AIIMS/BSC NURSING/NORCET 8 & 9/NURSING OFFICER/DSSSB/RML/CHO/ESIC/MSC NURSING
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*Compounded Words - Meaning*
*1. Anaemia* - Deficiency of haemoglobin in the blood
*2. Analgesic* - Medicine which alleviates pain
*3. Arthralgia* - Pain in a joint
*4. Cephalalgia* - Headache
*5. Nephralgia* - Pain in the kidney
*6. Neuralgia* - Nerve pain
*7. Myalgia* - Muscle pain
*8. Otalgia* - Ear ache
*9. Gastralgia* - Pain in the stomach
*10. Pyoderma* - Skin infection with pus formation
*11. Leucoderma* - Defective skin pigmentaion
*12. Hysterodynia* - Pain in the uterus
*13. Hysterectomy* - Excision of the uterus
*14. Nephrectomy* - Excision of a kidney
*15. Adenectomy* - Excision of a gland
*16. Cholecystectomy* - Excision of gall bladder
*17. Thyroidectomy* - Excision of thyroid gland
*18. Arthritis* - Inflammation of a joint
*19. Bronchitis* - Inflammation of the bronchi
*20. Carditis* - Inflammation of the heart
*21. Cervicitis* - Inflammation of the cervix
*22. Colitis* - Inflammation of the colon
*23. Colpitis* - Inflammation of the vagina
*24. Cystitis* - Inflammation of the urinary bladder
*25. Enteritis* - Inflammation of the intestines
*26. Gastritis* - Inflammation of the stomach
*27. Glossitis* - Inflammation of the tongue *28. Hepatitis* - Inflammation of the liver
*29. Laryngitis* - Inflammation of the larynx *30. Metritis* - Inflammation of the uterus *31. Myelitis* - Inflammation of the spinal cord *32. Nephritis* - Inflammation of the kidney *33. Pharyngitis* - Inflammation of the pharynx
*34. Blepharitis* - Inflammation of the eyelids *35. Cholelithiasis* - Stone in the gall bladder *36. Nephrolithiasis* - Stone in the kidney
*37. Osteomalacia* - Softening of bones through deficiency of calcium or D vitamin
*38. Adenoma* -Benign tumour of glandular tissue
*39. Myoma* - Tumour of muscle
*40. Diplopia* - Double vision
*41. Thrombosis* - Formation of a blood clot *42. Pyloromyotomy* - Incision of pyloric sphincter muscle
*43. Hedrophobia* - Fear of water(Rabies in humans)
*44. Neuroplasty* - Surgical repair of nerves *45. Pyloraplasty* - Incision of plastic pylorus to widen passage
*46. Hemiplegia* - Paralysis of one side of the body
*47. Nephroptosis* - Downward displacement of the kidney
*48. Amenorrhoea* - Absence of menstrual discharge
*49. Dysmenorrhoea* - Painful menstruation *50. Leucorrhoea* - Whitish vaginal discharge *51. Menorrhoea* - Menstrual bleeding
*52. Haemorrhage* - Escape of blood from a vessel
*53. Arrhythmia* - Any deviation of normal rhythm of heart
*54. Cholestasis* - Diminution in the flow of bile
*55. Haemostatis* - Arrest of bleeding
*56. Neurasthenia* - Nervous debility
*57. Cystostomy* - Surgical opening made into the bladder
*58. Cystotomy* - Incision into the urinary bladder
*59. Hypertrophy* - Increase in the size of tissues
*60. Haematuria* - Blood in the urine
*61. Glycosuria* - Presence of sugar in the urine
| 2 | Follow for knowledge and update
👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
#🏅LYMPHATIC_SYSTEM🏅
-----------------------------------------
🌑LYMPHATIC SYSTEM CONSISTS OF THREE PARTS.
♥️1) A network of three parts
♥️2) Lymph
♥️3) Lymph nodes
♥️FUNCTIONS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.
♥️Returns interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to the blood
.
🌑IMMUNE SYSTEM
♥️Together with lymphoid organs and tissues, provide the structural basis
🌑LYMPHATIC VESSELS
One way system,lymph flows toward the heart.
🌑WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF LYMPHATIC VESSELS.
♥️Lymphatic capillaries
♥️Lymphatic collecting vessels
♥️Lymphatic trunks and ducts.
🌑Similar to blood capillaries, except
♥️Very permeable
Endothelial cells overlap to form one-way minivalves
♥️Lymphatic capillaries.
,🌑Absent from bones, teeth bone marrow and the CNS
♥️lymphatic capillaries
🌑ACTEALS
♥️Specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa.
🌑LYMPHATIC COLLECTING VESSELS
♥️Similar to veins, except Have thinner walls, with more internal valves.
🌑LYMPHATIC TRUNKS
♥️Formed by the union of the largest collection ducts.
🌑LYMPH
♥️is delivered into one of two large ducts
🌑RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT
♥️Drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax.
🌑THORACIC DUCT
♥️arises from the cisterna chyli and drains the rest of the body.
🌑RIGHT LYMPHATIC and THORACIC DUCT
♥️ empties lymph into venous circulation at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins on its own side of the body
🌑WHAT IS LYMPH PROPELLED BY
♥️Pulsations of nearby arteries and Contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the lymphatics.
🌑LYMPHOCYTES
♥️The main warriors of the immune system
🌑TWO MAIN TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES
♥️T Cells
♥️ B Cells
PROTECTS AGAINST ANTIGENS
T cells and b cells protect against antigens.
🌑MACROPHAGES
♥️Phagocytize foreign substances and help activate T-cells
🌑DENDRITIC CELLS
♥️Cells that capture antigens and deliver them to lymph nodes.
🌑RETICULAR CELLS
♥️produce stroma that supports other cells in lymphoid organs.
,🌑LYMPHOID TISSUE
♥️Houses and provides a proliferation site for lymphocytes.
🌑TWO MAIN TYPES OF LYMPHATIC TISSUE.
