MPPSC 2026 PRE + MAINS NOTES #MPPSC MAINS 2025 MP PSC TEST SERIES CURRENT AFFAIRS MP CURRENT AFFAIRS

✍️अनुच्छेद 102: एक सांसद के रूप में निर्वाचित होने के लिए अयोग्यता: (1) किसी व्यक्ति को या तो संसद भवन के सदस्य के रूप में चुने जाने के लिए अयोग्य घोषित किया जाएगा- (A) अगर वह भारत सरकार या किसी भी राज्य सरकार के तहत लाभ का कोई कार्यालय रखता है, तो कानून द्वारा संसद द्वारा घोषित कार्यालय के अलावा अपने धारक को अयोग्य घोषित नहीं किया जाता है। (B) यदि वह अस्वस्थ दिमाग में है और एक सक्षम अदालत द्वारा घोषित किया गया है। (C) अगर वह एक निर्विवाद दिवालिया है। (D) यदि वह भारत का नागरिक नहीं है, या स्वेच्छा से एक विदेशी राज्य की नागरिकता हासिल कर लिया है, या किसी विदेशी राज्य के प्रति निष्ठा या अनुपालन की स्वीकृति के तहत है। (E) यदि वह संसद द्वारा किए गए किसी भी कानून के तहत या उसके तहत अयोग्य है, तो स्पष्टीकरण इस खंड के प्रयोजनों के लिए किसी व्यक्ति को भारत सरकार या किसी भी राज्य सरकार के तहत लाभ के कार्यालय को केवल कारण से नहीं माना जाएगा कि वह या तो संघ के लिए या ऐसे राज्य के लिए मंत्री हैं। (2) यदि किसी व्यक्ति को दसवीं अनुसूची के तहत अयोग्य घोषित किया जाता है तो किसी व्यक्ति को संसद भवन के सदस्य होने के लिए अयोग्य घोषित किया जाएगा।

✅भारत के महान्यायवादी - Attorney General of India✅ 1. भारत के अटॉर्नी जनरल को राष्ट्रपति द्वारा नियुक्त किया जाता है और राष्ट्रपति की खुशी के दौरान पद धारण करता है। 2. सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के न्यायाधीश के रूप में नियुक्ति के लिए उसके पास समान योग्यता होनी चाहिए। 3. भारत का महान्यायवादी केंद्र सरकार का सर्वोच्च कानूनी अधिकारी है। ✍️शक्तियां, विशेषाधिकार और कार्य: भारत का महान्यायवादी भारत सरकार का पहला कानून अधिकारी है और इसके निम्नलिखित अधिकार, विशेषाधिकार और कार्य हैं- 1. यह अटॉर्नी जनरल का कर्तव्य है कि वह कानूनी मामलों पर भारत सरकार को सलाह दे और कानूनी चरित्र के ऐसे अन्य कर्तव्यों का पालन करे, जैसा कि समय-समय पर राष्ट्रपति द्वारा उसे संदर्भित या सौंपा जा सकता है। 2. महान्यायवादी को उस समय या संविधान या किसी अन्य कानून के तहत उसके द्वारा प्रदत्त कार्यों का निर्वहन करना चाहिए। 3. अपने कर्तव्यों के प्रदर्शन में उन्हें भारत के क्षेत्र में सभी न्यायालयों में दर्शकों का अधिकार है। 4. अटॉर्नी जनरल संसद और उसकी समितियों की कार्यवाही में भाग ले सकते हैं लेकिन वह मतदान के हकदार नहीं हैं। 5. महान्यायवादी को दो सॉलिसिटर-जनरल और चार अतिरिक्त सॉलिसिटर-जनरल द्वारा सहायता प्रदान की जाती है।

