Four Pillars: Vision, Innovation, Synergy, Values - National Vision: Viksit Bharat 2047 - Compendium Languages: Arabic, Spanish, French - CENJOWS Raised: 27 August 2007 - CENJOWS Headquarters: New Delhi 7. Exam Takeaway Union Minister of State for Defence Sanjay Seth inaugurated VISV-2026 at the Manekshaw Centre in New Delhi in October 2026. Organised by DRDO in partnership with CENJOWS, the event was held under the theme “Showcasing Defence Capabilities, Strengthening Global Partnerships.” A foreign-language compendium of DRDO products in Arabic, Spanish and French was also released to promote India's indigenous defence technologies internationally.

SUMMARY: VISV-2026 Inaugurated by Union MoS Sanjay Seth at Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi 1. Important Overview - Event: विश्व-2026 (VISV-2026) - Full Form: Vision, Innovation, Synergy, Values - Inaugurated By: Sanjay Seth - Position: Union Minister of State for Defence - Ministry: Ministry of Defence - Month: October 2026 - Venue: Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi - Theme: “Showcasing Defence Capabilities, Strengthening Global Partnerships” - Organised By: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) - In Partnership With: Centre for Joint Warfare Studies (CENJOWS) - Main Objective: Promote indigenous defence technologies, self-reliance and international defence partnerships. 2. About VISV-2026 VISV-2026 stands for Vision, Innovation, Synergy and Values. The event aimed to showcase India's indigenous defence capabilities and strengthen cooperation with international partners. Four Pillars of VISV-2026 1. Vision: Promoting a long-term strategic outlook for India's defence sector. 2. Innovation: Encouraging indigenous defence research and technological development. 3. Synergy: Strengthening cooperation among defence stakeholders and international partners. 4. Values: Promoting national priorities and responsible defence development. - The event's four pillars were aligned with the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047. - It focused on defence self-reliance and strengthening India's global defence partnerships. 3. Important Publication Released - Union MoS Sanjay Seth released a foreign-language compendium of DRDO products. - The compendium was published in three foreign languages: 1. Arabic 2. Spanish 3. French - Objective: To promote India's indigenous defence technologies and products among international partners. 4. Organisations Associated with VISV-2026 A. Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) - Full Form: Defence Research and Development Organisation. - Ministry: Ministry of Defence. - Role: India's principal organisation for defence research and development. - It develops indigenous defence technologies, systems and equipment for India's armed forces. B. Centre for Joint Warfare Studies (CENJOWS) - Full Form: Centre for Joint Warfare Studies. - Established / Raised: 27 August 2007. - Nature: Indian tri-service defence think tank. - Registration: Societies Registration Act, 1860. - Administrative Association: Ministry of Defence. - Headquarters: New Delhi, Delhi. - Main Role: Research and studies related to joint warfare and defence matters involving India's three armed services. 5. Important One-Liners for Competitive Exams 1. What is VISV-2026? Vision, Innovation, Synergy, Values. 2. Who inaugurated VISV-2026? Union Minister of State for Defence Sanjay Seth. 3. When was VISV-2026 inaugurated? October 2026. 4. Where was VISV-2026 held? Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi. 5. What was the theme of VISV-2026? “Showcasing Defence Capabilities, Strengthening Global Partnerships”. 6. Which organisation organised VISV-2026? DRDO. 7. Which organisation partnered with DRDO for the event? CENJOWS. 8. What are the four pillars of VISV-2026? Vision, Innovation, Synergy and Values. 9. VISV-2026 was aligned with which national vision? Viksit Bharat 2047. 10. Which publication was released by Sanjay Seth? Foreign-language compendium of DRDO products. 11. In which languages was the DRDO compendium released? Arabic, Spanish and French. 12. What was the objective of the foreign-language compendium? To promote India's indigenous defence technologies among international partners. 13. When was CENJOWS raised? 27 August 2007. 14. What is the nature of CENJOWS? Indian tri-service defence think tank. 15. Under which Act is CENJOWS registered? Societies Registration Act, 1860. 16. Where is CENJOWS headquartered? New Delhi. 17. Which ministry is associated with CENJOWS? Ministry of Defence. 6. Quick Revision

4. Post-Supply Discount: A discount granted by a supplier after the supply of goods or services. 5. GST Credit Note: A document issued by a supplier to reduce the taxable value or tax liability of a supply, subject to statutory conditions. 6. Inverted Duty Structure: A situation in which the GST rate on inputs is higher than the GST rate on the final output supply. 7. Provisional Refund: A refund released provisionally before final verification, subject to statutory conditions. 6. About the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) - Full Form: Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs. - Administrative Ministry: Ministry of Finance. - Department: Department of Revenue. - Headquarters: New Delhi, India. - Established: 1964. - Chairman: Vivek Chaturvedi (as stated in the supplied report). CBIC is responsible for administering indirect taxes and customs-related matters, including GST, customs duties and central excise. 7. Important One-Liners for Competitive Exams 1. Which organisation notified the key GST amendments under the Finance Act, 2026? CBIC. 2. When did the specified GST amendments become effective? 1 November 2026. 3. Under which Act were the amendments introduced? Finance Act, 2026. 4. Under which provision was the commencement notification issued? Section 1(2)(b) of the Finance Act, 2026. 5. Which section deals with post-supply discounts? Section 15(3)(b). 6. Which condition is required for excluding eligible post-supply discounts from the value of supply? Issuance of a credit note and reversal of corresponding ITC by the recipient. 7. Which CGST Act provision deals with credit notes? Section 34(1). 8. Which section extends provisional refunds to eligible inverted duty structure claims? Section 54(6). 9. What percentage of eligible refunds can be released provisionally? 90%. 10. Within how many days can the provisional refund be released? 7 days, subject to conditions. 11. Which section removes the ₹1,000 minimum refund restriction for tax paid on exported goods? Section 54(14). 12. Does removal of the ₹1,000 threshold apply to all GST refund categories? No. 13. Which Union Budget proposed these GST amendments? Union Budget 2026–27. 14. When was Union Budget 2026–27 presented? 1 February 2026. 15. Who presented Union Budget 2026–27? Nirmala Sitharaman. 16. What is the full form of CBIC? Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs. 17. CBIC functions under which ministry? Ministry of Finance. 18. In which year was CBIC established? 1964. 19. Where is the headquarters of CBIC? New Delhi. 20. What is the full form of ITC? Input Tax Credit. 8. Quick Revision - Notifying Authority: CBIC - Act: Finance Act, 2026 - Effective Date: 1 November 2026 - Post-Supply Discounts: Section 15(3)(b) - Credit Notes: Section 34(1) of CGST Act, 2017 - Provisional Refunds: Section 54(6) - Provisional Refund Percentage: 90% - Provisional Refund Timeline: 7 days - Export Refund Minimum Threshold: ₹1,000 restriction removed for specified exports - Union Budget: 2026–27 - Budget Presentation Date: 1 February 2026 - Finance Minister: Nirmala Sitharaman - CBIC Headquarters: New Delhi - CBIC Established: 1964 9. Exam Takeaway CBIC notified important GST amendments under the Finance Act, 2026, effective from 1 November 2026. The changes cover post-supply discounts under Section 15(3)(b), provisional refunds of 90% within 7 days for eligible inverted duty structure claims under Section 54(6), and removal of the ₹1,000 minimum refund restriction for tax paid on exported goods under Section 54(14). The amendments aim to simplify compliance and improve business liquidity.