♥️Diffuse Lymphatic tissue and Lymphatic follicles
🌑DIFFUSE LYMPHATIC TISSUE
♥️comprises scattered reticular tissue.
🌑LYMPHATIC FOLLICLES
♥️nodules are solid, spherical bodies of tightly packed reticular elements and cells.
🌑GERMINAL CENTER
♥️composed of dendritic and B cells
🌑LYMPH NODES
♥️Principal lymphoid organs of the body
🌑FUNCTIONS OF LYMPH NODES
♥️Filter lymph and Immune system
🌑IMMUNE SYSTEM
♥️Lymphocytes are activated and mount an attack against antigens.
🌑What are the two Histologically distinct regions
♥️Cortex and medulla
🌑STRUCTURE OF A LYMPH NODES
♥️Cortex contains follicles with germinal centers, heavy with dividing B cells
Deep cortex houses T cells in transit
T cells circulate continuously among the blood,lymph nodes, and lymphatic stream.
🌑SPLEEN
♥️Largest lymphoid organs
🌑FUNCTIONS OF THE SPLEEN
♥️Site of lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.
Cleanses the blood of aged cells and platelets and debris.
🌑STRUCTURE OF THE SPLEEN TWO DISTINCT AREAS
♥️white and red pulp
🌑WHITE PULP
♥️around central arteries Mostly lymphocytes on reticular fibers and involved in immune functions
🌑RED PULP
♥️in venous sinuses and splenic cords Rich in macrophages for disposal of worn-out RBCs and bloodborne pathogens
🌑THYMUS
♥️Increases in size and is most active during childhood. Stops growing durning adolescence and then gradually atrophies.
🌑DIFFERS FROM OTHER LYMPHOID ORGANS in IMPORTANT WAYS.
♥️Thymus
🌑FUNCTIONS OF THE THYMUS
♥️It functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation.
♥️It does not directly fight antigens.
🌑THYMOCYTES
♥️Provide the environment in which T lymphocytes become immunocompetent
🌑TONSILS
♥️Simplest lymphoid organs
🌑Crypts trap and destroy bacteria and particulate matter
♥️Tonsils | 567 |
| 3 | Common sign and symptoms of all body systems....👉👉👉👉
1. Cardiovascular System
Chest Pain:
Angina, myocardial infarction
Palpitations: Irregular heartbeats, arrhythmias
Dyspnea: Shortness of breath, exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Edema: Peripheral edema, ascites
Syncope: Fainting, pre-syncope
Fatigue: Generalized weakness, reduced exercise tolerance
Cyanosis: Peripheral and central cyanosis
Claudication: Intermittent leg pain due to peripheral artery disease
Heart Murmur: Abnormal heart sounds
Jugular Venous Distention: Elevated jugular venous pressure
Hypertension: High blood pressure
Hypotension: Low blood pressure
Tachycardia: Rapid heart rate
Bradycardia: Slow heart rate
Orthostatic Hypotension: Drop in blood pressure upon standing
Diaphoresis: Excessive sweating
Cold Extremities: Poor circulation
Angina Pectoris: Pain or discomfort due to coronary artery disease
Arrhythmias: Atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia
Heart Failure: Left or right-sided heart failure symptoms
2. Respiratory System
Cough: Productive, non-productive, chronic, acute
Dyspnea: Exertional, at rest, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Wheezing: Asthma, COPD
Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood
Chest Pain: Pleuritic pain, non-pleuritic pain
Stridor: Upper airway obstruction
Tachypnea: Rapid breathing
Cyanosis: Peripheral and central cyanosis
Clubbing: Enlargement of fingertips
Use of Accessory Muscles: Increased effort in breathing
Hypoxemia: Low blood oxygen levels
Hypercapnia: Elevated carbon dioxide levels
Pleural Effusion: Fluid in the pleural space
Pneumothorax: Collapsed lung
Bronchospasm: Constriction of airways
Crackles/Rales: Abnormal lung sounds
Rhonchi: Coarse lung sounds
Tracheal Deviation: Shift of the trachea from its normal position
3. Gastrointestinal System
Abdominal Pain: Generalized, localized, referred pain
Nausea and Vomiting: Acute, chronic
Diarrhea: Acute, chronic, bloody
Constipation: Hard, infrequent stools
Hematemesis: Vomiting blood
Melena: Black, tarry stools
Hematochezia: Bright red blood in stool
Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing
Odynophagia: Painful swallowing
Anorexia: Loss of appetite
Jaundice: Yellowing of skin and eyes
Ascites: Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Bloating: Abdominal distension
Flatulence: Excessive gas
Heartburn: Acid reflux, GERD
Regurgitation: Backflow of stomach contents
Hiccups: Involuntary contractions of the diaphragm
Steatorrhea: Fatty stools
Weight Loss: Unintentional
Icterus: Yellowing of the sclera
Borborygmi: Rumbling or gurgling noises from the intestines
4. Nervous System
Headache: Migraine, tension, cluster headaches
Seizures: Focal, generalized, absence seizures
Tremors: Resting, intention tremors
Ataxia: Loss of coordination
Paresthesia: Numbness and tingling
Weakness: Focal, generalized
Paralysis: Hemiplegia, paraplegia, quadriplegia
Confusion: Acute, chronic, delirium
Delirium: Acute confusional state
Aphasia: Loss of ability to understand or express speech
Dysarthria: Slurred speech
Vision Changes: Blurred vision, double vision, loss of vision
Hearing Loss: Conductive, sensorineural
