Chemistry Physics Biology

🌟 Important Charts 🌟

🔰 Hydrocarbons 🔰 Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms. They are the most basic and abundant type of organic compounds, and they serve as the building blocks for a variety of other organic compounds. There are two main types of hydrocarbons: 👉🏻 Alkanes: Alkanes are the simplest type of hydrocarbons and have only single bonds between their carbon atoms. They are also referred to as "saturated hydrocarbons" because they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible for a given number of carbon atoms. Examples of alkanes include methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and propane (C3H8). 👉🏻 Alkenes: Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond between their carbon atoms. They are referred to as "unsaturated hydrocarbons" because they contain fewer hydrogen atoms than the maximum possible for a given number of carbon atoms. Examples of alkenes include ethene (C2H4) and propene (C3H6). Hydrocarbons are important as sources of energy, and they play a key role in many industrial processes, including the production of fuels, plastics, and synthetic materials. They are also used as solvents and as raw materials for the synthesis of a wide range of other organic compounds.

Electric Charges and Fields 1. Electric Charge Charge is the property associated with matter due to which it produces and experiences electric and magnetic effect. 2. Conductors and Insulators Those substances which readily allow the passage of electricity through them are called conductors, e.g. metals, the earth and those substances which offer high resistance to the passage of electricity are called insulators, e.g. plastic rod and nylon. 3. Transference of electrons is the cause of frictional electricity. 4. Additivity of Charges- Charge are scalars and they add up like real numbers. It means if a system consists of n charges q1, q2, q3 , … ,qn, then total charge of the system will be q1 +q2 + … +qn. 5. Conservation of Charge The total charge of an isolated system is always conserved, i.e. initial and final charge of the system will be same. 6. Quantisation of Charge -Charge exists in discrete amount rather than continuous value and hence, quantised. Mathematically, charge on an object, q=±ne where, n is an integer and e is electronic charge. When any physical quantity exists in discrete packets rather than in continuous amount, the quantity is said to be quantised. Hence, charge is quantised. 7. Units of Charge (i) SI unit coulomb (C) (ii) CGS system (a) electrostatic unit, esu of charge or stat-coulomb (stat-C) (b) electromagnetic unit, emu of charge or ab-C (ab-coulomb) 1 ab-C = 10 C, 1 C = 3 x 109 stat-C

⊙ Hydrocarbon Notes ⊙ Full Handwritten Short Notes

🔥Periodic Table Chemistry Tricks 🔥 Group 1 - Lina Kare Rab Se Fariyad Elements - Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Group 2 - Beta Mange Car Safari Baap Razi Elements - Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Group 13 - Bengan, Aaloo, Gazar In Thella Elements - B, Al, Ga, In, Tl Group 14 - Chemistry Sir Gives Sanki Problems. Elements - C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb Group 15 - Nepal Pakistan Australia Sab Bikhari (No offence!!) Elements - N, P, As, Sb, Bi Group 16 - Old Style Se Tepo Elements - O, S, Se, Te, Po Group 17 - Fir Call kar Bahaar AayI Aunty Elements - F, Cl, Br, I, At Group 18 - Heena Neena Aur Kareena Xenath Rangeen Elements - He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn D blocks elements - Esi TV Corporation Mange Fir raha hein, Koi Ni Kuch nahi Janta Elements - Sc, T, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn

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