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#BiharCurrentAffairs #PanchayatiRajInstitutions #Decentralization #WomenEmpowerment Panchayati Raj Day: Successful Story of Bihar’s Gram Kachharis As India celebrated the Panchayati Raj Day on April 24, Bihar’s village courts or Gram Kachharis have shown some inspiring statistics in terms of empowerment of grassroots democracy and women’s participation. They have resolved 87% cases between 2021-23, bringing down the load on judiciary, and helped women’s participation go beyond the 50% quota at various levels in the Panchyati Raj Institutions (PRIs), according to a study compiled by the PanchayatI Raj Chair, Chanakya National Law University (CNLU), Patna. The state has set up such courts in every panchayat for resolving local disputes with the involvement of local people. The village courts, where lawyers are prohibited from appearing, has emerged as the nursery of the judicial system in Bihar and is a successful example of the neighbourhood governance, as it saves time and money of the poor people of the rural areas with justice delivery at their doorsteps. The Supreme Court of India has also recently emphasized to resolve the petty issue through mediation, which is what Gram Kachahary is mandated to do in Bihar. The village courts have also helped to significantly increase women’s participation in PRIs. Bihar was the first state to give 50% reservation to women and the village courts have helped their participation go beyond the quota at various levels in the PRIs. The Gram Kachaharis have 50% women as rural arbitrators, who have helped connect locals with the system and restore confidence of the fair sex. Women also feeling confident to approach the village courts. Under the Bihar Panchayat Raj Act, 2006, the members of the Gram Kachahari are elected on basis of adult franchise as per Article 326 of the Indian Constitution. Since the Gram Kachahari members have no professional degree to deal with legal matters, the Act provides for appointment of one law graduate as Nyaya-Mitra and an intermediate pass person as Gram Kachahari Secretary in each Gram Kachahari under Section 94 of the said Act. A provision exists in the Act to impart training to all elected members about their functions and responsibilities.

#BiharCurrentAffairs #Malnutrition #middaymeal Nutri gardens in Bihar govt schools to make midday meal healthy In a unique initiative, the state education department has introduced the concept of nutrition garden or nutri garden in some of the government schools. The move is aimed at preventing malnutrition among children, sensitizing them about the importance of healthy food and getting them connected to nature. Under the scheme, students grow vegetables, use the organic waste from their midday meal kitchen to make vermicompost and also learn about nutrient values of different vegetables and fruits practically. The scheme, implemented under Ankuran Pariyojana by education department's directorate of midday meal and UNICEF, had started on a pilot basis in 40 schools in two districts - Purnia and Sitamarhi - last year. The main motive was preventing malnutrition among children coming from economically poor backgrounds. As per NHFS-5, stunting is prevalent among 42.9% of under-five children and 22.9% of them were suffering from wasting in Bihar. The same survey also revealed that 69.4% are anaemic in the state.

#BiharCurrentAffairs Dedicated cyber police stations in 44 Bihar districts soon Bihar will soon have dedicated cyber police stations in each of the 44 districts to deal with cyber-related crimes cases. The cyber police stations will have jurisdiction over the entire police district. Currently, there is no cyber police station in the state even though seven are operational in the neighbouring Jharkhand, 18 in Uttar Pradesh, 14 in Odisha and 15 in Delhi. Bihar has set up 74 Cyber Crime and Social Media Units (CCSMUs) instead, with big districts having up to 3-4 units. Police headquarters now plan to convert the existing CCSMUs into cyber police stations to ensure easy accessibility and quick disposal of cases related to online fraud, said the official. The economic offence unit (EoU) of the Bihar police deals with cases of cyber fraud.

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#68050 #68thMains Q. Various types of caste inequality and injustice still prevail in Indian society and caste continues to be an important social reality. In that light analyse the importantance of caste-based census in Bihar. भारतीय समाज में विभिन्न प्रकार की जाति असमानता और अन्याय अभी भी व्याप्त है और जाति एक महत्वपूर्ण सामाजिक वास्तविकता बनी हुई है। इस संदर्भ में बिहार में जाति आधारित जनगणना के महत्व का विश्लेषण कीजिए।

#68thMains #68049 Q. In the present scenario, the key issues of the country are: “Increasing population, higher health risks, degraded natural resources and dwindling farm lands”. Discuss at least four scientific initiatives on each of the four areas that you would like to apply. वर्तमान परिदृश्य में, देश के प्रमुख मुद्दे हैं: “बढ़ती हुई जनसंख्या, उच्च स्वास्थ्य जोखिम, घटते हुए प्राकृतिक संसाधन और घटती जा रही कृषि भूमि “। इन चारों क्षेत्रों में से प्रत्येक के लिए कम-से-कम चार वैज्ञानिक प्रयासों की चर्चा कीजिए, जिन्हें आप लागू करना चाहेंगे।

