UPSC Aspirant 2025-26

V. Imp* (Ashutosh Varshney) 👉 “Since the end of the Cold War, most democratic breakdowns have been caused not by generals and soldiers but by elected governments themselves”. 👉 The recent military coup in Myanmar was an aberration for contemporary times, as was the coup in Thailand in 2014 and in Pakistan in 1999. 👉 (Imp*) “Democratic Backsliding”, a new concept to depict democratic erosion led by elected politicians, often quite legally = many government efforts to subvert democracy are legal in the sense that they are approved by the legislatures or accepted by the courts. 👉 India’s democracy is backsliding, not because of the generals and soldiers, but because elected politicians are subverting democracy. 👉 (Imp*) For democratic theory, elections are necessary, but not sufficient. Elections alone cannot be equated with democracy. Democracy is measured by a composite index. The overall judgement depends partly on elections, and partly on what the elected governments do between elections. 👉 Democratic theory lays out two kinds of post-election requirements: One pertains to institutional constraints on the executive, another to civil liberties. 👉 Decades of research showed that democracies could indeed be established at low levels of income, but they tended to survive generally at high levels of income. 👉 (Imp*) Robert Dahl, the world’s leading democratic theorist after the Second World War, called India the greatest contemporary exception to democratic theory. 👉 The international standing of nations is normally a combination of the strategic, the economic and the political. 👉 (Imp*) Democracy was unquestionably one of India’s biggest international assets. 👉 (Imp*) The United States and its allies have courted India as a potential strategic partner and democratic counterweight to China in the Indo-Pacific region. https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/elected-government-death-of-democracy-india-7200030/lite/

#Error #Laxmikant #IndianPolity Article 22 Wrong- Including, Correct- Excluding

A teacher can be any person who teaches you something in life that has changed your life positively. So respect every Teacher. Happy Teachers Day✨️🙏

Tricks to Remember !! ➢ Caspian Sea = TARIK (Turkmenistan , Azerbaizan, Russia, Iran ,Kazakhstan) ➢ Black Sea = GURR BuT ( Georgia, Ukraine ,Russia , Romania , Bulgaria , Turkey) ➢ RED SEA = DESSEY ( Djibouti ,Eriteria , Saudi Arabia ,Sudan, Egypt, Yemen ) ➢ ARAL SEA = UK ( UZBEKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN) ➢ SEA OF AZOV = UR ( UKRAIN AND RUSSIA) ➢ BALTIC SEA = RuDe Germany SELL Poland and Finland. (Russia , Denmark , Germany , Sweden, Estonia , Latvia , Lithuvania , Poland and Finland) #Trick_Mnemonic #UPSC #prelims2021

39 days to go #upsc #prelims2021