SUMMARY: CBIC Notifies Key GST Changes under Finance Act, 2026 Effective from 1 November 2026 1. Important Overview - Organisation: Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) - Ministry: Ministry of Finance - Department: Department of Revenue - Notification Issued: October 2026 - Effective Date: 1 November 2026 - Legislation: Finance Act, 2026 - Key Area: Goods and Services Tax (GST) - Main Objective: Simplify GST compliance, improve liquidity for businesses and provide relief to exporters. - CBIC Chairman: Vivek Chaturvedi (as stated in the supplied report) - CBIC Headquarters: New Delhi - Year of Establishment: 1964 2. Background of GST Amendments - The GST amendments were proposed in the Union Budget 2026–27. - The Union Budget was presented on 1 February 2026. - Finance Minister: Nirmala Sitharaman. - In October 2026, CBIC issued a notification under Section 1(2)(b) of the Finance Act, 2026. - The notification appointed 1 November 2026 as the effective date for the specified GST amendments. 3. Key GST Changes Effective from 1 November 2026 The major changes relate to post-supply discounts, provisional refunds under the inverted duty structure and removal of the minimum refund threshold for certain exports. A. Post-Supply Discounts - The amended Section 15(3)(b) provides for excluding eligible post-supply discounts from the value of supply. - The supplier must issue a GST credit note. - The recipient must reverse the corresponding Input Tax Credit (ITC). - Prior agreement between the supplier and recipient is no longer required under the amended provision. - Strict invoice-wise linkage is also not required, according to the supplied report. Objective: Simplify the treatment of post-supply discounts and reduce compliance difficulties for businesses. B. Credit Notes - The provisions relating to credit notes have been aligned with Section 34(1) of the Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) Act, 2017. - Post-supply discounts are explicitly covered as a valid ground for issuing GST credit notes. Key Point: A credit note is a document issued by a supplier to reduce the value of a supply or the tax charged, subject to applicable GST conditions. C. Provisional Refunds under Inverted Duty Structure - The amended Section 54(6) extends the provisional refund mechanism to eligible claims under the Inverted Duty Structure (IDS). - Eligible businesses can receive 90% of the eligible refund provisionally within 7 days, subject to prescribed conditions. Meaning of Inverted Duty Structure: An inverted duty structure arises when the GST rate on inputs is higher than the GST rate applicable to the final output supply. Objective: - Improve liquidity for businesses. - Reduce the waiting period for eligible refunds. - Ease working-capital pressure. - Support businesses facing accumulated input tax credit. D. Removal of Minimum Export Refund Limit - The amended Section 54(14) removes the minimum refund restriction of ₹1,000 for tax paid on goods exported out of India. - This change benefits small exporters who may have refund claims below ₹1,000. - The relaxation is limited to the specified export refund category. - It does not apply to other categories of GST refunds. 4. Important Comparison of GST Changes GST Provision| Amendment| Key Benefit Section 15(3)(b)| Post-supply discounts can be excluded from value of supply subject to conditions| Easier discount treatment Section 34(1), CGST Act| Credit-note provisions explicitly cover post-supply discounts| Clearer credit-note framework Section 54(6)| Provisional refunds extended to eligible inverted duty structure claims| 90% provisional refund within 7 days Section 54(14)| Removal of ₹1,000 minimum refund restriction for tax paid on exported goods| Relief for small exporters 5. Important Terms 1. CBIC: Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs. 2. GST: Goods and Services Tax. 3. ITC: Input Tax Credit. Credit available to a registered taxpayer for GST paid on eligible business purchases, subject to applicable conditions.

- Champion: P.V. Sindhu - Runner-up: Line Kjaersfeldt - Country of Runner-up: Denmark - Tournament: Hylo Open 2026 - Date: 1 November 2026 - Final Score: 21-12, 21-14 - Tournament Category: Super 500 - Sindhu's 2026 Titles: 2 - Final Appearances in 2026: 3 - Coach: Irwansyah - Strength and Conditioning Coach: Wayne Lombard - Special Shot Highlighted: Backhand lob 7. Exam Takeaway P.V. Sindhu won her second title of 2026 by defeating Denmark's Line Kjaersfeldt 21-12, 21-14 in the women's singles final of the Hylo Open on 1 November 2026. The BWF World Tour Super 500 victory highlighted Sindhu's improved tactical variation, court positioning and creative shot selection. She credited coach Irwansyah and dedicated the victory to her Strength and Conditioning coach, Wayne Lombard.

