UPSC Aspirant 2025-26

#Science and Tech : #Quiz - 9 1. Consider the follow statements: 1. Oxytocin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland whereas Prolactin, by the posterior pituitary gland. 2. Prolactin stimulates milk biosynthesis whereas, oxytocin stimulates causes the milk to be ejected. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Option: (b) Explanation: Physiology of Lactation The two primary hormones that are needed for lactation are prolactin and oxytocin. Prolactin stimulates milk biosynthesis within the alveolar cells of the breast and oxytocin stimulates contraction of the myoepithelial cells that surround the alveoli, causing the milk to be ejected. Prolactin Prolactin (PRL), also known as luteotropic hormone or luteotropin, is a protein that n humans is best known for its role in enabling mammals, usually females, to produce milk. Prolactin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland in response to eating, mating, estrogen treatment, ovulation, and nursing. It plays an essential role in metabolism, regulation of the immune system and pancreatic development. Oxytocin Oxytocin is a medication and hormone. As a medication, it is used to cause contraction of the uterus, which is used to start labor, increase the speed of labor, and to stop bleeding following delivery. It is normally produced by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. 2. Consider the following situation: “A woman in the family carries a faulty gene for hemophilia while her husband does not. They have a son and a daughter.” In this context, which of the following statements is most probably correct? (a) Both son and daughter suffer from hemophilia. (b) Son suffers from hemophilia while the daughter does not. (c) Both son and daughter do not suffer from hemophilia. (d) The daughter suffers from hemophilia while the son does not. Correct Option: (b) Explanation: Hemophilia Hemophilia is usually an inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. This can lead to spontaneous bleeding as well as bleeding following injuries or surgery. Blood contains many proteins called clotting factors that can help to stop bleeding. People with hemophilia have low levels of either factor VIII (8) or factor IX (9).  Hemophilia has been called a “royal disease”.  This is because the hemophilia gene was passed from Queen Victoria, who became Queen of England in 1837, to the ruling families of Russia, Spain, and Germany.  In the most common types of hemophilia, the faulty gene is located on the X chromosome. Everyone has two sex chromosomes, one from each parent. A female inherits an X chromosome from her mother and an X chromosome from her father.  A male inherits an X chromosome from his mother and a Y chromosome from his father. This means that hemophilia almost always occurs in boys and is passed from mother to son through one of the mother’s genes. Most women with the defective gene are simply carriers and experience no signs or symptoms of hemophilia. But some carriers can experience bleeding symptoms if their clotting factors are moderately decreased.  However, about 30% of people with hemophilia have no family history of the disorder. In these people, an unexpected change occurs in one of the genes associated with hemophilia. 3. Which of the following is/are not the methods of the physical methods the gene transfer? 1. Lipofection 2. Microprojectile transfection 3. Electroporation 4. Calcium phosphate Transfection Select the correct option using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 4 only (d) 4 only Correct Option: (c) Explanation: Physical Transfection Gene transfer technique is used very widely both in basic research and applied biology. The delivery of DNA into animal cells is a fundamental and established procedure.

👉 Administration is far more complex these days and nothing can prepare a trainee better than an intensive exposure to a well-conceived and rigorous programme.  👉 (Imp*) Experience shows that non-application of mind and refusal to take initiative or decision (often arising from lack of subject-matter knowledge and fear of being punished or prosecuted later) have perhaps done much more harm to governance than even corruption.  https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/five-measures-to-reform-the-bureaucracy-7218556/lite/

#UP_PCS_Pre_2021 👉 Not going to be held on 13/June/2021 ⚔ Likely in mid-September 2021