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1. Incomes from certain funds, universities, educational institutions, hospitals, etc, 2. Contributions made to certain relief funds and charitable institutions. 3. Donations made to the prescribed funds and institutions that have been defined in the notification qualify as a deduction. #Environment African Elephants - Based on latest population estimates. - International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) declares, 1. African Forest elephants as ‘Critically Endangered’ 2. African Savanna elephants as ‘Endangered’. Threat: 1. poaching 2. ongoing conversion of their habitats - primarily to agricultural and other land uses - African Forest Elephant live in forests of Central and West Africa. - African Savanna Elephant live in the plains of sub-Saharan Africa. #Environment Chilika Lake News: National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) has found that the Chilika lake in Odisha was once part of the Bay of Bengal. Key points - Asia’s largest brackish water lake. - Formation - The process of the formation of the Chilika,in later part of the Pleistocene epoch. - The sea is connected with the Chilika Lake near Satapada through a shallow and narrow connecting channel. - This channel was obstructed by shoals, sand spits and sandbars. - The lake became shallower due to the deposition of sediments. - Mahanadi as outflow from the lake was restricted.

The project has two phases, 1. Phase-I - Daudhan dam complex and its appurtenances like Low and High Level Tunnel, Ken-Betwa link canal and Power houses 2. Phase-II - Lower Orr dam, Bina complex project, Kotha barrage - Daudhan dam comes within the core habitat of Panna Tiger Reserve. Use - 1. The project is expected to provide annual irrigation drinking water supply 2. Also generate 103 MW of hydropower. 3. Benefit to the drought-prone Bundelkhand region, which spreads across 13 districts of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. #Geography Tulip Garden - News: Prime Minister asked people to visit tulip garden in the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. - The Tulip garden is located at the foothills of Zaberwan range with an overview of Dal Lake It is the largest tulip garden in Asia. Key features: 1. This garden, built on a sloping ground in a terraced fashion with seven terraces. 2. It was opened in 2007 3. Tulip festival is organised at the onset of spring season in the Valley. Aim: to boost floriculture and tourism in Kashmir Valley by the then Chief Minister. #Environment Whale Shark - News: A whale shark was rescued by fishers in Odisha coast. - It is very important for marine megafauna like turtles, whales and sharks. Key points: 1. The dotted whale shark is the largest fish in the ocean 2. It is often called ‘Gentle Giant’ in fishing parlance. 3. It is a ‘filter feeder shark’ which means it does not eat meat like other sharks. 4. They filter sea water and feed on tiny planktons. Found: The largest whale shark aggregation in India is: 1. Along the Gujarat coats. 2. On the Bay of Bengal coast 3. Andhra Pradesh. - Whale sharks are found in all the tropical oceans of the world. - They are a protected species under the, 1. Indian Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 - Schedule I 2. IUCN Red List - Endangered 3. CITES - Appendix II Threat - 1. Accidental entanglement in fishing nets 2. Oil and gas drilling 3. Shipping lanes, etc., #Environment New Red Algae Species - Two new species of red seaweed - Hypnea indica and Hypnea bullata. - Discovered by marine biologists from Central University of Punjab. 1. Hypnea indica - Discovered from Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu, and Somnath Pathan and Sivrajpur in Gujarat.  2. Hypnea bullata - Discovered from Kanyakumari and Diu island of Daman and Diu. - Rhere are 63 species in the genus Hypnea globally. Key features: 1. consists of calcareous, erect, branched red seaweeds. 2. They grow in the intertidal regions of the coast (area that is submerged during the high tide and exposed during low tides.) Uses - widely used in the food industry. Threat - 1. Prone for the damage from ocean acidification 2. Climate change. #Environment Purple Revolution - Announced by :Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu. - It is phase 2 of purple revolution under Aroma Mission. - Background: success of the phase 1 in Doda, Jammu. Benefit: 1.Farmers in Doda district had their incomes quadrupled after shifting to lavender cultivation. 2. First-time farmers were given free lavender saplings 3. Those who have cultivated lavender before were charged Rs. 5-6 per sapling. 4. The farmers will get help from IIIM-Jammu to sell their produce. 5. Farmers could reach the four distillation units for extraction of lavender oil.  - Governments in Himachal Pradesh, Arunahal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are also encouraging their farmers to take up lavender. #Economy New Rules for Trusts and Non-profit Organisations - The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CDBT) has notified a new set of rules and application forms. - It is for trusts and non-profit organizations. - It will help them to get tax exemption for their own income. Key points about exemptions:

Charecterstics: 1. small to medium sized deciduous tree wear more flowers than leaves. 2. Flowers are bright orange with a unique petal shape, hence called 'flame of the forest.' 3. Each flower consists of five petals with a very curved beak-shaped keel. 4. This keel gives it the name, Parrot Tree - In Manipur, when a member of the Meitei community dies, and his body cannot be found, the wood of this tree is cremated in place of the body. - A postal stamp was issued by the Indian Postal Department to commemorate this flower. #MainsFodder #PT2021 SAAMAR Campaign - Strategic Action for Alleviation of Malnutrition and Anaemia Reduction. - Jharkhand government launched the SAAMAR campaign Aim: 1. to tackle malnutrition in the state. 2. to identify anaemic women and malnourished children through Anganwadi Centres 3. treatment at the nearest Malnutrition Treatment Centre. Key points: 1. It converges govt. departments and engagement with school management committees, gram sabhas etc. 2. launched with a 1000 days target 3. annual surveys will be conducted. 4. tries to target Primarily Vulnerable Tribal Groups. #MainsFodder #PT2021 3D-printed Clay Seabed Use: 3D printed tiles is used to restore Hong Kong's fragile coral reefs. - It work as an artificial clay seabed for corals to latch onto and thrive. - Around 84 species of coral are found in Hong Kong's waters. - It is more diverse than those found in the Caribbean Sea. Key points: 1. Providing suitable ground for the coral larvae to latch onto and build a new home. 2. will help in repopulating a dead or damaged reef. 3. survive better than the traditional way of transplantation. 4. Tiles used in this project are made with terracotta. 5. Clay is basically soil, and it is found everywhere on earth. 6. water chemistry is unchanged. #Geographyandenvironment Corals - Corals are colonies of living polyp invertebrates and are hugely sensitive to temperature changes. - When they get too hot, they lose their vibrant colour and die. - Australia's Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral system. - It is now so badly damaged - It is listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as "critical", the worst category. - Some subtropical corals thrive in warmer oceans because they form harder colonies, compared with their tropical corals. #IRcurrent Digital Green Certificates - Praposed by European Commission Aim: to facilitate the safe and free movement of citizens within the European Union (EU) amid the COVID-19 pandemic. - This certificate proves that a person has been vaccinated against covid-19. - This digital or paper format certificate with a QR code will be free of charge. - It can be issued by authorities, including hospitals, testing centres and health authorities. - Once the proposal for digital certificates is finalised, it will be accepted in all EU countries. - All EU citizens or third-country nationals who are legally staying in the EU can use these certificates. #IRDefence Medium-Range Surface to Air Missile - Kalyani Rafael Advanced Systems (KRAS) 1. It a private manufacturer of advanced weapons systems 2. It will deliver 1000 midsection MRSAM to Indian Armed Forces. 3. MRSAM of KRAS has a range of more than 70 km. Useful: 1. It has the ability of direct hit 2. its accuracy is so perfect that a flying aircraft on one or two or two max plus can be picked up 3. It hit directly rather than at a proximity distance as such. 4. This is one of the most proven weapon systems with the Israeli defence forces. #Geography Ken-Betwa Link Project - News: A memorandum of agreement was signed. - Between Union Minister of Jal Shakti and the Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh to implement this Project. Key features: - It is the first project under the National Perspective Plan for interlinking of rivers. - Under this project, water from the River Ken will be transferred to the River Betwa. -Both these rivers are tributaries of river Yamuna.