Dizziness: Vertigo, lightheadedness
Syncope: Fainting episodes
Memory Loss: Short-term, long-term
Mood Changes: Depression, anxiety, agitation
Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia, hypersomnia
Hyperreflexia: Overactive reflexes
Hyporeflexia: Diminished reflexes
Muscle Spasms: Involuntary contractions
Myoclonus: Sudden, involuntary jerks
5. Endocrine System
Polyuria: Frequent urination
Polydipsia: Excessive thirst
Polyphagia: Excessive hunger
Weight Changes: Gain or loss
Fatigue: Chronic tiredness
Heat Intolerance: Sensitivity to heat
Cold Intolerance: Sensitivity to cold
Goiter: Enlarged thyroid gland
Hirsutism: Excessive hair growth
Gynecomastia: Enlarged breast tissue in men
Hyperpigmentation: Darkening of the skin
Acne: Hormonal skin eruptions | 514 |
| 4 | #BLOOD_PHYSIOLOGY
FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
Transportation of dissolved gases (O2, CO2) nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes
🩸 Regulation of the pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids
🩸 Restriction of fluid loss at injury sites
🩸 Defense against toxins and pathogens
🩸 Regulation of body temperature
MAJOR COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
formed elements
🩸erythrocytes
🩸leukocytes
🩸platelets
🩸plasma
FORMED ELEMENTS
🩸the actual cellular components of blood (special connective tissue)
ERYTHROCYTES
🩸red blood cells
LEUKOCYTES
🩸white blood cells
PLATELETS
🩸cell fragments for clotting
BLOOD PLASMA
🩸complex non-cellular fluid surrounding formed elements; protein & electrolytes
🩸SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS IN A CENTRIFUGE
VOLUME LAYER
1. clear/yellowish PLASMA 55% top
2. thin/whitish buffy coat <1% middle
with LEUKOCYTES & PLATELETS
3. reddish mass - ERYTHROCYTES 45% bottom
🩸HEMATOCRIT
percentage by VOLUME of erythrocytes when blood is centrifuged
(normal = 45%)
🩸CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD
1. bright red (oxygenated)
2. dark red/purplish (unoxygenated)
3. much more dense than pure water
4. pH range from 7.35 to 7.45 (slightly alkaline)
5. slightly warmer than body temperature 100.4 F
6. typical volume in adult male 5-6 liters
7. typical volume in adult female 4-5 liters
8. typically 8% of body weight
🩸MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
1. DISTRIBUTION & TRANSPORT
a. oxygen from lungs to body cells
b. carbon dioxide from body cells to lungs
c. nutrients from GI tract to body cells
d. nitrogenous wastes from body cells to kidneys
e. hormones from glands to body cells
🩸MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
2. REGULATION (MAINTENANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS)
a. maintenance of normal body pH
i. blood proteins (albumin) & bicarbonate
b. maintenance of circulatory/interstitial fluid
i. electrolytes and blood proteins (albumin)
c. maintenance of temperature (blushed skin)
🩸MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
3. PROTECTION
a. platelets and proteins "seal" vessel damage
b. protection from foreign material & infections
i. leukocytes, antibodies, complement pro
🩸ERYTHROCYTES (red blood cells; RBCs)
STRUCTURE
1. 7.5 micron diameter; 2.0 micron thick
2. biconcave disk shape; ideal for gas exchange
i. spectrin - elastic protein; allows shape change
3. mature cells are anucleate (no nucleus)
4. very few organelles; mainly a hemoglobin carrier
i. hemoglobin - 33% of cell mass; carries oxygen
5. no mitochondria; only anaerobic respiration
6. ratio erythrocytes:leukocytes = 800:1
7. red blood cell count: cells per cubic millimeter
i. normal male count - 5.1 to 5.8 million
ii. normal female count - 4.3 to 5.2 million | 471 |
| 5 | FULL FORM OF COMMON MEDICAL WORDS
CBC : : complete blood count
CP : : complete picture (of blood)
CXR : : X-ray chest (PA view)
BT : : bleeding time
CT : : clotting time
LFT : : liver function test
SGOT : : serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
SGPT : : serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
ALP : : alkaline phosphatase
ALT : : alanine aminotransferase
GGT: :gamma glutamyl transpeptidase
GGT: : gamma glutamile transpeptidase
GTT: : glucose tolerance test
LDH: : lactae dehydrogenase
PT: : prothrombing time
AF : : atrial fibrillation
AIDS : acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AKA : alcoholic ketoacidosis
ALL : acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
AMI : acute myocardial infarction
ARF : acute renal failure
HTN : : high blood pressure Hypertension
CABG: coronary artery bypass graft
CAH: congenital adrenal hyperplasia
CCF: congestive cardiac failure
CF: cystic fibrosis
CHD: coronary heart disease
CNS: central nervous system
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP: continuous positive airways pressure
CRF: chronic renal failure
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
CT: computer mography
CVA: cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
CVD: cardiovascular disease
DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis
DU: duodenal ulcer
DVT: deep vein thrombosis
ECG: electrocardiography/ or cardiogram
EEG: electroencephalogram
ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ESRD: end-stage renal disease
FPG: fasting plasma glucose
GIT: gastrointestinal tract
GU: gastric ulcer
GvHD: graft versus host disease
HAV: hepatitis A virus
HBV: hepatitis B virus
Hcg: human chorionic gonadotrophin
HAV : : hepatitis A virus
HCV hepatitis: C virus
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus
HNA: heparin neutralising activity
ICH: intracranial haemorrhage
IDA: iron deficiency anaemia
IDDM: insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus
IFG: impaired fasting glucose
IGT : impaired glucose tolerance
IHD: ischaemic heart disease
Ig: immunoglobulin
IM: intramuscular
ITU: intensive therapy unit
IV: intravenous
IVU: intravenous urogram
K: : potassium
LBBB: left bundle branch block
LCM: left costal margin
LFTs: liver function tests
LIF: left iliac fossa
LUQ: left upper quadrant
LVF: left ventricular failure
LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy
MC&S: microscopy, culture & sensitivity
MCH: mean cell haemoglobin
MI: myocardial infarction
Min: minutes
MPD: myeloproliferative disease
MRI : magnetic resonance imaging
MS : multiple sclerosis or mass spectroscopy
Na: : sodium
Ca : : calcium
NaCl: sodium chloride
OA : osteo arthritis
RA : : rheumatoid arthritis
OCP: oral contraceptive pill
PACWP: pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure
PAD: peripheral arterial disease
PB: peripheral blood
PBC : primary biliary cirrhosis
PCI: percutaneous coronary
intervention
PCL: plasma cell leukaemia
PE: pulmonary embolism
PR: per rectum
PV : : per vagina
PV: plasma volume
RAS: renal angiotensin system or renal artery stenosis
RBBB: right bundle branch block
RBCs: red blood cells
RCC: red blood cell count
Rh: Rhesus (monkey)
RIF: right iliac fossa
RUQ: right upper quadrant
SC: subcutaneous
SDH: subdural haemorrhage
SOB: shortness of breath
SM: smooth muscle
SVC : superior vena cava
SVCO: superior vena caval obstruction
SXR: skull x-ray
T°: temperature
t1/2: half-life
T4: thyroxine
TA: temporal arteritis
TB: tuberculosis
TFT: thyroid function test
TIAs: transient ischaemic attacks
TPO: thyroid peroxidase
TRAB: thyrotropin receptor antibodies
TSH : thyroid-stimulating hormone
TT: thrombin time
UC: ulcerative colitis
U&E: urea and electrolytes
UCE: : urea creatinine & electrolytes
URTI: upper respiratory tract infection
UTI: urinary tract infection
USS: ultrasound scan
VIII: C factor VIII clotting activity
VIP: vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vit K: vitamin K
VSD: ventricular septal defect
WBC: :white blood cell
TLC : : total leukocytes | 369 |
| 6 | 🌸🧜♂️Vitamins_Deficiency🧜♂️🌸
1- Vitamin “A”: Night blindness
2- Vitamin “B1”: Beriberi
3- Vitamin “B2”: Ariboflavinosis
4- Vitamin “B3”: Pellagra
5- Vitamin “B5”: Parestheia
6- Vitamin “B6”: Anemia
7- Vitamin “B7”: Dermititis and enteritis
8- Vitamin “B9” - “B12”: Megaloblastic anemia
9- Vitamin “B17”: Cancer
10- Vitamin “C”: Scurvy and swelling of gums
11- Vitamin “D”: Rickets and Osteomalacia
12- Vitamin “E”: less fertility
13- Vitamin “K”: Non-Clotting of blood | 258 |
| 7 | 01)BCG का फुल फॉर्म क्या होता है।
*Ans- bacillus calmette-guerin.*
02)टिका और मेडिसिन में क्या अंतर है।
Ans:-वैक्सीन रोग-प्रतिरोधक क्षमता बढ़ाने के लिए पहले दिया जाता है।
और मेडिसिन बीमारी होने के बाद दिया जाता है।
03)टिकाकरण में कितनी तरह का टीका का प्रयोग किया जाता है!
Ans-11प्रकार!
01)BCG 2)HepB 03)OPV 04)IPV 05)Penta 06)PCV 07)ROTA, 08)MR,09)JE & 10) DPT,11)TD!
04)कितनी बीमारी से बचने के लिए टिका दिया जाता है। सभी बीमारियों का नाम लिखें।
Ans-12 प्रकार!
01)टीबी,02)हेपेटाइटिस-बी
03)पोलियो
04)निमोनिया
05)डायरिया
06)खसरा
07)रूबेला
08)दिमागी बुख़ार
09)पालतुसिस
10)डिप्थीरिया
11)टेटनस
12)हिब इंफेक्शन
05)पल्स पोलियो अभियान की शुरुआत कब हुई।
24 दिसम्बर 1995
06)AFP का फुल नाम क्या है।
*Ans- acute flaccid paralysis.*
07)AEFI का पूरा नाम बताएं।
*Ans- adverse event following immunization*
08)05 साल में विटामिन A की कितनी खुराक दी जाती है।
Ans-09 बार
09)क्रम से प्राम्भ की गई वर्ष का नाम लिखें।
01)पेंटावैलेंट-07 जनवरी 2015
02)IPV-07 दिसंबर 2015
03)fIPV- 01मार्च 2017
04)PCV-01june 2018
05)RVV-03 July 2019.
06)TD-20 July2019
10)IPV एव fIPV में क्या अंतर है।
Ans:-IPV का dose 0.5ml है और यह टिका 3rd dose के साथ दिया जाता था। लेकिन fipv विभाजित dose है, इसे first dose एवं 3 rd dose OPV के साथ 0.1ml Ad syringe से दिया जाता है।
11)टिकाकरण में कितने तरह का सिरिंज इस्तेमाल किया जाता है।नाम सहित लिखें।
03 प्रकार!
01)0.1ml,
02)0.5ml,
03)5 ml,
12)लेफ्ट आउट एव ड्रॉप आउट को परिभाषित करें।
*लेफ्ट आउट*-ऐसे बच्चे जो अपने जीवन काल मे एक भी टिका नही लिए।
*ड्रॉप-आउट*:-ऐसे बच्चे जिनकी टिकाकरण की शुरुआत हुई, लेकिन उम्र के साथ टिका नही दिया गया। या किसी कारण से बंचित रह गया।
13)DPT का टीका किस बीमारी से बचने के लिए जाता है।एव इसकी शुरुआत किस उम्र के बच्चे से की जाती है।
काली-खांसी,डिप्थीरिया,&टेटनस!
