Learn with NITISH KUMAR

🦟 World Malaria Day, April 25: • World Malaria Day is recognised globally on April 25 with an aim to spread awareness about the this mosquito borne disease. • Theme for this year is: “Harness innovation to reduce the malaria disease burden and save lives". • According to WHO’s latest World malaria report, there were an estimated 241 million malaria cases and 6,27,000 malaria deaths worldwide. • The WHO African Region accounted for 95% of malaria cases (228 million) and 96% of deaths (6,02,000) worldwide in 2020. • WHO has initiated the High Burden to High Impact (HBHI) initiative in 11 high malaria burden countries, including India. • There are almost 40 plus countries and territories in the world which have been declared malaria-free nations by the World Health Organisation. • Very recently El Salvador and China received the "Malaria Free Certification" in 2021 after Algeria and Argentina in 2019. □ Malaria in India: • Malaria Elimination efforts were initiated in the country in 2015 and were intensified after the launch of National Framework for Malaria Elimination (NFME) in 2016 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. • National Strategic Plan for Malaria Elimination (2017-22) was launched by the Health Ministry in July, 2017 which laid down strategies for the next five years. • India is amongst the 6 countries that are most prone to malaria and it has been estimated that malaria impacts 241 million individuals globally in 2020. • India has set a goal of completely becoming a Malaria-free nation by the year 2030. □ About Malaria: • The deadly disease is transmitted via the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes that are infected by the plasmodium parasite. • And when a mosquito bites a human, a parasite is released into the bloodstream, resulting in malaria. • Malaria caused in humans occurs by five parasitic species. They are Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium knowlesi. • P. falciparum and P. vivax are the most dangerous. • Sir Ronald Ross was a British medical doctor. He received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on the transmission of Malaria.

■ World Heritage Irrigation Structures (WHIS) 2021. • The International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage (ICID) has recognised three ancient waterbodies in Tamil Nadu — Grand Anicut, Veeranam lake and Kalingarayan Anicut and Sukwa Dhukwan Weir in Uttar Pradesh as World Heritage Irrigation Structures in the State for the year 2021. • The World Heritage Irrigation Structures will be included in the ICID Register of World Heritage Structures. • The International Commission on Irrigation & Drainage (ICID) was established in 1950. Its headquarters is in New Delhi. • The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) is a global network of irrigation, drainage, and flood management experts, annually recognises irrigation structures of international significance on the lines of World Heritage Sites recognised by UNESCO. • Each year, the ICID gives four awards to India and for the year 2021, three from Tamil Nadu and one from Uttar Pradesh were chosen. • Every year, the Indian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage would recommend eligible proposals from various States for World Heritage Irrigation Structures Award and Watsave Award. • The ICID may provide technical guidance for sustainability, conservation and safety management of the waterbodies. • The role of these waterbodies in achieving food security will also be publicised by the ICID. □ Major criterias for WHIS are: 1) The structure should be more than 100 years old. 2) Its features should remain unchanged. 3) It should still be serving its purpose. 4) Achieving food security and have archival value. □ Kallanai Dam (Tamil Nadu): • The Kallanai Dam (Grand Anicut) was built during the 2nd century AD by Karikala Cholan. • The 2,000 year old dam is the oldest in India and fourth oldest in the world. • The dam is built on Cauvery river. • It is built using unhewn stones through inter-locking technology and irrigates 13,20,116 acres in delta districts. □ Veeranam Lake (Tamil Nadu): • The Veeranam lake, named after Veera Narayana Perumal temple, was built during the rule of Paranthaga Chola-1 in 9th century AD. □ Kalingarayan Anicut (Tamil Nadu): • The Kalingarayan Anicut was constructed across the river Bhavani just above its confluence with river Cauvery. • It was built in 1285 AD by Kalingarayan Gounder. □ Sukwa Dhukwan weir (Uttar Pradesh): • It is often known as the Niagra Falls of Bundelkhand, the Sukwa Dhukwan weir was built in 1906. • It was built across the River Betwa.