SUMMARY: P.V. Sindhu Wins Second Title of 2026 at Hylo Open with Creative Gameplay 1. Important Overview - Player: P.V. Sindhu - Country: India - Achievement: Won the women's singles title at the Hylo Open 2026. - Opponent in Final: Line Kjaersfeldt (Denmark) - Final Score: 21-12, 21-14 - Final Date: 1 November 2026 - Tournament: Hylo Open 2026 - Tournament Category: BWF World Tour Super 500 - Achievement in 2026: Second tournament title and third final appearance. - Coach: Irwansyah - Strength and Conditioning Coach: Wayne Lombard 2. Sindhu Defeats Line Kjaersfeldt in Final - Indian badminton star P.V. Sindhu defeated Denmark's Line Kjaersfeldt in straight games to win the women's singles title. - Final score: 21-12, 21-14. - The victory marked Sindhu's second tournament title of 2026 and her third final appearance of the year. - She controlled rallies through: - Cross-court smashes. - Effective net attacks. - Well-placed drop shots. - Tactical variation and accurate court placement. Notable Moment in the Final - One of the most impressive shots was a backhand lob played over Kjaersfeldt's head. - The shot demonstrated Sindhu's anticipation, wrist control and ability to use the court effectively. - Her tactical variation restricted her opponent's opportunities to control rallies. 3. Creative Gameplay and Tactical Improvement Sindhu has traditionally been known for her power and persistence. Her recent development has placed greater emphasis on creativity, court positioning and tactical decision-making. Major Areas of Improvement 1. Shot Variation: Greater use of different attacking and defensive shots. 2. Court Positioning: Better use of court geometry to create attacking opportunities. 3. Reflexes and Reactions: Focused improvement through training. 4. Defensive Confidence: Improved ability to handle difficult rallies. 5. Patience: Maintaining composure and selecting the right moment to attack. 6. Tactical Decision-Making: Making smarter decisions during crucial points. Role of Coach Irwansyah - Sindhu has worked under coach Irwansyah. - Her training has focused on improving reflexes, reactions and defensive confidence. - Greater tactical variation has helped her become more effective during rallies. - According to the supplied report, these improvements contributed to her return to the world's Top 10 over the preceding six months. 4. Sindhu Credits Her Team After Victory - After winning the title, Sindhu credited her support team for its planning and preparation. - She highlighted the importance of making smarter decisions and remaining calm while continuing to improve. - She dedicated the victory to her Strength and Conditioning coach, Wayne Lombard. - The final coincided with Lombard's birthday. - Sindhu described the title as a birthday gift to him and planned to celebrate the achievement with her family. 5. Important One-Liners for Competitive Exams 1. Who won the women's singles title at the Hylo Open 2026? P.V. Sindhu. 2. Whom did P.V. Sindhu defeat in the final? Line Kjaersfeldt of Denmark. 3. What was the final score? 21-12, 21-14. 4. When was the Hylo Open 2026 women's singles final played? 1 November 2026. 5. What was Sindhu's second achievement in 2026? Her second tournament title of the year. 6. How many finals did Sindhu reach in 2026, according to the report? Three. 7. What was the category of the Hylo Open 2026? BWF World Tour Super 500. 8. Who is Sindhu's coach? Irwansyah. 9. Who is her Strength and Conditioning coach? Wayne Lombard. 10. Which special shot did Sindhu use over Kjaersfeldt's head? Backhand lob. 11. Which playing techniques helped Sindhu control the final? Cross-court smashes, net attacks and drop shots. 12. What was the notable improvement in Sindhu's playing style? Greater creativity and tactical variation. 13. Which world ranking milestone did Sindhu achieve over the preceding six months? Returned to the world's Top 10, according to the supplied report. 6. Quick Revision

Year| Award Winner| Organisation / Initiative| State 2022| Sethrichem Sangtam| Better Life Foundation| Nagaland 2023| Deenanath Rajput| Bhoomgadi Mahila Krishi Utpadak Sangathan| Chhattisgarh 2024| Anil Pradhan| Young Tinker Foundation| Odisha 2025| Vidhya Parshuramkar| Agrozee Organics - Millets Now| Maharashtra 2026| Prashant Chaudhary| CodeYogi Foundation| Uttar Pradesh 7. Who Was Dr Rohini Nayyar? - Dr Rohini Nayyar was an eminent Indian economist and administrator. - She worked extensively in the fields of rural development and public policy. - She was associated with the design of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). - She passed away in 2021. - The Rohini Nayyar Prize was established by her family to continue her contribution to rural development and improving rural livelihoods. 8. Important One-Liners for Competitive Exams 1. Who won the 5th Rohini Nayyar Prize in 2026? Prashant Chaudhary. 2. Which organisation was founded by Prashant Chaudhary? CodeYogi Foundation. 3. For which field is the Rohini Nayyar Prize awarded? Outstanding contribution to rural development. 4. What is the age criterion for the award? Individuals below 40 years. 5. Who presented the 2026 award? Amitabh Kant. 6. When was the award presented? 31 October 2026. 7. Where was the award ceremony held? New Delhi. 8. What is the cash prize? ₹10 lakh. 9. To which organisation will Prashant Chaudhary donate the prize money? CodeYogi Foundation. 10. How many students has CodeYogi reached? More than 3.5 lakh. 11. Across how many states does CodeYogi operate, according to the report? 9 states. 12. Across how many districts has CodeYogi reached students? 120 districts. 13. Where was CodeYogi's 2023 pilot project conducted? Dewas, Madhya Pradesh. 14. How many students participated in the 2023 pilot? 16,500. 15. What is the duration of CodeYogi's applied AI fluency programme? 30 days. 16. How many students registered for the applied AI programme? More than 1 lakh. 17. What percentage of participants in the AI programme were girls? 48.6%. 18. What percentage of participants relied exclusively on smartphones? 95%. 19. From which institution did Prashant Chaudhary graduate in 2010? IIT Delhi. 20. Which company did he establish in 2016? DevsLane. 21. When did he begin teaching coding? 2012. 22. What is CodeYogi's target for March 2027? Reach 1 million learners. 23. At which class does CodeYogi begin its programme? Class 9. 24. Who was Dr Rohini Nayyar? An Indian economist and administrator associated with rural development and public policy. 25. Which major rural employment law was Dr Rohini Nayyar associated with? MGNREGA. 9. Quick Revision - 2026 Rohini Nayyar Prize Winner: Prashant Chaudhary - Organisation: CodeYogi Foundation - Award Edition: 5th - Award Date: 31 October 2026 - Award Presented By: Amitabh Kant - Prize Money: ₹10 lakh - Students Reached: 3.5 lakh+ - States Covered: 9 - Districts Covered: 120 - AI Programme Duration: 30 days - AI Programme Registrations: 1 lakh+ - Future Target: 1 million learners by March 2027 - Award Named After: Dr Rohini Nayyar - Associated Rural Employment Act: MGNREGA 10. Exam Takeaway Prashant Chaudhary, founder of the CodeYogi Foundation, received the 5th Rohini Nayyar Prize for Outstanding Contribution to Rural Development in 2026. Presented by Amitabh Kant on 31 October 2026 in New Delhi, the award carries ₹10 lakh. CodeYogi has reached more than 3.5 lakh students across 9 states and 120 districts through technology and AI education.