और इसे 01 साल के बाद शुरू की जाती है।
(नोटः-लेकिन नेपाल में पेंटा नही होने के कारण 1.5 माह पर ही शुरू की जाती है)
14)MR का टीका टिकाकरण में कब शामिल किया गया।एव टिकाकरण में इस टिके को कितने वर्ष के बच्चे से प्रारम्भ किया जा सकता है।
Ans:-(26 नवम्बर 2018),(चूंकि MR का campaign मार्च 2018 में ही होना था, लेकिन किसी कारण बस नही हो सका, और निर्माता कंपनी ने मार्च के पर्याप्त दवा निर्माण कर लिया और खसरे के वैक्सीन निर्माता को रोक दिया गया, इस कारण खसरा का vials समाप्त हो गई। इस कारण 26 नवम्बर से ही टिकाकरण में प्रयोग किया एव 15 जनवरी 2019 में compaign हुआ।
15) एक वर्ष में एक बच्चे को कितनी टिका लगाई जाती है।
Anm-19 टिका
16)जिंक की गोली किस बीमारी से बचाव के लिए दिया जाता है।एवं इसका सेवन कैसे किया जाता है।
Ans-दस्त से बचाव के लिए दिया जाता है।
01 जिंक की गोली एक चम्मच पीने के पानी में या मां के दूध में घोलकर 14 दिनों तक पिलाया जाता है।
17) Anm-किट में कौन-कौन उपकरण रहता है।सभी उपकरण का नाम लिखें।
(आई0एफ0ए0 एवं कैल्शियम टैबलेट,परिवार नियोजन किट,(ex.छाया टैबलेट, माला-एन, इसीपिल, कंडोम्स, निश्चय किट,).
01)बीपी मशीन,
02)स्टैथोस्कोप,
03) थर्मामीटर ,
04)वजन मशीन(वयस्कों के लिए).
05)वजन मशीन (बच्चों का लिए)
06)फ़िटोसकोप
07)MUAC टेप
08)ऊंचाई मापने वाला टेप,
09)फंडल टेप
10)हिमोग्लोबीनोमीटर 11)यूरिन एल्बुमिन किट
12) ग्लूकोमीटर,
13) निश्चय किट ,
14) मेजपोश
15)बेडशीट या चादर पर्दा
16)हब कटर।
18)टिकाकरण में किस प्रकार का आइस पैक उपयोग की जाती है।
Semi-forozen
अर्ध मिश्रित जमा हुआ।
19) यदि कोई बच्चा अपनी पहली जन्मदिन के 05 दिन पहले आपके टिकाकरण सत्र पर आती है, और टिका के लिए आग्रह करती है,आपके द्वारा कौन सा टिका दिया जाएगा।क्रम से लिखें।
Ans- *BCG, OPV, RVV, fipv, PCV, Penta, MR1 & JE1.*
20) OPEN Vials policy किस वैक्सीन पर लागू नही होता है। सभी का नाम लिखें।
Ans:- *BCG, MR, JE,RVV*
21)गर्भवती महिलाओं में ख़तरे के लक्षण कौन-कौन से है।
01) अत्यधिक रक्तस्राव.
02)शरीर मे खून की कमी!
03)गर्भावस्था या प्रसव पश्चात 01 महीने के अंदर तेज बुख़ार।
04)दौरे पड़ना,धुंधला दिखाई देना, सिर दर्द, उल्टी, या पूरे शरीर मे सूजन।
05)बच्चे का कम घूमना,
06)प्रसव पीड़ा के पहले थैली का फट जाना।
22)नवजात शिशु में ख़तरे के कौन-2 लक्षण होते है।लिखें।
01) मां का दूध ना पी पाना,02) दौरे पड़ना,ऐंठन,03) सांस की गति 60 प्रति मिनट से ज्यादा 04) सांस लेते समय छाती का धसना।हलचल नही होना। | 314 |
| 8 | FULL FORM OF COMMON MEDICAL WORDS
CBC : : complete blood count
CP : : complete picture (of blood)
CXR : : X-ray chest (PA view)
BT : : bleeding time
CT : : clotting time
LFT : : liver function test
SGOT : : serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
SGPT : : serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
ALP : : alkaline phosphatase
ALT : : alanine aminotransferase
GGT: :gamma glutamyl transpeptidase
GGT: : gamma glutamile transpeptidase
GTT: : glucose tolerance test
LDH: : lactae dehydrogenase
PT: : prothrombing time
AF : : atrial fibrillation
AIDS : acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AKA : alcoholic ketoacidosis
ALL : acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
AMI : acute myocardial infarction
ARF : acute renal failure
HTN : : high blood pressure Hypertension
CABG: coronary artery bypass graft
CAH: congenital adrenal hyperplasia
CCF: congestive cardiac failure
CF: cystic fibrosis
CHD: coronary heart disease
CNS: central nervous system
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP: continuous positive airways pressure
CRF: chronic renal failure
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
CT: computer mography
CVA: cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
CVD: cardiovascular disease
DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis
DU: duodenal ulcer
DVT: deep vein thrombosis
ECG: electrocardiography/ or cardiogram
EEG: electroencephalogram
ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ESRD: end-stage renal disease
FPG: fasting plasma glucose
GIT: gastrointestinal tract
GU: gastric ulcer
GvHD: graft versus host disease
HAV: hepatitis A virus
HBV: hepatitis B virus
Hcg: human chorionic gonadotrophin
HAV : : hepatitis A virus
HCV hepatitis: C virus
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus
HNA: heparin neutralising activity
ICH: intracranial haemorrhage
IDA: iron deficiency anaemia
IDDM: insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus
IFG: impaired fasting glucose
IGT : impaired glucose tolerance
IHD: ischaemic heart disease
Ig: immunoglobulin
IM: intramuscular
ITU: intensive therapy unit
IV: intravenous
IVU: intravenous urogram
K: : potassium
LBBB: left bundle branch block
LCM: left costal margin
LFTs: liver function tests
LIF: left iliac fossa
LUQ: left upper quadrant
LVF: left ventricular failure
LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy
MC&S: microscopy, culture & sensitivity
MCH: mean cell haemoglobin
MI: myocardial infarction
Min: minutes
MPD: myeloproliferative disease
MRI : magnetic resonance imaging
MS : multiple sclerosis or mass spectroscopy
Na: : sodium
Ca : : calcium
NaCl: sodium chloride
OA : osteo arthritis
RA : : rheumatoid arthritis
OCP: oral contraceptive pill
PACWP: pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure
PAD: peripheral arterial disease
PB: peripheral blood
PBC : primary biliary cirrhosis
PCI: percutaneous coronary
intervention
PCL: plasma cell leukaemia
PE: pulmonary embolism
PR: per rectum
PV : : per vagina
PV: plasma volume
RAS: renal angiotensin system or renal artery stenosis
RBBB: right bundle branch block
RBCs: red blood cells
RCC: red blood cell count
Rh: Rhesus (monkey)
RIF: right iliac fossa
RUQ: right upper quadrant
SC: subcutaneous
SDH: subdural haemorrhage
SOB: shortness of breath
SM: smooth muscle
SVC : superior vena cava
SVCO: superior vena caval obstruction
SXR: skull x-ray
T°: temperature
t1/2: half-life
T4: thyroxine
TA: temporal arteritis
TB: tuberculosis
TFT: thyroid function test
TIAs: transient ischaemic attacks
TPO: thyroid peroxidase
TRAB: thyrotropin receptor antibodies
TSH : thyroid-stimulating hormone
TT: thrombin time
UC: ulcerative colitis
U&E: urea and electrolytes
UCE: : urea creatinine & electrolytes
URTI: upper respiratory tract infection
UTI: urinary tract infection
USS: ultrasound scan
VIII: C factor VIII clotting activity
VIP: vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vit K: vitamin K
VSD: ventricular septal defect
WBC: :white blood cell
TLC : : total leukocytes | 750 |
| 9 | about COVID -19.