2.Can easily check details of their foodgrain entitlement, recent transactions. 3. status of Aadhaar seeding can be checked. 4.Can register their migration details. 5.An option to enter suggestions/feedback. #MainsFodder #PT2021 Maratha Quota Law - News: There are petitions in the Supreme Court against this law - Maratha quota law i.e. the Maharashtra State Reservation for Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC) Act. - It provides reservation to Marathas in jobs and admissions in the state. Key points: - The petitioners argument that the law was enacted without following the specific procedure laid out in Article 342A - Article 324A introduced by the 102nd Constitutional Amendment, 2018. - Under this act, it is only the President in consultation with the Governor can specify SEBC classes in a State. - There was no Presidential notification issued in consultation with the Governor in this law. #MainsFodder #PT2021 World Energy Transitions Outlook Report - This report, previewed at the Berlin Energy Transition Dialogue 2021. - Released by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). Report: - Covid-19 crisis offers an unexpected opportunity for countries to decouple their economies from fossil fuels. - accelerate the shift to renewable energy sources. - It proposes energy transition solutions for the narrow pathway available - contain the rise of temperature to 1.5°C and halt global warming. - IRENA estimates that by 2050, 90% of total electricity needs would be supplied by renewables, - followed by 6% from natural gas and the remaining from nuclear. - The agency has identified 30 innovations for the integration of wind and solar PV in power systems. #MainsFodder #PT2021 Baralacha Pass News: The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) would reopen the Baralacha Pass. Key points: - Baralacha La is a high mountain pass in Zanskar range - It connect Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Leh district in Ladakh. - Situated along the Leh–Manali Highway - it acts as a water-divide between the Bhaga river and the Yunam river. - Bhaga river, a tributary of the Chenab river, originates from Surya taal lake, - Surya taal lake is situated a few of kms from the pass towards Manali. - Chandra, a major tributary of the Chenab River, also originates from a glacier in this region. #MainsFodder #PT2021 Sangay Volcano - News: Ecuador’s Sangay volcano erupted, spewing clouds of ash. Key points: - Sangay volcano has been in an eruptive stage since 2019. [Ecuador, part of the Pacific Rim’s “Ring of Fire” region, has eight volcanoes in its territory.] - One of the world’s highest active volcanoes. - One of Ecuador's most active ones - is located in the northern zone of the Andes. - It is the southernmost stratovolcano. - It had frequently erupted in historic times, mostly of strombolian type. - The earliest report of a historical eruption was in 1628. - More or less continuous eruptions were reported from 1934 to the present. #MainsFodder #PT2021 Adenovirus-based Vaccine - This vaccine platform technology used by AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson. - It has shown lower vaccine efficacy. Key points: 1. A loss of potency of adenovirus-based vaccine if there are pre-existing antibodies. 2. Pre-existing antibodies against adenoviruses will stop the adenovirus particles from getting into cells. 3. making the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein they carry the code for. 4. The presence of pre-existing antibodies against adenovirus and those developed after first and second dose of the vaccine. 5. It becomes particularly important when repeat vaccinations are needed. #MainsFodder #PT2021 Butea monosperma - News: Butea monosperma tree is now in bloom across the Nilgiris. - They bloom from January to March. Location: Native to India - Also known as Bastard teak, this tree is widely grown in South Asia

