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Due process of law Vs Procedure established by law : Due process of law : • Due process of law doctrine not only checks if there is a law to deprive the life and personal liberty of a person but also see if the law made is fair, just and not arbitrary. • If Supreme Court finds that any law as not fair, it will declare it is as null and void. This Doctrine provides for more fair treatment of individual rights. • Under due process, it is the legal requirement that the state must respect all of the legal rights that are owed to a person and laws that states enact must conform to the laws of the land like fairness, fundamental rights, liberty etc. It also gives the Judiciary to access fundamental fairness, justice, and liberty of any legislation. • The American Constitution provides for 'due process of law'. Procedure established by law : • It does not seek whether the laws made by Parliament is fair, just and not arbitrary. • "Procedure established by law" means a duly enacted is valid even if it is contrary to principles of justice and equity. The strict following of the procedure established by law may raise the risk of compromise to life and personal liberty of individuals. • Indian Constitution contains "Procedure established by law". It is borrowed from Japanese constitution. • Article 21(Protection of life and personal liberty) of the Indian Constitution says that "No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law". • It means that a law that is duly enacted by the legislature or concerned body is valid if it has followed the correct procedure. Following this doctrine means that, a person can be deprived of his life or personal liberty according to the procedure established by law.

📰 News : Call for action to protect Odisha tribes. • There are totally 75 PVTGs are in India. • Highest number of PVTGs are in Odisha (13). • They are Birhor, Bondo, Didayi, Dongria-Khond, Juang, Kharia, Kutia Khond, Lanjia Saora, Lodha, Mankidia, Paudi Bhuyan, Saora, Chuktia Bhunjia.

Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) : • PMJJBY is a life insurance scheme that was launched on 9th May 2015 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Kolkata. • It works under the Department of Financial Service, Ministry of Finance. • The age limit for PMJJBY (Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana) is minimum 18 years and maximum 50 years. • They should have bank accounts and be willing to give consent for auto debit. Aadhaar is the primary KYC document for the bank account. The annual premium of Rs.330 will be auto debited by May 31. The premium paid is tax free. • The risk coverage is Rs.2 lakh incase of death. • PMJJBY does not lapse incase the premium is not paid. • PMJJBY is available in Private and Public Sector banks. Need to have a Savings Bank Account to avail the schemes. • As per PMJJBY, cover for the death of the insured is given regardless of the cause of the death. The money would be paid to the nominee in case of death of the insured. • The risk cover is applicable after the first 45 days of the enrollment (lien clause). However, deaths due to accidents will be exempt from the lien clause and paid for.

What is Vaccine Tourism? A couple of days ago, reports emerged of a Dubai-based tour operator offering a 24-day package tour from Delhi to Moscow that has included two shots of the Russian Sputnik-V vaccine. What is vaccine tourism? In India, the term "vaccine tourism" became popular late last year when reports emerged of several tour operators offering packages to the US with the additional benefit of a vaccine shot. Meanwhile, South Africans are said to be flying to Zimbabwe, Canadians and South Americans are traveling to the US for jabs, while tour operators in Europe are offering trips to Russia for Sputnik V shots. It is said that Russia and the Maldives are already working on programs to offer people abroad the chance to get vaccinated during a visit; similar offerings are sprouting in the US as well. Why is it gaining popularity? In fact, vaccine tourism is an emerging trend in countries where vaccines are in short supply, or where certain groups are still restricted from being inoculated. Still, there are only a few countries in the world (parts of the US, Russia, Slovakia, Zimbabwe, etc) that don't restrict their vaccination policy to local residents. Currently, it is not illegal to travel to a foreign country to get vaccinated if air travel is allowed. Recently, Seychelles announced that only vaccinated visitors from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh who have completed two weeks after their second dose are permitted to travel to and enter the island nation, with proof. Can Indians go abroad to get vaccinated for Covid-19? There may be no need for anyone from India to go abroad for vaccination since all eligible Indians will be vaccinated in the country by the end of this year - that too, at the most reasonable rates possible. However, the idea of vaccine tourism is gaining momentum in India. Many Indians, who fled to Dubai just before the international flight ban came into effect last month, are said to be availing of the Chinese vaccine Sinopharm shots in the UAE. Not to be confused with Vaccine Passport Sometimes, vaccine tourism is confused with vaccine passports, which is a more regulated practice gaining currency around the world. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Person in news: Sunderlal Bahuguna Veteran environmentalist and architect of the Chipko Movement Sundarlal Bahuguna, 94 has succumbed to COVID. Sunderlal Bahuguna Bahuguna was one of the leaders of the Chipko movement, fighting for the preservation of forests in the Himalayas. Chipko means 'embrace' or 'tree huggers' and this vast movement was a decentralized one with many leaders usually being village women. Often, they would chain themselves to trees so that loggers could not cut down forests. These actions slowed down the destruction, but more importantly, they brought deforestation to the public's attention. His contributions From 1981-1983, Sundarlal Bahuguna led a 5,000-kilometre march across the Himalayas, ending with a meeting with late PM Indira Gandhi, to protect some areas of the Himalayan forests from tree-felling. Sundarlal Bahuguna was also a leader in the movement to oppose the Tehri dam project and in defending India's rivers. He also worked for women's rights and the rights of the poor. His methods were Gandhian, making use of peaceful resistance and non-violence. The Chipko Movement received the 1987 Right Livelihood Award, also referred to as the Alternative Nobel Prize. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

📰 News : Amid COVID worries, a glimmer of solace in PMJJBY.

