NEET JEE CBSE CLASS 10 11 12

➪ Vector & Scalars Short Notes

Fig.: A diagram of a section of an alveolus with a pulmonary capillary 𝗘𝗫𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗔𝗦𝗘𝗦 Alveoli are the primary sites of exchange of gases. Gaseous Exchange in Lungs ● At alveoli level, gaseous exchange occur through respiratory membrane (diffusion membrane) which is 0.2 mm thick (total thickness is much less than a mm). ● 𝗜𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿𝘀: (i) Alveolar epithelium (thin squamous epithelium) (ii) Basement substance in between them (composed of a thin basement membrane supporting the squamous epithelium and the basement membrane surrounding the single layer endothelial cells of capillaries) (iii) Endothelium of alveolar blood capillaries ● Exchange of gases also occur between blood and tissues. ● O2 and CO2 are exchanged in these sites by simple diffusion mainly based on pressure/concentration gradient ● Pressure contributed by an individual gas in a mixture of gases is called partial pressure and is represented as pO2 for oxygen and pCO2 for carbon dioxide.

𝗟𝗨𝗡𝗚𝗦 🫁 ● Lungs are situated in the thoracic chamber which is anatomically an air-tight chamber. ● The thoracic chamber is formed dorsally by the vertebral column,ventrally by the sternum, laterally by the ribs and on the lower side by the dome-shaped diaphragm. ● The anatomical setup of lungs in thorax is such that any change in the volume of the thoracic cavity will be reflected in the lung (pulmonary) cavity. ● Such an arrangement is essential for breathing,as we cant directly alter the pulmonary volume ● Lungs are covered by a double layered pleura with pleural fluid between them.It reduces friction on the lung-surface.  ● Outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the thoracic lining Inner pleural membrane is in contact with the lung surface.

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P - Block | The Boron Family

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