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#BiharCurrentAffairs नीतीश कुमार ने जाति आधारित सर्वेक्षण के दूसरे चरण की शुरुआत की मुख्यमंत्री नीतीश कुमार ने शनिवार (15 अप्रैल, 2023) को पटना जिले के बख्तियारपुर कस्बे में अपने पैतृक घर से जाति आधारित सर्वेक्षण के दूसरे चरण का शुभारंभ किया और देश भर में जाति आधारित जनगणना की पुरजोर वकालत की. सर्वेक्षण का दूसरा चरण, जिसमें प्रगणक किसी व्यक्ति/परिवार की जाति और आर्थिक स्थिति के बारे में प्रश्न पूछेगा, 15 मई तक चलेगा। डाटा का काम पूरा होने के बाद जाति आधारित सर्वेक्षण की रिपोर्ट बिहार विधानसभा और बिहार विधान परिषद के पटल पर रखी जाएगी। उसके बाद रिपोर्ट सार्वजनिक की जाएगी। Nitish Kumar launches 2nd phase of caste-based survey Chief minister Nitish Kumar on Saturday (15 April, 2023) launched the second phase of the caste-based survey from his ancestral home at Bakhtiyarpur town in Patna district, and strongly advocated for caste-based census across the country. The second phase of the survey, in which the enumerator will ask questions about caste and economic status of a person/ family, will continue till May 15. Once the data work is completed, the report of the caste-based survey would be tabled in the Bihar Vidhan Sabha and the Bihar Vidhan Parishad. After that the report would be made public.

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#68047 #68thMains Q. Despite being the home to a large proportion (58%) of young (below the age of 25) population, Bihar has lowest labour force participation rates (both male and female) in India. Discuss the reasons behind this. What are the state government’s measures to improve this situation? युवा (25 वर्ष से कम आयु) आबादी के एक बड़े अनुपात (58%) होने के बावजूद, भारत में बिहार में श्रम बल भागीदारी दर (पुरुष और महिला दोनों) सबसे कम है। इसके पीछे के कारणों की चर्चा कीजिए। इस स्थिति को सुधारने के लिए राज्य सरकार के क्या कदम उठा रही है? Bihar Economic Survey 2022-23, Ch 5

#BiharCurrentAffairs Performance of Bihar's VTR falls to ‘good’ category The rating of Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) in the latest tiger census report released by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Sunday plunged from “very good” to “good” category in management effectiveness evaluation (MEE) system. VTR, the only tiger reserve in Bihar, has scored 77.97% in the MEE, putting it at 38th position among the 51 tiger reserves assessed in the latest census report, titled ‘Status of Tigers 2022’. The VTR is among only the three tiger reserves in the country whose performance has gone down. The other two tiger reserves include Nameri in Assam and Udanti-Sitanadi in Chhattisgarh. This was the fifth cycle of MEE under the nationwide tiger estimation exercise in India. Altogether 28 tiger reserves were assessed in the first cycle in 2006, 39 in 2010, 43 in 2014, 50 in 2018 and 51 in 2022. The rating of VTR under MEE was “fair” in 2006 and 2010 and “very good” in 2014 and 2018. The state-wide tiger numbers under the 2022 census are not released yet. बिहार के वीटीआर का प्रदर्शन 'अच्छी' श्रेणी में गिरी प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी द्वारा जारी नवीनतम बाघ जनगणना रिपोर्ट में वाल्मीकि टाइगर रिजर्व (वीटीआर) की रेटिंग प्रबंधन प्रभावशीलता मूल्यांकन (एमईई) प्रणाली में "बहुत अच्छी" से "अच्छी" श्रेणी में गिर गई। बिहार में एकमात्र टाइगर रिजर्व वीटीआर ने एमईई में 77.97% स्कोर किया है, जो इसे 'स्टेटस ऑफ टाइगर्स 2022' शीर्षक वाली नवीनतम जनगणना रिपोर्ट में मूल्यांकन किए गए 51 टाइगर रिजर्व में 38वें स्थान पर रखता है। वीटीआर देश के केवल उन तीन बाघ अभयारण्यों में से है, जिनका प्रदर्शन नीचे चला गया है। अन्य दो बाघ अभयारण्यों में असम में नमेरी और छत्तीसगढ़ में उदंती-सीतानदी शामिल हैं। भारत में राष्ट्रव्यापी बाघ आकलन अभ्यास के तहत एमईई का यह पांचवां चक्र था। कुल मिलाकर 2006 में पहले चक्र में 28, 2010 में 39, 2014 में 43, 2018 में 50 और 2022 में 51 टाइगर रिजर्व का आकलन किया गया था। एमईई के तहत वीटीआर की रेटिंग 2006 और 2010 में "उचित" और 2014 और 2018 में "बहुत अच्छी" थी। 2022 की जनगणना के तहत राज्यव्यापी बाघों की संख्या अभी जारी नहीं की गई है।

#68thMains #68046 Q. The main objectives of the current Bihar government are ‘development with justice’ and ‘deliver good governance’. Discuss the e-governance schemes of Bihar State government in order to achieve these objectives. वर्तमान बिहार सरकार का मुख्य उद्देश्य 'न्याय के साथ विकास' और 'सुशासन देना' है. इन उद्देश्यों को प्राप्त करने के लिए बिहार राज्य सरकार की ई-गवर्नेंस योजनाओं की चर्चा कीजिए। Bihar Economic Survey 2022-23, Ch-7

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#68thMains #68044 Q. Discuss the salient features of 73rd Amendment Act of 1992. 1992 के 73वें संशोधन अधिनियम की मुख्य विशेषताओं पर चर्चा करें। #68045 Q. What is the importance of Local Self Governments in a democracy such as India? Why do you think the makers of the Constitution did not give adequate importance to this subject in the original constitutional document? भारत जैसे लोकतंत्र में स्थानीय स्वशासन का क्या महत्व है? आपके विचार से संविधान निर्माताओं ने मूल संवैधानिक दस्तावेज में इस विषय को पर्याप्त महत्व क्यों नहीं दिया?