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|🍁UP BOARD ENGLISH NCERT CLASS 12🍁|
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यदि inverted commas के अन्दर O,well,okay इत्यादि हो तो इसे indirect speech में लुप्त कर देते हैं
Q. He said,"Okay, Mohan,you can go now."
यदि inverted commas के अंदर सम्बोधन के शब्द के रूप में कोई नाम का प्रयोग हुआ हो तो इसे Reporting verb का object बना देते हैं।
Q. He said,"Ankit,I want to teach you."
1. यदि Reporting Verb , Present या Future Tense में हो तब Reported Speech के Tense में कोई Change नहीं होता है ।
2. Reported Speech Containing Universal / General Truth
यदि Reported Speech यानी Inverted Commas ( " ... " ) के अन्दर कोई ऐसा कथन हो जिससे विश्वव्यापी सत्य | चिरंतन सत्य या सिद्धांत ( Universal Truth ) या सामान्य सत्य ( General Truth ) का बोध हो , तो Reporting Verb के Past Tense में रहने पर भी Reported Speech के Tense में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता है ।
Note 🎵🎵🎵🎵🎵🎵🎵
If there are any universal truth, habitual fact in the reporting speech, no changes are made to the reported verb’s tense.
Note 🎶🎵
If the reporting verb is in present or future tense, no changes are made to the verb/tense of the reported speech.
He said to the Judge, "I did not commit this crime."
They said, "Mother, we are not hungry; we shall eat later."
4. He said, "If I had the tools I could mend the car."
❣Rules for changing the direct speech into indirect speech are given below:❣
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💐The inverted commas (“ “) used in Direct Narration is removed in Indirect Narration and “that” conjunction is used.
💐If the reporting verb is in present or future tense, no changes are made to the verb/tense of the reported speech.
💐If the reporting verb is in past tense, we make changes to the reported verb as per the below rule:
Simple present tense changes to simple past tense.
Present continuous tense changes to past continuous tense.
Present perfect tense changes to past perfect tense.
Present Perfect continuous tense changes to past perfect continuous tense.
Simple past tense changes to past perfect tense.
Past continuous tense changes to past perfect continuous tense.
💐No changes are made to past perfect and past perfect continuous tense.
💐Can, shall, will, may, must changes to could, should, would, might and must respectively.
💐If there are any universal truth, habitual fact in the reporting speech, no changes are made to the reported verb’s tense.
💐Words like “this, these, tomorrow, yesterday change to that, those, the next day, the previous day” respectively.
Below are the rules for changing the pronouns correctly:
❣First person pronoun changes according to the subject of reporting speech.
❣Second person pronoun changes according to the object of reporting speech.
❣Third person pronoun does not change in indirect speech.
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Narration/speech
Part 1️⃣
Assertive sentence
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Says to = tells
Say to = tell
Said to= told
( " )= that
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said = said
Say= say
Says= says