SUMMARY: Prashant Chaudhary Wins 5th Rohini Nayyar Prize for Rural Development 2026 1. Important Overview - Award: Rohini Nayyar Prize for Outstanding Contribution to Rural Development - Edition: 5th - Year: 2026 - Winner: Prashant Chaudhary - Organisation: CodeYogi Foundation - Award Presented By: Amitabh Kant - Date: 31 October 2026 - Venue: New Delhi - Award Amount: ₹10 lakh - Field: Rural Development and Technology Education - Key Achievement: Provided technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) training to more than 3.5 lakh students across 9 states and 120 districts. 2. Rohini Nayyar Prize 2026: Key Details - The fifth Rohini Nayyar Prize was awarded to Prashant Chaudhary, founder of the CodeYogi Foundation. - The award recognises outstanding contributions to rural development by individuals below 40 years of age. - The award ceremony was held in New Delhi on 31 October 2026. - It was presented by Amitabh Kant, former CEO of NITI Aayog and India's G20 Sherpa. - The prize carries a cash award of ₹10 lakh. - Chaudhary announced that he would donate the entire prize money to the CodeYogi Foundation. - The award honours the contribution of Dr Rohini Nayyar to rural development and public policy. 3. CodeYogi Foundation and Digital Skills Education CodeYogi Foundation was founded by Prashant Chaudhary to make technology education accessible to students from underserved communities. Major Achievements - Reached more than 3.5 lakh students. - Expanded its programmes across 9 states and 120 districts. - Uses family smartphones to provide technology education. - Offers courses in Indian languages. - Focuses on students who face barriers such as: - Limited access to computers and laboratories. - Unreliable electricity. - Limited English-language instruction. Major Developments 2023: Pilot Project - A pilot programme was conducted with 16,500 students in Dewas, Madhya Pradesh. - It demonstrated that students could learn coding through smartphones without requiring computer laboratories. 2024: Expansion - The model expanded to approximately 3.5 lakh learners, according to the supplied report. 30-Day Applied AI Fluency Programme - Following the growth of generative AI, CodeYogi replaced its coding-focused course with a 30-day applied AI fluency programme. - More than 1 lakh students registered for this programme. - Girls accounted for 48.6% of participants. - 95% of participants relied exclusively on smartphones. 4. From IIT Delhi Graduate to Social Entrepreneur Early Life and Education - Prashant Chaudhary grew up in Bhagwanpur village near Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. - He initially faced academic difficulties after moving from a Hindi-medium school to an English-medium school. - His science teacher, Mita Singh, encouraged him through individual attention and confidence-building classroom activities. - Inspired by her support, he became the first person from his village to enter the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi. - He graduated from IIT Delhi in 2010. Professional Journey - 2012: Began teaching coding. - 2016: Founded DevsLane, a software services company. - 2020: Exited DevsLane and used the proceeds to develop CodeYogi as a social-impact initiative. 5. AI Education and Future Goals CodeYogi's applied AI programme focuses on building basic AI awareness and responsible technology use among students. Key Learning Areas 1. Basic AI literacy. 2. Understanding algorithmic bias. 3. Responsible use of AI tools. 4. Using AI to support learning. 5. Maintaining independent thinking and cognitive development. The programme emphasises that AI should support students' learning rather than replace their independent thinking. Future Target - Target: Reach 1 million learners. - Deadline: March 2027. - The foundation also begins its programme at Class 9 to identify and develop students' potential at an early stage. 6. Previous Winners of the Rohini Nayyar Prize

16. How many regular tournament tiers are there in the BWF World Tour? Five. 17. Name the five BWF World Tour tournament categories: Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 and Super 100. 18. What is the season-ending event of the BWF World Tour? BWF World Tour Finals. 7. Quick Revision - Men's Singles Winner: Lakshya Sen - Men's Singles Runner-up: Jonatan Christie - Women's Singles Winner: P.V. Sindhu - Women's Singles Runner-up: Line Kjaersfeldt - Tournament: Hylo Open 2026 - Date: 1 November 2026 - Venue: Saarlandhalle, Saarbrücken, Germany - Category: Super 500 - Prize Money: USD 500,000 - Men's Final Score: 21-17, 21-10 - Women's Final Score: 21-12, 21-14 8. Exam Takeaway Lakshya Sen and P.V. Sindhu won the men's and women's singles titles, respectively, at the Hylo Open 2026, held in Saarbrücken, Germany. Lakshya Sen defeated Jonatan Christie 21-17, 21-10, while Sindhu defeated Line Kjaersfeldt 21-12, 21-14. The tournament was classified as a BWF World Tour Super 500 event with total prize money of USD 500,000.

SUMMARY: Lakshya Sen Wins Hylo Open 2026: First BWF World Tour Title of the Season 1. Important Overview - Tournament: Hylo Open 2026 - Sport: Badminton - Winner (Men's Singles): Lakshya Sen (India) - Runner-up (Men's Singles): Jonatan Christie (Indonesia) - Winner (Women's Singles): P.V. Sindhu (India) - Runner-up (Women's Singles): Line Kjaersfeldt (Denmark) - Final Date: 1 November 2026 - Venue: Saarlandhalle, Saarbrücken, Germany - Tournament Category: BWF World Tour Super 500 - Total Prize Money: USD 500,000 2. Lakshya Sen Defeats Jonatan Christie in Men's Singles Final - Indian badminton player Lakshya Sen won the men's singles title at the Hylo Open 2026. - He defeated Indonesia's Jonatan Christie in straight games. - Final Score: 21-17, 21-10. - Match Duration: 39 minutes. - Jonatan Christie was the fourth seed and defending champion. - It was Lakshya Sen's second Hylo Open title, following his earlier victory in 2019. - His 2019 title came when the tournament was classified as a BWF Super 100 event. - The 2026 victory gave Sen his first BWF World Tour title of the season. - It also ended his year-long title drought. His previous tournament victory was at the Australian Open in November 2025. - Following the final, Sen's head-to-head record against Christie stood at 4-4. 3. P.V. Sindhu Wins Women's Singles Title - Indian badminton star P.V. Sindhu won the women's singles title at the Hylo Open 2026. - She defeated Denmark's Line Kjaersfeldt in the final. - Final Score: 21-12, 21-14. - Sindhu's victory, along with Lakshya Sen's men's singles triumph, gave India both singles titles at the tournament. India's Achievement - Men's Singles Champion: Lakshya Sen - Women's Singles Champion: P.V. Sindhu - Both Indian players won their respective singles finals at the same BWF World Tour event. 4. About the Hylo Open - The Hylo Open is an international badminton tournament organised under the Badminton World Federation (BWF) World Tour. - The 2026 edition was classified as a Super 500 tournament. - Venue: Saarlandhalle, Saarbrücken, Germany. - Prize Money: USD 500,000. Changes in Tournament Category Year| Tournament Category 2018| Super 100 2021| Super 500 2022| Super 300 2026| Super 500 (as stated in the supplied report) 5. BWF World Tour Tournament Categories The BWF World Tour has five regular tournament tiers and a season-ending World Tour Finals event. Five Tournament Tiers 1. Super 1000 2. Super 750 3. Super 500 4. Super 300 5. Super 100 BWF World Tour Finals - The BWF World Tour Finals is the season-ending tournament. - Players earn ranking points according to the tournament category and the round they reach. - A separate season ranking determines qualification for the World Tour Finals. 6. Important One-Liners for Competitive Exams 1. Who won the men's singles title at the Hylo Open 2026? Lakshya Sen. 2. Whom did Lakshya Sen defeat in the final? Jonatan Christie of Indonesia. 3. What was the final score in the men's singles final? 21-17, 21-10. 4. How long did the men's singles final last? 39 minutes. 5. Who won the women's singles title at the Hylo Open 2026? P.V. Sindhu. 6. Whom did P.V. Sindhu defeat in the women's singles final? Line Kjaersfeldt of Denmark. 7. What was the women's singles final score? 21-12, 21-14. 8. Where was the Hylo Open 2026 held? Saarbrücken, Germany. 9. What was the venue of the tournament? Saarlandhalle. 10. When were the finals played? 1 November 2026. 11. What was the category of the Hylo Open 2026? BWF World Tour Super 500. 12. What was the total prize money? USD 500,000. 13. How many Hylo Open titles has Lakshya Sen won? Two, in 2019 and 2026. 14. Which tournament did Lakshya Sen win before the Hylo Open 2026? Australian Open 2025. 15. What was Lakshya Sen's head-to-head record against Jonatan Christie after the final? 4-4.