#MainsFodder #PT2021 Mankidias and Khadias - Mankidias and Khadias are the two of the 13 particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTG) - located in Odisha. - These tribals collect siali fibre and wild honey, which are seasonal, from Similipal forest. - Concern: Due to the recent forest fire, they couldn’t collect them. - Nearly 250 people from the tribe live in 9 villages located on the fringes of Similipal. - Their rights should be recognised under The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. #MainsFodder #PT2021 E3 Certification Programme - Energy Efficiency Enterprise (E3) Certifications Programme for Brick manufacturing Sector. - launched by Ministry of Power - Comes under 'Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav'. - The E3 Certificate will be awarded enterprises whose specific energy consumption will be 25% lower than the national baseline. - Enterprises shifting to energy efficient brick manufacturing technology. - Enterprises whose Production of lower density bricks with better thermal insulation. Significance: 1. It will lead to cost savings 2. Energy savings to occupiers 3. Better thermal comfort and improved insulation properties. 4. India is the world's 2nd largest producer of bricks. 5. This demand would multiply 3 to 4 times over the next 20 years, through E3 Certification. #MainsFodder #PT2021 Influx from Myanmar - News: Ministry of Home Affairs has directed Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh to check illegal influx from Myanmar into India. Concern: India already has a lot of Rohingya migrated from Myanmar. Key points: - India, treats all refugees as illegal immigrants. - In 2020- 40,000 Rohingya refugees in India. - The State governments have no powers to grant “refugee status to any foreigner”. - India is not a signatory to the United Nations Refugee Convention of 1951 and its 1967 Protocol. - A Free Movement Regime (FMR) exists between India and Myanmar. - Under FMR every member of the hill tribes, who is either a citizen of India or a citizen of Myanmar - Resident of any area within 16 km on either side of the Indo-Myanmar Border (IMB) can cross the border with a border pass - FMR issued by the competent authority and can stay up to two weeks per visit. India Myanmar Border: - India and Myanmar share a 1,643 km border and people on either side have familial ties. - The border along the four states is unfenced and porous. #MainsFodder #PT2021 QUAD(Quadrilateral Framework) - News: Recently, the Prime Minister addressed the first summit of the leaders' of the QUAD. - The meeting was hosted by the USA on a virtual platform. - In February 2021, QUAD ministerial meeting discussed issues across Indo-Pacific and the military takeover in Myanmar. - QUAD is a grouping of India, USA, Australia and Japan. - Aim: To safeguard the interests of democratic nations in the Indo-Pacific region and address global challenges. Key Points - Focus: On pressing crises, such as Covid-19, climate change and emerging technologies. - Pledge: 1. to promote a free, open rules-based order, rooted in international law  2. to advance security and prosperity  3. To counter threats to both in the Indo-Pacific and beyond. Highlights: - Quad Vaccine Partnership: Appreciated the Vaccine Maitri initiative (India’s Vaccine Diplomacy) of India. #MainsFodder #PT2021 Mera Ration APP - In order to facilitate the 'One Nation One Ration Card’ system in the country - Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution has launched the 'Mera Ration' mobile app. Aim: to benefit citizens in identifying the nearest Fair Price Shop (FPS). Benefit: especially those ration card holders who move to new areas for livelihoods. Developed by the National Informatics Center  National Informatics Center (NIC). Language: The application is currently available in English and Hindi. (it is planned to be introduced in 14 languages) Facilities to the Beneficiaries: 1. Can identify and locate the nearest fair price shop.

फायदा :- MAINS 2019 वालो को नुकसान :- जो साल भर से 2020 की तैयारी कर रहे है 👇 1). पहली बार 21+ age वाले 2). जिनका 2019 में नही हुआ था आगे क्या होगा :- कटऑफ बढेगा । जो इन 80 दिन को हलके में लेगा या स्टडी continue नही करेगा , उसको परेशानी होगी मगर फायदा :- अब मैन्स की तैयारी कर सकते है ।। 2020 वाले आयोग :- ●कैलेंडर बिगड़ जाएगा ● मेंस 2020 वालों को मैन्स के लिए कम समय दिया जाएगा, pre के बाद Forwarded*

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MPPSC 2020 Pre- POSEPONEDमध्य प्रदेश लोक सेवा आयोग के द्वारा विज्ञप्ति जारी की गई है जिसमें कोरोना महामारी के फैसले संक्रमण को ध्यान में रखते हुए स्वास्थ्य एवं सुरक्षा की दृष्टि से दिनांक 11/03/ 2021 को पूर्व निर्धारित राज्य सेवा प्रारंभिक परीक्षा 2020 को आयोग के द्वारा स्थगित करने का निर्णय लिया गया है और इसकी संभावित तिथि 20/06/ 2021 प्रस्तावित की गई है यह आयोग की वेबसाइट पर नोटिस अपलोड कर दिया गया है इसमें किसी भी तरह के भ्रम की स्थिति ना रखें और इसी तरह की जानकारी सबसे पहले पाने के लिए हमारे साथ जुड़े रहे JOIN NOW 👇👇 @MP_PSC_NOTES @MP_PSC_QUIZ @MPEXAMGURUJI 🎯🎯🎯👆👆🎯🎯