1. First case ( china )- 31 dec. 2019
2. First case india - 30 jan. 2020
3. WHO declared COVID-19 is pandemic - 11 march 2020
4. Arogya setu app launched - 2 april 2020
5. Indian air force flowers 💐 showers on corona warrior - 3 may 2020
6. Janta curfew - 22 march 2020
7. First lockdown - 24 march 2020 (21days)
8. Second lockdown - 15 april 2020 *to* 03 may 2020
9. First case outside the china - 13 jan. 2020 ( Thiland)
10. First covid hospital - seven hills Mumbai | 629 |
| 10 | ❤️Nursing competitive exam❤️
*Normal value of important subastance in blood.*
*Glucose 100~120 mg/dl*
*creatinine 0•5~1•5mg/dl*
*cholesterol 200mg/dl*
*plasma protein 6•4~8•3g/dl*
*bilirubin 0•5~1•5mg/dl*
*copper 100~200mg/dl*
*iron 50~150micro g/dl*
*calcium 9~11mg/dl*
*sodium 135~145mEq/l*
*potassium 3•5~5mEq/l*
*magnesium 1•5~2mEq/l*
*chloride 100~110mEq/l*
*Bicarbonate 22~26mEq/l*
*total protein 7•3g/dl*
*serum albumin 4•7g/dl*
*serum globulin 2•3g/dl*
*fibrinogen 0•3g/dl*
*A/G ratio 2•1*
*IgG 1000mg/dl*
*IgA 200mg/dl*
*IgM 120mg/dl*
*IgD 3mg/dl*
*IgE 0•05mg/dl*
ANTIDOTE AND DRUG OF CHOICE PROPHYLAXIS(Dx/Px):-
1.Drug for PCM poisoning :- N acetylecystine (mucomyst)
2. DOC for Acute Asthma:- Salbutamol
3.DOC for Chronic Asthma:- Salmetrol
4.Drug of choice for bipolar disorder:- Lithium
5.Drug of choice for mania:- Lithium
6.Drug of choice for acute mania:-Haloperidol
7.Drug of choice for chronic mania:-Lithum
8.Drug of choice for hyperkalamia:- Kayxalate/sodium natropuroside/insuline+dextrose
9.Drug of choice for Ketoacidosis:- Insuline+dextrose
10.Prophylaxis for Asthma:-Montalucast
11.Drug for Digitalis Toxicity:-Digibind
12.Drug of choice for Acute migraine:-Sumatripatan
13 Drug of choice for ADHD:-Methylphenidate(Amphetamine)
14.Drug of choice for Alzeihmers disease:-Tacrine/donepzil/Rivastigmine
15.Drug of choice for Myasthenia gravis:-Neostigmine
16.Drug of choice for Anaphylactic Shock:-Adrenaline
17.Drug of choice for Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy/Lactation:-Propylthiouracil
18.Drug of choice for Atonic Seizures:-Sodium valproate
19.Drug of choice for Febrile Seizures:-Diazepam
20.Antidote for Aspirine poisoning:-Sodium bicarbonate
21.Antidote for organophosphate poisoning:-Atropine
22.Drug of choice for Central Diabetic Insipidus:-Vasoprassin/desmopressin
23.DOC for Chemotherapy induced vomiting:-Ondasteron
24.DOC for chloroquine resistant malaria:-Quinine
25.DOC for cholera:Tetracycline
26.Antidote for Benzodiazapine poisoning:-Flumazenil
27.Antidote for Barbiturate poisoning:-Sodium bicarbonate
28.Antidote for Atropine poisoning:-Physostigmine
29.DOC for Chese reaction:-Phentolamine
30.DOC for Acute Gout:-Indomethacin
31.DOC for Chronic Gout:-Allopurinol
32.DOC for complicated Malaria:-Artesunate
33.Antidote for Cyanide poisoning:-Amyl nitrate
34.DOC for Depression:-Any of SSRI drug(Citalopram,Escitalopram,Fluoetine,Paroxetine,Sertraline,Vilazodone)
35.DOC for disease modifying anti Rheumatic drug(DMARD):-Methotrexate
36.DOC for drug induced parkinson disease:-Benzhexol
37.Choice of Muscle relaxant for Endotracheal intubation:-Succinylcholine
38.Choice for Relaxant for ECT:-succinylcholine
39.Treatment of choice for severe Depression:-ECT
40.DOC for Enteric Fever:-Ceftrixone
41.DOC for Epilepsy in pregnancy:-Lamotrigine
42.Antidote for Fibrinolytics:-Aminocaproic acid
43.DOC for BPH(Benign prostate hypertrophy):-Prozosin
44.Antidote for Heparine Toxicity:-Protamine sulphate
45.prophylaxis for herpes:-Acyclovir
46.prophylaxis for rheumatic fever:-Benzathaine penicilline
47.prophylaxis for MI:-Asprine
48.DOC for Malaria:-Chloroquine
49.DOC for hypertensive emergency:-Sodium nitroprusside
50.DOC for hypertension in pregnancy:-Lobetalol
51.DOC for Eclampsia:-Mgso4
52.DOC for Hypothyroidism:-Levothyroxin
53.DOC for hypovolemic Shock:-IV fluids
54.Antidote for Iron toxicity :-Desferoxamine
55.DOC for Methanol poisoning:-Fomepizole
56.DOC FOR Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus :- Vencomycin
57.Mydriatic of choice in Adults:-Tropicamide
58.Mydriatic of choice in children:-Atropine
59.DOC for syphillis:-Benzathine penicilline
60.DOC for noctural enuresis :- Desmopressin/imipramine
61.DOC for obsessive compulsive disorders:-SSRI
drug(Citalopram,Escitalopram,Fluoetine,Paroxetine,Sertraline,Vilazodone)
62.Antidote for Opiod poisoning:-Nalaxone
63. DOC for oral hypoglycemic drug in obese :- metformine
64.DOC for oral hypoglycemic drug in thin:-Sulfonylureas
65.DOC for cardiogenic Shock:-Dobutamine | 559 |
| 11 | ☆ Pediatric Golden points
1⃣. At birth normal temp. ?