- Indian record holder: Ishan Kishan - Calendar year: 2026 - Total runs: 1,220 - Matches: 37 - Previous record holder: Suryakumar Yadav - Previous record: 1,164 runs (2022) - Highest score: 103 - Strike rate: 171.58 - Overall world record holder: Karanbir Singh (Austria) - World record tally: 1,488 runs (2025) 8. Exam Takeaway Ishan Kishan became the Indian batter with the highest number of T20I runs in a calendar year by scoring 1,220 runs in 2026, surpassing Suryakumar Yadav's previous record of 1,164 runs in 2022. According to the supplied report, Austria's Karanbir Singh holds the overall calendar-year record with 1,488 runs in 2025.

SUMMARY: Ishan Kishan Sets Indian Record for Most T20I Runs in a Calendar Year 2026 1. Important Overview - Player: Ishan Kishan - Country: India - Achievement: Became the Indian batter with the most runs in T20 Internationals (T20Is) in a calendar year. - Year: 2026 - Runs Scored: 1,220 - Matches: 37 - Record Broken: Suryakumar Yadav's 1,164 runs in 2022. - Record-Breaking Match: Fifth T20I against New Zealand. - Date: 1 November 2026. 2. Ishan Kishan Breaks Suryakumar Yadav's Record - Ishan Kishan surpassed Suryakumar Yadav's previous Indian record of 1,164 T20I runs in a calendar year, achieved in 2022. - Kishan needed just six runs to break the record during the fifth T20I against New Zealand. - He opened his account by hitting a six off the fourth ball of his innings. - New Zealand captain Mitchell Santner elected to field first. - The record-breaking performance came in Kishan's 37th T20I appearance of 2026. Ishan Kishan's T20I Statistics in 2026 Parameter| Record Matches| 37 Runs| 1,220 Batting Average| 35.88 Strike Rate| 171.58 Highest Score| 103 Centuries| 1 Half-Centuries| 8 Fours| 127 Sixes| 60 3. Abhishek Sharma and Other Leading Indian Batters - Abhishek Sharma also had an opportunity to break Suryakumar Yadav's record in the fifth T20I. - He scored only 1 run off 2 deliveries before being dismissed by Adam Milne. - Daryl Mitchell completed the catch. - Abhishek Sharma finished the reported 2026 tally with 1,153 runs in 39 matches. - His strike rate of 205.16 was the highest among the leading Indian batters listed. - Abhishek Sharma holds the record for the fastest T20I century by an Indian, according to the supplied report. Other Leading Indian T20I Run-Scorers in 2026 Player| Runs Ishan Kishan| 1,220 Abhishek Sharma| 1,153 Sanju Samson| 810 Tilak Varma| 757 Shreyas Iyer| 716 Shivam Dube| 539 4. Most T20I Runs by an Indian in a Calendar Year Rank| Player| Year| Matches| Runs 1| Ishan Kishan| 2026| 37| 1,220 2| Suryakumar Yadav| 2022| 31| 1,164 3| Abhishek Sharma| 2026| 39| 1,153 4| Abhishek Sharma| 2025| 21| 859 5| Sanju Samson| 2026| 30| 810 6| Virat Kohli| 2022| 20| 781 7| Tilak Varma| 2026| 35| 757 8| Shreyas Iyer| 2026| Not specified| 733 5. Overall Record for Most T20I Runs in a Calendar Year Although Ishan Kishan holds the Indian record, the overall world record for the most T20I runs in a calendar year belongs to Karanbir Singh of Austria. Top Calendar-Year T20I Run Totals Mentioned in the Report 1. Karanbir Singh (Austria): 1,488 runs in 32 matches in 2025. 2. Mohammad Rizwan (Pakistan): 1,326 runs in 29 matches in 2021. 3. Ishan Kishan (India): 1,220 runs in 37 matches in 2026. 6. Important One-Liners for Competitive Exams 1. Who holds the Indian record for most T20I runs in a calendar year? Ishan Kishan. 2. How many T20I runs did Ishan Kishan score in 2026? 1,220. 3. Against which team did Kishan break the record? New Zealand. 4. When did he achieve the record? 1 November 2026. 5. Which Indian batter held the previous record? Suryakumar Yadav. 6. How many T20I runs did Suryakumar Yadav score in 2022? 1,164. 7. What was Ishan Kishan's batting average in the reported 2026 tally? 35.88. 8. What was his strike rate? 171.58. 9. What was Ishan Kishan's highest score in 2026? 103. 10. How many centuries and half-centuries did Kishan score in the reported tally? 1 century and 8 half-centuries. 11. Who had the highest strike rate among the leading Indian batters listed? Abhishek Sharma (205.16). 12. Who dismissed Abhishek Sharma in the fifth T20I? Adam Milne. 13. Who completed Abhishek Sharma's catch? Daryl Mitchell. 14. Who holds the overall world record for most T20I runs in a calendar year, according to the report? Karanbir Singh of Austria. 15. How many runs did Karanbir Singh score in 2025? 1,488. 16. Who is second on the overall calendar-year list mentioned in the report? Mohammad Rizwan. 17. How many runs did Mohammad Rizwan score in 2021? 1,326. 7. Quick Revision