📰 News (25-04-2022): ■ Palli in Jammu becomes India’s first carbon-neutral panchayat. • Palli village in Jammu’s Samba district has become the country’s first panchayat to become carbon neutral, fully powered by solar energy and with all its records digitised and saturation of benefits of all the Central schemes. • Palli was a major step towards the Glasgow goal of making India carbon-neutral. “With the inauguration of a 500 KW solar power plant at Palli, it is the first panchayat to become carbon-neutral,” the PM said. • Referring to the Glasgow Climate Change Conference attended by him last year, Mr. Modi said he was witness to speeches and statements being made during the conference on reducing carbon generation. • It helps to achieve India's target of Net-Zero by 2070. ■ PM Narendra Modi receives 1st Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award. • Prime Minister Narendra Modi received the first Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award for his selfless service to the nation and society. • The Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award was instituted in the memory and honour of Lata Mangeshkar, affectionately known as Lata didi, who died at the age of 92. • The award will be given every year to an individual who has made exemplary contributions to our nation, its people and our society. ■ After a hiatus, household consumer spending survey to resume in July. • The All-India Household Consumer Expenditure Survey, usually conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO) every five years, is set to resume this year after a prolonged break. • India hasn’t had any official estimates on per capita household spending, used to arrive at estimates of poverty levels in different parts of the country and to review economic indicators like the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), since 2011–12. • The government had junked the findings of the last Survey, conducted in 2017–18, citing “data quality” issues. • “A decision has been taken to conduct the Survey from July and we have begun planning exercises to train the enumerators who will carry out the 2022–23 Survey on the ground,” an official said. • Typically, the Survey is conducted between July and June and this year’s exercise is expected to be completed by June 2023. • Estimates of household Monthly Per Capita Consumer Expenditure (MPCE) and the distribution of households and persons over different MPCE classes, based on the Survey, may only become available about a year after the field work is completed. • The results will include separate data sets for rural and urban parts, and also splice spending patterns for each State and Union Territory, as well as different socio–economic groups. • The last survey whose findings were made public was conducted in 2011-12 □ Why this long pause? • A survey was conducted in 2017-18 too, but its results were not released owing to 'quality' concerns. • It reportedly reflected the first drop in monthly per capita household spending since 1972-73, with a rise in poverty incidence.

BPSC 67th Admit Card released👇 👉login with I'd & password and download your admit Card. Bihar Public Service Commission Portal https://onlinebpsc.bihar.gov.in/main/home Best Wishes for your Exam. https://t.me/materialsforupscbpsc

BPSC 67th Admit Card released👇 👉login with I'd & password and download your admit Card. Bihar Public Service Commission Portal https://onlinebpsc.bihar.gov.in/main/home Best Wishes for your Exam. Join>> https://t.me/materialsforupscbpsc

■ WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine (GCTM): • Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine (GCTM) in Jamnagar in Gujarat in the presence of Mauritius Prime Minister Pravind Kumar Jugnauth and World Health Organisation Director–General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. • The first of its kind, the GCTM will be a global outpost centre for traditional medicine across the world. • Jamnagar was chosen for the new centre because more than 50 years ago, the world’s first Ayurvedic University was set up there. • Jamnagar will serve as the hub, the new centre is being designed to engage and benefit all regions of the world. • The new centre focuses on four main strategic areas: Evidence and learning; Data and analytics; Sustainability and equity; and Innovation and technology to optimize the contribution of traditional medicine to global health and sustainable development. • Its main focus is to develop norms, standards and guidelines in technical areas relating to traditional medicine. • Traditional medicine in India is often defined as including practices and therapies — such as yoga, Ayurveda, Siddha — that have been part of Indian tradition historically, as well as others — such as homeopathy — that became part of Indian tradition over the years. • Ayurveda and yoga are practised widely across the country; the Siddha system is followed predominantly in Tamil Nadu and Kerala; the Sowa-Rigpa system is practised mainly in Leh-Ladakh and Himalayan regions such as Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Darjeeling, Lahaul & Spiti. • On November 3, 2020, Dr Tedros announced the establishment of the WHO GCTM in India . The Union Cabinet in March this year approved its establishment in Jamnagar. • The GCTM will support efforts to implement the WHO’s Traditional Medicine Strategy (2014-23), which aims to support nations in developing policies & action plans to strengthen the role of traditional medicine in pursuing the goal of universal health coverage. • According to WHO estimates, 80% of the world’s population uses traditional medicine. • The WHO says 170 of its 194 WHO Member States have reported the use of traditional medicine.

■ International Day for Monuments and Sites (World Heritage Day), April 18: • Each year World Heritage Day is commemorated on April 18 to spread awareness about preserving the history, diversity, and vulnerability of world heritage sites and monuments. • This day is also known as International Monuments and Sites Day. • The World Heritage Day theme for 2022 is "Heritage and Climate". • In 1982, The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) proposed that April 18 should be observed as the World Heritage Day. • Later, the date was approved by UNSECO at the 22nd General Conference in 1983. • It is aimed at enhancing knowledge about cultural heritage and monuments and sensitising people to conserve them. • The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) has designated total of 1155 monuments in 167 countries as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. • The UNESCO's Headquarters is located at Paris in France. • Currently, India has 40 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. • Kaktiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple and Dholavira are the latest additions. Both were added in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites List in 2021.