Ans. 36.5 to 37.5⁰C
2⃣. At birth normal body weight ?
Ans. 2.5 to 3.9 kg
3⃣. At birth normal height ?
Ans. 45 to 55 cm
4⃣. At birth head circumference ?
Ans. 33 to 35 cm
5⃣. At birth chest circumference ?
Ans. 30 to 33 cm
6⃣. At birth mid upper arm circumference ?
Ans. 11 to 12 cm
7⃣. At birth suction
A. 1st nose
B. 1st month
Ans. B
8⃣. Suction pressure in preterm baby ?
Ans. 40 to 60 mmhg
9⃣. Suction pressure in adult ?
Ans. 100 to 120 mmhg
🔟. Normal suctioning time duration ?
Ans. 5 to 10 sec
▶️. Newborn baby provide O2 therapy by ?
Ans. Hood
▶️. Complication of O2 theory in Newborn baby ?
Ans. Retrolanterial fibroplasia
▶️. APGAR Score discover by ?
Ans. Virginia APGAR
▶️ APGAR Score assess 3 body system ?
Ans. A. Cardiac system
B. Respiratory system
C. Nervous system
▶️APGAR Score should be assess after birth...in. ?
Ans. 1 and 5 min
▶️Normal length of umbilical cord ?
Ans. 45 cm
▶️Before 4 months of gestation umbilical cord blood vessels...?
Ans. 4 (2 artery and 2 vein)
▶️After 4 months of gestation umbilical cord blood vessels....?
Ans. 3 (2 artery and 1 vein)
▶️After birth umbilical cord cutting ?
A. After stoppage of pulsation in umbilical blood vessels
B. Before stoppage of pulsation in umbilical blood vessels
Ans. A
▶️During umbilical cord cutting 1st clump......Cm away from baby ?
Ans. 5 cm
▶️Heat regulatory Center persent ?
Ans. Hypothalamus
▶️Kmc effective when body temperature more than ...... ?
Ans. More than 34⁰ C
▶️Color of male baby identification band ?
Ans. Blue
▶️Vit. K active clotting factor no..........?
Ans. 2 ,7 ,9,10
▶️Provide vit. K to prevent tha baby from ?
Ans. Bleeding tendency
▶️Term baby does of vit. K ?
Ans. 1mg
▶️Children most suitable side for IM injection ?
Ans. Vastuslateralis muscle
▶️Causative agent of ophthalmia neonatorum ?
Ans. Neisseria gonorrhea
▶️At birth most common use eye medicine ?
Ans. Erythromycin
▶️Down syndrome ?
Ans. Trisomy of 21 no of chromosome
▶️What is the klinefelter syndrome ?
Ans. Only male baby, one X chromosome extra
▶️What is the Turner syndrome ?
Ans. Only female body, one X chromosome absent | 456 |
| 12 | Common Signs and Symptoms
01. PTB – low-grade afternoon fever.
02. PNEUMONIA – rusty sputum.
03. ASTHMA – wheezing on expiration.
04. EMPHYSEMA – barrel chest.
05. KAWASAKI SYNDROME – strawberry tongue.
06. PERNICIOUS ANEMIA – red beefy tongue.
07. DOWN SYNDROME – protruding tongue.
08. CHOLERA – rice watery stool.
09. MALARIA – stepladder like fever with chills.
10. TYPHOID – rose spots in abdomen.
11. DIPTHERIA – pseudo membrane formation
12. MEASLES – koplik’s spots.
13. SLE – butterfly rashes.
14. LIVER CIRRHOSIS – spider like varices.
15. LEPROSY – lioning face.
16. BULIMIA – chipmunk face.
17. APPENDICITIS – rebound tenderness.
18. DENGUE – petechiae or (+) Herman’s sign.
19. MENINGITIS – Kernig’s sign (leg flex then leg pain on extension), Brudzinski sign (neck flex =
lower leg flex).
20. TETANY – hypocalcemia (+) Trousseau’s sign/carpopedal spasm; Chvostek sign (facial
spasm).