- It tracks cases of journalists killed in connection with their professional work. - It monitors the judicial status of these cases. - Its findings highlight the scale of violence against journalists and the continuing problem of impunity. 6. Important Terms and Abbreviations - UNGA: United Nations General Assembly - UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - SLAPPs: Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation - Impunity: Exemption from punishment or freedom from accountability for wrongdoing. - Freedom of Expression: The right to express opinions and share information without undue interference. 7. Important One-Liners for Competitive Exams 1. International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists: 2 November. 2. First proclaimed: 2013. 3. Proclaimed by: United Nations General Assembly. 4. UN Resolution: A/RES/68/163. 5. 2026 central message: “Threats evolve. Impunity endures.” 6. Key UN organisation working on journalists' safety: UNESCO. 7. Date commemorates: Assassination of two French journalists in Mali on 2 November 2013. 8. Journalists killed since 1993: More than 1,700, according to UNESCO. 9. Cases in which perpetrators go unpunished: Approximately 9 out of 10. 10. Region with the highest number of journalist murders in the 2026 report: Arab States. 11. Women journalists who experienced work-related online threats, intimidation or insults: 73% of surveyed respondents. 12. UNESCO publication on online violence against women journalists: The Chilling: Global Trends in Online Violence Against Women Journalists. 13. UNESCO platform tracking killed journalists and judicial case status: UNESCO Observatory of Killed Journalists. 14. SLAPPs: Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation. 8. Quick Revision - Date: 2 November - Proclaimed in: 2013 - Proclaimed by: UNGA - Resolution: A/RES/68/163 - 2026 Message: Threats evolve. Impunity endures. - Key Organisation: UNESCO - Journalists killed since 1993: 1,700+ - Unpunished cases: Around 90% - Highest-affected region in the 2026 report: Arab States - Online violence against surveyed women journalists: 73% 9. Exam Takeaway The International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists is observed on 2 November to promote journalist safety, freedom of expression and accountability for crimes against media professionals. It was proclaimed by the UNGA in 2013 through Resolution A/RES/68/163. The 2026 central message is “Threats evolve. Impunity endures.” UNESCO plays a leading role in monitoring journalist killings and addressing impunity.

SUMMARY: International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists 2026: Date, Theme and Significance 1. Important Overview - Day Observed: 2 November every year - 2026 Observance: 2 November 2026 - Proclaimed By: United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) - Year of Proclamation: 2013 - UN Resolution: A/RES/68/163 - Key Organisation: UNESCO - 2026 Theme / Central Message: “Threats evolve. Impunity endures.” - Main Objective: To highlight violence against journalists, prevent attacks on media professionals and ensure accountability for crimes committed against them. 2. Theme and Focus of 2026 The 2026 observance focuses on the changing nature of threats against journalists, particularly the impact of new technologies and weapons in conflict zones. The central message, “Threats evolve. Impunity endures,” highlights that although the methods used to target journalists are changing, perpetrators of killings and other attacks frequently continue to escape justice. Major Threats Faced by Journalists 1. Killings and Physical Attacks: Particularly in conflict zones. 2. Kidnapping and Torture: Journalists may face abduction, intimidation and arbitrary detention. 3. Online Harassment: Digital threats, intimidation and abuse, especially against women journalists. 4. Judicial Harassment: Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPPs) used to intimidate journalists and restrict reporting. 5. Restrictions on Independent Reporting: Attacks intended to prevent coverage of corruption, human rights abuses and criminal activities. 3. Why Is the Day Observed on 2 November? - The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 2 November as the International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists in 2013. - The proclamation was made through UNGA Resolution A/RES/68/163. - The date commemorates the assassination of two French journalists in Mali on 2 November 2013. - The resolution condemned attacks and violence against journalists and media workers. - It called upon Member States to prevent crimes against journalists and ensure that perpetrators are brought to justice. Key Objectives of the Resolution - Investigate attacks against journalists and bring perpetrators to justice. - Ensure victims and their families have access to appropriate remedies. - Create a safe environment for independent journalism. - Protect freedom of expression and the public's right to information. 4. Journalist Killings and Global Impunity: Key Findings According to UNESCO: - More than 1,700 journalists have been killed since 1993 while reporting news and providing information to the public. - In approximately 9 out of 10 cases, perpetrators go unpunished. - The high rate of impunity weakens accountability and can encourage further attacks. - Violence against journalists discourages independent reporting and can conceal human rights violations, corruption and criminal activities. - According to the 2026 UNESCO Director-General's Report on the Safety of Journalists and the Danger of Impunity, the Arab States were identified as the region with the highest number of journalist murders. Online Violence Against Women Journalists - UNESCO's discussion paper: The Chilling: Global Trends in Online Violence Against Women Journalists. - According to the paper, 73% of surveyed women journalists had experienced online threats, intimidation or insults connected with their work. - Women journalists face additional risks, particularly through online harassment and intimidation. 5. Role of UNESCO in Protecting Journalists UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. UNESCO plays an important role in promoting journalists' safety and addressing impunity through the following activities: 1. Monitoring killings of journalists. 2. Publishing reports on journalist safety. 3. Supporting investigations and accountability. 4. Promoting international cooperation. 5. Highlighting threats against journalists and advocating for their protection. UNESCO Observatory of Killed Journalists

