𝐇𝐈𝐌 𝐏𝐋𝐔𝐒

Sleeping Beauty ❤️❤️

#GS1 #Women 🍄 World Inequality Report 2022 - Findings • According to the Report, Men in India capture 82% of labour income, while women earn just 18%. • In a country with perfect equality between women and men, the female labour income share would be equal to 50%. • But the report finds that it is below 50% around the world, with significant variations across countries, ranging from below 10% to 45%. •  Female labour income in India of 18.3% is lower than the average for Asia, which was at 27% in 2019.

History of Seed Certification in India The field evaluation of the seed crop and its certification started with the establishment of National Seeds Corporation in 1963. A legal status was given to seed certification with the enactment of first Indian Seed Act in the year 1966 and formulation of Seed Rules in 1968. The Seed Act of 1966 provided the required impetus for the establishment of official Seed Certification Agencies by the States. Maharashtra was the first State to establish an official Seed Certification Agency during 1970 as a part of the Department of Agriculture, whereas Karnataka was the first State to establish the Seed Certification Agency as an autonomous body during 1974. At present 22 States in the country have their own Seed Certification Agencies established under the Seed Act, 1966. In India, seed certification is voluntary and labelling is compulsory.

Yeah kbhi solve nhi hoga 😝😝 Better prepared for another exam

India has been ranked amongst top 5 countries in the world, and the best among the G20 countries, based on its Climate Change performance. India jumps 2 spots higher, and is now ranked 8th as per Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI, 2023) published by German Watch, New Climate Institute and Climate Action Network International based in Germany. The latest report of CCPI, released at COP 27 in November 2022, shows Denmark, Sweden, Chile and Morocco as the only four small countries that were ranked above India as 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th respectively. The first, second and third ranks were not awarded to any country. In effect therefore, India’s rank is the best amongst all large economies.

जिसकी चलती है उसकी क्या गलती है😝❤️😝

The ecology of the Himalayas varies with climate, rainfall, altitude, and soils. The climate ranges from tropical at the base of the mountains to permanent ice and snow at the highest elevations. The amount of yearly rainfall increases from west to east along the southern front of the range. This diversity of climate, altitude, rainfall and soil conditions supports a variety of distinct plant and animal species Lowland forests The Terai belt Bhabhar belt Siwalik Hills Inner Terai or Dun Valleys Lesser Himalaya Midlands Greater Himalaya Trans-Himalaya

Other Laws Relating to Environment In addition, there are many other laws relating to environment, namely – The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 was enacted with the objective of effectively protecting the wild life of this country and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent. The Ministry has proposed further amendments in the law by introducing more rigid measures to strengthen the Act. The objective is to provide protection to the listed endangered flora and fauna and ecologically important protected areas. The Forest Conservation Act, 1980 The Forest Conservation Act, 1980 was enacted to help conserve the country's forests. It strictly restricts and regulates the de-reservation of forests or use of forest land for non-forest purposes without the prior approval of Central Government. To this end the Act lays down the pre-requisites for the diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes. The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006, recognises the rights of forest-dwelling Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers over the forest areas inhabited by them and provides a framework for according the same. The Indian Forest Act, 1927 consolidates the law relating to forests, the transit of forest-produce and the duty leviable on timber and other forest-produce. Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 was enacted with the objectives to provide for damages to victims of an accident which occurs as a result of handling any hazardous substance. The Act applies to all owners associated with the production or handling of any hazardous chemicals.) The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 The Biological Diversity Act 2002 was born out of India's attempt to realise the objectives enshrined in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 1992 which recognises the sovereign rights of states to use their own Biological Resources. The Act aims at the conservation of biological resources and associated knowledge as well as facilitating access to them in a sustainable manner. The National Biodiversity Authority in Chennai has been established for the purposes of implementing the objects of the Act. Coastal Regulation Zone Notification The Ministry of Environment and Forests had issued the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification vide Notification no. S O. 19(E), dated January 06, 2011 with an objective to ensure livelihood security to the fishing communities and other local communities living in the coastal areas

Some of the important legislations for environment protection are as follows: The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 The Environment Protection Act, 1986 The Hazardous Waste Management Regulations, etc.

Why in News? Recently, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), released the State of India’s Environment Report 2022. The report is the annual publication of the Centre for Science and Environment, and Down To Earth (magazine). The report focuses on climate change, migration, health and food systems. It also covers biodiversity, forest and wildlife, energy, industry, habitat, pollution, waste, agriculture and rural development. CSE is a public interest research and advocacy organisation based in New Delhi. Where does India Stand on Achieving its National Targets? Economy: The target for the economy is to raise the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to nearly USD 4 trillion by 2022-23. But by 2020, the economy has grown only to USD 2.48 trillion. The economy has largely shrunk during the Covid-19 pandemic, making it even more difficult to meet the deadline. Employment: The target is to increase the female labour force participation rate to at least 30% by 2022-23. It stood at 17.3% in January-March 2020. Housing: The targets are to construct 29.5 million housing units under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)-Rural and 12 million units under PMAY-Urban. Only about 46.8% and 38% respectively of the targets under ‘Housing for All’ have been achieved. Drinking Water: The target is to provide safe piped drinking water to all by 2022-23. Only 45% of the target has been achieved. Agriculture: The target is to double farmers’ income by 2022. While the average monthly income of an agricultural household has increased to Rs 10,218 from Rs 6,426, this increase is largely due to increase in wages and income from farming animals. The share of income from crop production in the average monthly income of an agricultural household has, in fact, dropped — to 37.2% in 2018-19, from 48% in 2012-13. Digitisation of Land Records: Another target is to digitise all land records by 2022. While states like Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and Odisha have made good progress, states like Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh and Sikkim languish at 5%, 2% and 8.8% digitisation of land records, respectively. Overall, the target is unlikely to be met, particularly because 14 states have witnessed deterioration in the quality of land records since 2019-20. Air Pollution: The target is to bring down Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 levels in Indian cities to less than 50 micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3). In 2020, when vehicular movement was restricted due to the pandemic, 23 of the 121 cities monitored for PM2.5 exceeded 50 µg/m3. Solid Waste Management: The target is to achieve 100% source segregation in all households. The overall progress is 78%, and while states like Kerala and Union territories like Puducherry have achieved the target, others like West Bengal and Delhi are woefully behind. Manual scavenging is targeted for eradication, but India still has 66,692 manual scavengers. Forest Cover: The target is to increase it to 33.3% of the geographical area, as envisaged in the National Forest Policy, 1988. By 2019, 21.6% of India was under forest cover. Energy: The target is to achieve 175 GW of renewable energy generation capacity by 2022. Only 56% of this target has been achieved thus far.

The tribal areas in the State have well-defined administrative units. The ITDP Kinnaur comprises the whole district; the ITDP Lahaul comprises tehsil Lahaul and tehsil Udaipur and the rest of the three ITDPs are by the name of Spiti, Pangi and Bharmour(Now sub-tehsil Holi and tehsil Bharmour) comprise tehsils by the same name. In terms of CD Blocks, ITDP Kinnaur consists of three Blocks namely Kalpa, Pooh and Nichar and the rest of the four ITDPs are constituted of one C.D. Block each by the name of Lahaul, Spiti, Pangi and Bharmour respectively.

The Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium is an international hockey stadium situated at Rourkela, India. The stadium is being built to host the 2023 Men's FIH Hockey World Cup which will be held in the Indian state of Odisha. The stadium has been named after the tribal leader, Birsa Munda who was a famous freedom fighter. The total capacity of the stadium is 21,000 and it is the largest hockey stadium in India.