21. TETANUS – risus sardonicus.
22. PANCREATITIS – Cullen’s sign (ecchymosis of umbilicus); (+) Grey turners spots.
23. PYLORIC STENOSIS – olive like mass.
24. PDA – machine like murmur.
25. ADDISON’S DISEASE – bronze like skin pigmentation.
26. CUSHING’S SYNDROME – moon face appearance and buffalo hump.
27. HYPERTHYROIDISM/GRAVE’S DISEASE – exopthalmus.
28. INTUSSUSCEPTION – sausage shaped mass, Dance Sign (empty portion of RLQ)
29. MS – Charcot’s Triad (IAN)
30. MG – descending muscle weakness
31. Guillain Barre Syndrome – ascending muscle weakness
32. DVT – Homan’s Sign
33. CHICKEN POX – Vesicular Rash (central to distal) dew drop on rose petal
34. ANGINA – Crushing stubbing pain relieved by NTG
35. MI – Crushing stubbing pain which radiates to left shoulder, neck, arms, unrelieved by NTG
36. LTB – inspiratory stridor
37. TEF – 4Cs’ Coughing, Choking, Cyanosis, Continous Drooling
38. EPIGLOTITIS – 3Ds’ Drooling, Dysphonia, Dysphagia
39. HODGEKIN’S DSE/LYMPHOMA – painless, progressive enlargement of spleen & lymph tissues,
Reedstenberg Cells
40. INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS – Hallmark: sore throat, cervical lymph adenopathy, fever.
41. PARKINSON’S – Pill-rolling tremors
42. FIBRIN HYALIN – Expiratory Grunt
43. CYSTIC FIBROSIS – Salty skin
44. DM – polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia
45. DKA – Kussmauls breathing (Deep Rapid RR)
46. BLADDER CA – painless hematuria
47. BPH – reduced size & force of urine
48. PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS – Nikolsky’s sign (separation of epidermis caused by rubbing of the
skin)
49. RETINAL DETACHMENT – Visual Floaters, flashes of light, curtain vision
50. GLAUCOMA – Painfull vision loss, tunnel/gun barrel/halo vision (Peripheral Vision Loss)
51. CATARACT – Painless vision loss, Opacity of the lens, blurring of vision
52. RETINO BLASTOMA – Cat’s eye reflex (grayish discoloration of pupils)
53. ACROMEGALY – Coarse facial feature
54. DUCHENNE’S MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY – Gowers’ sign (use of hands to push one’s self from
the floor)
55. GERD – Barretts esophagus (erosion of the lower portion of the esophageal mucosa)
56. HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY – Flapping tremors
57. HYDROCEPHALUS – Bossing sign (prominent forehead)
58. INCREASE ICP – HYPERtension BRADYpnea BRADYcardia (Cushing’s Triad)
59. SHOCK – HYPOtension TACHYpnea TACHYcardia
60. MENIERE’S DSE – Vertigo, Tinnitus
61. CYSTITIS – burning on urination
62. HYPOCALCEMIA – Chvostek & Trosseaus sign
63. ULCERATIVE COLITIS – recurrent bloody diarrhea
64. LYME’S DSE – Bull’s eye rash
Ottorhea s/s of basilar fracture | 406 |
| 13 |  Happy diwali to all of you 🤗🤗 | 392 |
| 14 | Happy diwali to all of you | 446 |
| 15 | *BLOOD TRANSFUSION* :-
*PRBC*.......storage temp. ( *2- 6°c*)
Storage time.........( *35 - 42 days*)
Transfusion time. .... *2 - 4 hrs*
*WHOLE BLOOD* :-
Storage Temp. = *2 - 6°c*
Storage time :- *35 days*
Transfusion time :- *2 - 4 hrs*
*PLATELETS*
Storage temp. - *22 - 24°c*
Storage time :- *5 days*
Transfusion time:- *15 - 30 min. Single donor platelets* SDP
RDP :- 4 - 5 min.
*FRESH FROZEN PLASMA* :-
Storage time:- *-20°c*
Storage tim q
Transfusion time :- *15 - 30 min.* Use within 2hrs | 580 |
| 16 | 🌟COMPONENTS OF COLD CHAIN🌟
STORAGE
1) Walk in freezers (WIF)
- National, state and regional vaccine stores
- Temp : -15 to -25 degree Celsius
- Used for bulk storage of OPV
2) Walk in coolers (WIC)
- State and regional level, Govt. medical store depot (GMSD)
- Temp : +2 to +8 degree Celsius
- Used fro bulk storage of most vaccines in UIP
3) Deep freezers(DF)
- District and subdistrict
- Temp : -15 to -25 degree Celsius
- 8 hrs continuous electricity per day is needed
SMALL - At PHCs to prepare ice packs
LARGE - At district level to prepare ice packs and store OPV
4) Ice lined refrigerators (ILRs)
- District, subdistrict and PHCs
- Temp - +2 to +8 degree Celsius
- Temperature monitoring - Dial thermometer
- 8 hrs of continuous electricity supply per day needed
- Must be kept on horizontal leveled surface, atleast 10cm from walls
5)Cold box
- To keep vaccines in case of power failure
TRANSPORTATION
6) Vaccine carriers
- 4 Ice packs
- 16 - 20 vials
7) Day carrier
- 2 ice packs
- 6 - 8 vials
8) Ice packs
- prepared by keeping in deep freezers
- For temperature maintainable during transportation and immunization sessions
- Capacity - 320 to 340 ml
- horizontal mark indicate level for water filling
- 2 holes for keeping vaccines
HIGH YIELD POINTS
💥 Most important component of Cold chain in india - ILRs
💥Minimum level of vaccine storage in india - PHCs
💥 Maximum chance of cold chain failure in india - Subcenter and village level
💥Cold chain temperature monitoring - Dial thermometer | 496 |
| 17 | 🔴💐 New - NHM Recruitment 2024💐
Post Name: Staff Nurse Jobs
Education: GNM, B.Sc Nursing
Last Date: 03rd Nov 2024
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👉🏻Apply Now: https://allgovernmentjobs.in/commissioner-of-health-gujarat-jobs-2024-apply-for-1903-staff-nurse-jobs/2905
. | 490 |
| 18 | Bihar CHO.pdf | 488 |
| 19 | 5_6125155416054698440.pdf | 1 |
| 20 | 5_6125155416054698440.pdf | 2 |