#History : #Quiz - 8 #upsc2021 #prelims2021 #upscprelims 1. In the interim government formed in 1946, the Vice-President of the Executive Council was : (a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Dr. S. Radhakrishnan (c) C. Rajagopalachari (d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad Answer: (a) C. Rajagopalachari was the Head of the Department of Education and Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the Head of the Department of Food & Agriculture in the Executive Council. 2. Hooghly was used as a base for piracy in the Bay of Bengal by : (a) the Portuguese (b) the French (c) the Danish (d) the British Answer: (a) Hooghly used by the Portuguese as a base for piracy in the Bay of Bengal. During the 16th and 17th century, Hooghly engaged by the Portuguese traders and settlers. Portuguese merchants sailed from the Bay of Bengal to Hooghly to avoid the customs duty, and practice piracy in the region 3. The 'Modi script' was employed in the documents of the : (a) Wodeyars (b) Zamorins (c) Hoysalas (d) Marathas Answer: (d) Notes: The 'Modi script' was employed in the documents of the Marathas. It was mainly used in maintaining the revenue and administrative records. 4. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched? (a) Battle of Buxar—Mir Jafar vs. Clive (b) Battle of Wandiwash—French vs. East India Company (c) Battle of Chilianwala—Dalhousie vs. Marathas (d) Battle of Kharda—Nizam vs. East India Company Answer: (b) Battle of Wandiwash in 1960 and French were finally defeated by English. Battle of Buxar (1764) - English under Munro defeated Mir Qasim, Shuja-uddaula and Shah Alam II. 5. The word Adivasi was used for the first time to refer to the tribal people by : (a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Thakkar Bappa (c) Jyotiba Phule (d) B.R. Ambedkar Answer: (b) Adivasi means primitive people

Use following terms/concepts/ideas in Ethics paper : * Moral progress v. Material progress * Free-rider problem * Constitutional Crisis * Secular Public Institutions * Social Capital (if you don't know, Google!) * Vicious or Virtuous cycle * Individual rights v. Group Rights (= community rights. Ex. rights to religious & linguistic minorities in India) #GS-4 #ethics

#Polity : #Quiz - 7 #upscprelims #upsc2021 1. Which one of the following was not proposed by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment in the area of Panchayati Raj? (a) Thirty percent seats in all elected rural local bodies will be reserved for women candidates at all level (b) The States will constitute their Finance Commissions to allocate resources to Panchayati Raj institutions (c) The Panchayati Raj functionaries will be disqualified to hold their offices if they have more than two children (d) The elections will be held in six months time if Panchayati Raj bodies are superceded or dissolved by the State government Answer: (c) Statement given under option (c) is not mentioned in 73rd amendment act. But this norm is applied in Haryana, Rajasthan, MP, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. 2. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : Reservation of thirty-three percent of seats for women in Parliament and State Legislature does not require any Constitutional amendment: Reason (R) : Political parties contesting elections can allocate thirty-three percent of seats they contest to women candidates without any Constitutional amendment. In the context of the above two statements which one of the following is correct? (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A (c) A is true but R is false (d) A is false but R is true Answer: (d) Assertion is wrong as reservation for women in Parliament and state legislature would require a constitutional amendment 3. Which of the following are/is stated in the Constitution of India? 1. The President shall not be a member of either House of Parliament 2. The Parliament shall consist of the President and two Houses Choose the correct answer from the codes given below: (a) Neither 1 nor 2 (b) Both 1 and 2 (c) Only 1 (d) Only 2 Answer: (b) Statement 1 is correct as per provisions under Article 59. Statement 2 is correct as according to Article 79, Parliament shall consist of the President and two Houses. 4. In the following quotation, “WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity: and to promote among them all; FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and the integrity of the Nation. In our Constituent Assembly this ‘X’ do hereby adopt, enact and give to ourselves this Constitution.”, ‘X’ stands for : (a) twenty-sixth day of January, 1950 (b) twenty-sixth day of November, 1949 (c) twenty-sixth day of January, 1949 (d) None of the above Answer: (b) The Constitution of India was enacted on Nov. 26, 1949 but it was commenced on Jan. 26, 1950 5. Which one of the following schedules of the Constitution of India contains provisions regarding anti-defection Act? (a) Second Schedule (b) Fifth Schedule (c) Eighth Schedule (d) Tenth Schedule Answer: (d) Tenth schedule was added by the 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1985. It provides for anti-defection law.