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) : • The PVTGs are the marginalized section of the Scheduled tribes of India. They are a section who are relatively isolated, educationally and socio-economically backward, living in a habitat far away from amenities. • It is a government of India classification created with the purpose of enabling improvement in the conditions of certain communities with particularly low development. • The criteria followed for determination of PVTGs are 1) A pre-agriculture level of technology, 2) A stagnant or declining population, 3) Extremely low literacy, 4) A subsistence level of economy. • The term ‘scheduled tribe’ is primarily an administrative and constitutional concept. Article 366 (25) of the Constitution of India refers to Scheduled Tribes as those communities, who are scheduled in accordance with Article 342 of the Constitution. • The essential characteristics laid down by the Lokur Committee, for a community to be identified as Scheduled Tribes are – 1) Primitive traits, 2) Distinctive culture, 3) Shyness of contact with the community at large, 4) Geographical isolation, and 5) backwardness – social and economic. • In 1975, based on the Dhebar Commission report, the government created Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) as a separate category and identified 52 such groups. In 1993, 23 more groups were added making it 75 PTGs. • In 2006, the Government of India renamed the PTGs as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). • Among the 75 listed PVTG’s the highest number are found in Odisha (13), followed by Andhra Pradesh (12). • Smallest population size among the PVTGs are the Sentinelese.

📰 News : World's largest iceberg breaks off from Antarctica, says ESA.

📰 News : China completes Tibet highway.

📰News : Declare mucormycosis an epidemic : Centre to States. • Mucormycosis or Black fungus is caused by a group of moulds known as mucormycetes present naturally in the environment. It spreads through the nose and affects other parts of the body such as the eyes. Diabetics are said to be more vulnerable to the infection. • It's not contagious but can be fatal if not detected early. • It's a serious but rare disease. • It's common among the COVID-19 patients who takes steroid therapy and has deranged sugar control. • High blood sugar level increases the risk of the black fungal infection. Diabetes mellitus is the most common underlying cause. • Rajasthan, Telangana and Tamil Nadu have declared Mucormycosis as an epidemic. • The main line of treatment is an anti-fungal drug called Amphotericin B, which is given over an extended period of time under strict observation. Surgery might also be warranted.

🌀Cyclone Tauktae: • Cyclone Tauktae, the first cyclonic storm that has hit India in 2021. • The name has been suggested by Myanmar. • The name comes from the Burmese language and it means a ‘gecko’ or a very hitch-pitched lizard. Who gives the names to the cyclones? • There is a global panel (The World Meteorological Organisation/United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Panel on Tropical Cyclones) this world body also includes regional specialised meteorological centres as well as Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres. • It is this body that prepares the names of the cyclones/storms around the world. The regional centres are also responsible for issuing warning/advisories in that location. Is India also part of this network? • Yes, India along with 12 other nations are members of this panel. • India’s IMD suggests names of future cyclones and also issues guidelines in case of a cyclone. • Other nations that are part of this network include Bangladesh, Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Iran, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Qatar, Thailand, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Where’s the cyclone list? • This global network works with the regional centre to prepare a list of cyclone names. • Naming the cyclones help the people to remember the incident. It also helps the authorities to disseminate correct information. The recall value is also very high. • A list of cyclone names exhausted last year with Cyclone Amphan. This list was prepared in 2004. • In 2018, the global weather network also admitted five more nations. • A new list was released on April 28, 2020. So far, four names have already been used. These are – Nisarga, Gati, Nivar and Burevi. Tauktae is the fifth name on the list. So we already know the name of the next cyclone? • Yes, since the list has been made public, we know that the next cyclone would be named Yaas. • It is a name that has been suggested by Oman.

Article 311 of the Indian Constitution Part of: GS Prelims and GS – II – Constitution In news Article 311 was recently in news. Key takeaways Article 311 says that no government employee either of an all India service or a state government shall be dismissed or removed by an authority subordinate to the own that appointed him/her. Section 2 of the article says that no civil servant shall be dismissed or removed or reduced in rank except after an inquiry in which s/he has been informed of the charges and given a reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of those charges. As per Article 311 (2) (a), if a government employee is convicted in a criminal case, he can be dismissed without DE. Under 311 (2) (c), a government employee can be dismissed when the President or the Governor, as the case may be, is satisfied that in the interest of the security of state it is not convenient to hold such an enquiry. Do you know? In a departmental enquiry (DE), after an enquiry officer is appointed, the civil servant is given a formal charge sheet of the charges. The civil servant can represent himself/herself or choose to have a lawyer 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom

Proposed framework for Gold Exchange in India Part of: GS Prelims and GS – III – Economy In news The Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has floated a consultation paper on the proposed framework for Gold Exchange in India. Key takeaways The Gold exchange proposal was announced by the Finance Minister. SEBI is entrusted with the task of regulating the proposed exchange which includes vaulting, assaying the gold quality and delivery standards The existing stock exchanges may deal in ‘electronic gold receipt’ (EGR) through a separate segment. SEBI has also suggested a new exchange exclusively for EGR that would have advantages such as better liquidity and single-price reference. It has also been suggested that an entire transaction be divided into three tranches. The vault manager should have a net worth of ₹50 crore and will be required to furnish security deposits. 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁 Join >> @dailynewscom