- Maintaining operational readiness. - Conducting air defence operations. - Deploying fighter aircraft and other military aircraft. - Supporting transport and helicopter operations. - Operating ground-based weapon systems. - Providing Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR). - Conducting regular military exercises and operational deployments. 6. Historical Background of Eastern Air Command Important milestones in the development of Eastern Air Command: - 27 May 1958: Established as No. 1 Operational Group at Ranikutir, Kolkata. - 1 December 1959: Upgraded to Eastern Air Command, with headquarters at Fort William, Kolkata. - After the 1962 India-China War: A decision was taken to establish its headquarters at Shillong. - Present headquarters: Upper Shillong, Meghalaya. 7. Important Abbreviations Abbreviation| Full Form IAF| Indian Air Force EAC| Eastern Air Command AOC-in-C| Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief VCAS| Vice Chief of the Air Staff SASO| Senior Air Staff Officer SWAC| South Western Air Command NDA| National Defence Academy NDC| National Defence College AVSM| Ati Vishisht Seva Medal VM| Vayu Sena Medal HADR| Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief 8. Important One-Liners for Competitive Exams 1. Who took over as the AOC-in-C of Eastern Air Command on 1 November 2026? Air Marshal Mehtab Singh Deswal. 2. Who did Mehtab Singh Deswal succeed? Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia. 3. When did Mehtab Singh Deswal join the Indian Air Force? 14 June 1989. 4. How many flying hours has he accumulated? More than 3,200 hours. 5. Which fighter squadron did he command? A frontline Sukhoi Su-30 squadron. 6. Which qualification does he hold as a flying instructor? Pilot Attack Instructor. 7. Which diplomatic assignment did he hold? Air Attaché at the Embassy of India in Pakistan. 8. Which position did he hold before becoming AOC-in-C of Eastern Air Command? Senior Air Staff Officer, South Western Air Command. 9. Which military decorations has he received? AVSM and VM. 10. Where is Eastern Air Command headquartered? Upper Shillong, Meghalaya. 11. How many operational commands does the Indian Air Force have? Five. 12. How many states are covered by Eastern Air Command's area of responsibility, according to the report? 12. 13. What is the motto of Eastern Air Command? Samareshu Parakram. 14. What does Samareshu Parakram mean? Valour in Battle. 15. When was Eastern Air Command established as No. 1 Operational Group? 27 May 1958. 16. When was it upgraded to Eastern Air Command? 1 December 1959. 17. Who became Vice Chief of the Air Staff on 1 November 2026? Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia. 18. When was Inderpal Singh Walia commissioned into the IAF? 11 June 1988. 19. Who succeeded Inderpal Singh Walia as Vice Chief of the Air Staff? Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit was his predecessor; Walia succeeded Dixit. 20. Which operation is associated with the HADR abbreviation? Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief operations. 9. Quick Revision - New AOC-in-C, Eastern Air Command: Air Marshal Mehtab Singh Deswal. - Appointment date: 1 November 2026. - Predecessor: Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia. - Deswal's commissioning date: 14 June 1989. - Flying experience: 3,200+ hours. - Important fighter aircraft: Sukhoi Su-30. - Previous appointment: SASO, South Western Air Command. - Military honours: AVSM and VM. - Eastern Air Command headquarters: Upper Shillong, Meghalaya. - EAC motto: Samareshu Parakram. - EAC established as No. 1 Operational Group: 27 May 1958. - Upgraded to Eastern Air Command: 1 December 1959. - New Vice Chief of the Air Staff: Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia. 10. Exam Takeaway Remember: Air Marshal Mehtab Singh Deswal took over as the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Eastern Air Command on 1 November 2026, succeeding Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia. Eastern Air Command is headquartered at Upper Shillong, Meghalaya, and its motto is Samareshu Parakram (Valour in Battle).

SUMMARY: Air Marshal Mehtab Singh Deswal Takes Over as Chief of Eastern Air Command 1. Important Overview Air Marshal Mehtab Singh Deswal, AVSM, VM, assumed charge as the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C) of the Indian Air Force's Eastern Air Command on 1 November 2026. He succeeded Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia, who took over as the Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS) on the same date. - New AOC-in-C: Air Marshal Mehtab Singh Deswal - Command: Eastern Air Command (EAC) - Assumed charge: 1 November 2026 - Predecessor: Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia - Commissioning date: 14 June 1989 - Flying experience: More than 3,200 hours - Specialisation: Fighter aviation, strike aircraft and air defence operations. 2. Military Career and Professional Experience Air Marshal Mehtab Singh Deswal was commissioned into the Flying Branch of the Indian Air Force as a fighter pilot on 14 June 1989. He has more than three decades of military experience and has held several important operational, command and staff appointments. Flying Experience and Qualifications - Flying hours: More than 3,200 hours. - Aircraft specialisation: Fighter aircraft and strike operations. - Professional qualification: Pilot Attack Instructor. - Operational expertise: Air defence and strike aircraft operations. Important Career Appointments 1. Fighter Squadron Commander: Commanded a frontline Sukhoi Su-30 fighter squadron. 2. Air Base Command: Served as Air Officer Commanding of two flying bases. 3. South Western Air Command: Served as Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO). 4. Air Headquarters: Served as Director General (Weapon Systems). 5. Diplomatic Assignment: Served as Air Attaché at the Embassy of India in Pakistan. Before his latest appointment, he was serving as the Senior Air Staff Officer at the Headquarters of South Western Air Command. 3. Educational Qualifications and Military Decorations Educational Qualifications Air Marshal Mehtab Singh Deswal is an alumnus of: - National Defence Academy (NDA) - National Defence College (NDC), New Delhi Military Decorations He has received the following military honours: 1. Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM) 2. Vayu Sena Medal (VM) His decorations recognise his distinguished service in the Indian Air Force. 4. Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia Appointed Vice Chief of the Air Staff Air Marshal Mehtab Singh Deswal succeeded Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia as the head of Eastern Air Command. Important Facts about Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia - New appointment: Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS). - Assumed charge: 1 November 2026. - Previous appointment: Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Air Command. - Assumed charge as AOC-in-C, EAC: 1 February 2026. - Commissioning date: 11 June 1988. - Commissioning stream: Fighter Stream. - Predecessor as Vice Chief: Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit. Leadership Changes in the Indian Air Force - Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit took over as the 29th Chief of the Air Staff on 31 October 2026, according to the supplied report. - Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia succeeded him as Vice Chief of the Air Staff on 1 November 2026. - Air Marshal Mehtab Singh Deswal succeeded Walia as AOC-in-C of Eastern Air Command on 1 November 2026. 5. Eastern Air Command: Headquarters, History and Role The Eastern Air Command (EAC) is one of the five operational commands of the Indian Air Force. Important Facts - Name: Eastern Air Command. - Abbreviation: EAC. - Headquarters: Upper Shillong, Meghalaya. - Command head: Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C). - Area of responsibility: Eastern and Northeastern regions of India. - States covered: 12 states. - Motto: Samareshu Parakram. - Meaning of motto: Valour in Battle. Strategic Importance Eastern Air Command is responsible for air operations across India's eastern and northeastern regions. Its area of responsibility includes international boundaries with: 1. China 2. Nepal 3. Bhutan 4. Myanmar 5. Bangladesh Major Responsibilities

- A Union Territory. - Serves as the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. - Known for its planned urban design. 3. Delhi - Official name: National Capital Territory of Delhi. - Capital of India. - Has a special administrative status under the Constitution. 4. Lakshadweep - India's smallest Union Territory by area. - Located in the Arabian Sea. - Capital: Kavaratti. 5. Puducherry - A Union Territory consisting of four geographically separated regions: Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam. - Located along different parts of India's eastern and western coasts. - Capital: Puducherry. 4. Important Acts and Historical Developments States Reorganisation Act, 1956 - Reorganised several Indian states primarily on linguistic grounds. - Came into effect on 1 November 1956. - Played a major role in the formation of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka's predecessor Mysore State, Kerala and the reorganisation of Madhya Pradesh and Madras State. Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 - Led to the creation of Haryana on 1 November 1966. - Established the present form of Punjab. - Chandigarh became a Union Territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. Chhattisgarh Formation, 2000 - Chhattisgarh was separated from Madhya Pradesh. - Became India's 26th state. - Formation date: 1 November 2000. 5. Important One-Liners for Competitive Exams 1. On which date do eight Indian states observe their Foundation Day? 1 November. 2. How many states observe Foundation Day on 1 November? Eight. 3. How many Union Territories are listed as observing Foundation Day on 1 November? Five. 4. Which Act came into effect on 1 November 1956? States Reorganisation Act, 1956. 5. When was Andhra Pradesh formed in its 1956 form? 1 November 1956. 6. Which state was initially known as Mysore State? Karnataka. 7. When was Mysore State renamed Karnataka? 1973. 8. What is Karnataka's Foundation Day called? Karnataka Rajyotsava. 9. What is Kerala's Foundation Day called? Kerala Piravi. 10. When was Kerala formed? 1 November 1956. 11. What is the popular nickname of Kerala? God's Own Country. 12. What is Madhya Pradesh popularly known as? Heart of India. 13. What was Tamil Nadu initially called? Madras State. 14. When was Madras State renamed Tamil Nadu? 1969. 15. When did Punjab take its current form? 1 November 1966. 16. Which Act led to the creation of Haryana? Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966. 17. When was Haryana formed? 1 November 1966. 18. Which state celebrated its 60th Foundation Day in 2026? Haryana. 19. When was Chhattisgarh formed? 1 November 2000. 20. Which state was divided to create Chhattisgarh? Madhya Pradesh. 21. Which was the 26th state of India? Chhattisgarh. 22. Which city is the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana? Chandigarh. 23. Which Union Territory is India's smallest by area? Lakshadweep. 24. What is the capital of Lakshadweep? Kavaratti. 25. What is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands? Sri Vijaya Puram (formerly Port Blair). 6. Quick Revision: Dates to Remember - 1 November 1956: Andhra Pradesh, Mysore State (now Karnataka), Kerala, Madhya Pradesh and Madras State (now Tamil Nadu) took shape under the reorganisation of states. - 1 November 1966: Haryana was formed and Punjab took its current form. - 1 November 2000: Chhattisgarh was formed from Madhya Pradesh. - 1 November 2026: Haryana completed 60 years since its formation. 7. Exam Takeaway Remember the three important formation years: - 1956: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka's predecessor Mysore State, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh and Madras State. - 1966: Haryana and the present form of Punjab. - 2000: Chhattisgarh, India's 26th state. Important date: 1 November is associated with the Foundation Day observances of eight states and five Union Territories.

SUMMARY: State Foundation Day 2026: 8 Indian States and 5 Union Territories That Observe November 1 1. Important Overview 1 November is an important date in India's political and administrative history. On this day, 8 Indian States and 5 Union Territories observe their Foundation Day or formation anniversary. The date is closely associated with the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, which reorganised several Indian states primarily on linguistic lines. Eight States Celebrating Foundation Day on 1 November 1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Karnataka 3. Kerala 4. Madhya Pradesh 5. Tamil Nadu 6. Punjab 7. Haryana 8. Chhattisgarh Five Union Territories Observing 1 November 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2. Chandigarh 3. Delhi 4. Lakshadweep 5. Puducherry 2. Eight Indian States: Formation and Historical Background 1. Andhra Pradesh - Formation date: 1 November 1956. - Formation: Andhra State was merged with Telugu-speaking areas of the former Hyderabad State. - Capital at the time: Hyderabad. - Significance: The formation was part of India's linguistic reorganisation of states. - Andhra Pradesh became an important milestone in the movement for states based on linguistic identity. 2. Karnataka - Formation date: 1 November 1956. - Initial name: Mysore State. - Formation: Kannada-speaking regions from different administrative areas were brought together to form a unified state. - Renamed: Karnataka in 1973. - Foundation Day celebration: Karnataka Rajyotsava or Kannada Rajyotsava. - Significance: Celebrates Kannada language, culture and regional identity. 3. Kerala - Formation date: 1 November 1956. - Formation: Created by merging Travancore-Cochin with the Malabar district and Kasaragod region. - Foundation Day celebration: Kerala Piravi, meaning the birth of Kerala. - Popular nickname: God's Own Country. - Significance: Marks the formation of the Malayalam-speaking state. 4. Madhya Pradesh - Formation date: 1 November 1956. - Formation: Reorganised under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. - Capital: Bhopal. - Popular nickname: Heart of India. - Significance: The present state took shape through the merger and reorganisation of several regions. - Madhya Pradesh is known for its historical monuments, temples, national parks and wildlife. 5. Tamil Nadu - Formation date: 1 November 1956. - Initial name: Madras State. - Renamed: Tamil Nadu in 1969. - Significance: Its formation was part of the linguistic reorganisation of Indian states. - The state is known for its Tamil language, literature, historical temples, traditional arts and cultural heritage. 6. Punjab - Date of current form: 1 November 1966. - Law: Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966. - Formation: The former Punjab State was reorganised, leading to the creation of Haryana and changes to surrounding territorial arrangements. - Shared capital: Chandigarh, which is also a Union Territory. - Significance: The reorganisation established the present administrative structure of Punjab and Haryana. 7. Haryana - Formation date: 1 November 1966. - Parent state: Punjab. - Law: Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966. - Capital: Chandigarh (shared with Punjab). - 60th Foundation Day: 1 November 2026. - Popular city: Gurugram, also known as the Millennium City. - Significance: Haryana was created as a separate state following demands for a distinct state. 8. Chhattisgarh - Formation date: 1 November 2000. - Parent state: Madhya Pradesh. - Status: 26th state of India at the time of its creation. - Capital: Raipur. - Significance: Created through the reorganisation of Madhya Pradesh as part of the formation of smaller states. - Chhattisgarh Foundation Day is observed on 1 November. 3. Five Union Territories Observing Foundation Day on 1 November Along with the eight states, five Union Territories are also associated with 1 November. 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands - An Indian Union Territory. - Located in the Bay of Bengal region. - Capital: Sri Vijaya Puram, formerly Port Blair. 2. Chandigarh