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498
Repost from Quiz-UOBCOM95
Q/ Mention (5) mechanisms (with examples) that viruses use to escape immunity.
“From 2019 finals”
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Which one of the following cells would be most effective in defence
against Adult Schistosoma in the vesical plexuses?
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What do macrophages secrete that causes inflammation and sepsis:
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Cells play major role in immunity against phagocytized bacteria:
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The principal mediator of innate immunity against fungi is the:
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The principal defense mechanism against protozoa that survive within cells is :
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Which coreceptor's binding would be inhibited by this technique?
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Herpes simplex viruses are extremely successful pathogens because they have a variety of immunologic evasion mechanisms. For example, both HSV1 and 2 depress the expression of MHC class I molecules on the surface of infected cells. ⬇️
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis has the ability to survive and even replicate within the lung because of
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Patients with tuberculus granulomas that have elevated amounts of IL-2, IFN y, and TNF. The immune cell responsible for this pattern of cytokine production is the
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Repost from Quiz-UOBCOM95
A patient skin tested with purified protein derivative (PPD) to determine previous exposure to mycobacterium tuberculosis and developed induration at the skin test site 24 hours later .
Histologically , the reaction site would most probably show :
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👑 MOST TESTED ASSOCIATIONS
🪽 TB → Granuloma
🪽 Influenza → Drift + Shift
🪽 African Trypanosome → VSG
🪽 Schistosoma → Disguise
🪽 Tapeworm → Hydatid cyst
🪽 Toxoplasma → Inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion
🪽 Trypanosoma cruzi → Escapes phagosome + Cleaves IgA
🪽 Leishmania → Complement resistance + Killing resistance + Digestion resistance
🪽 Candida → Inhibits phagocytosis
🪽 Cryptococcus → Capsule
🪽 Protein A → Staphylococcus aureus
🪽 IgA protease → Neisseria + Haemophilus
🪽 Coagulase → Staphylococcus aureus
🪽 No MHC-I → NK cell
🪽 IL-4 → IgE
🪽 IL-5 → Eosinophils
🪽 IFN-γ → Activated macrophages
🪽 IL-12 → NK activation
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🍄 FUNGI
🪽 Opportunistic fungi
→ Candida albicans
→ Aspergillus fumigatus
→ Pneumocystis jirovecii
🪽 Inhibits phagocytosis
→ Candida albicans
🪽 Capsule inhibits phagocytosis
→ Cryptococcus neoformans
🪽 Suppresses T-cell responses
→ Dermatophytes
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🔹🪱 PARASITE EVASION
🪽 Sequestration
→ Tapeworm (Hydatid cyst)
🪽 Disguise
→ Schistosoma
🪽 Antigenic variation (VSG)
→ African trypanosome
🪽 Antigen shedding
→ Plasmodium falciparum
→ Schistosoma mansoni
🪽 Cleaves IgA
→ Trypanosoma cruzi
🪽 Inactivates complement
→ Leishmania
🪽 Inhibits attachment to phagocyte
→ Toxoplasma gondii
🪽 Inhibits phagocytosis
→ African trypanosome
🪽 Escape from phagosome
→ Trypanosoma cruzi
🪽 Resistance to killing
→ Leishmania
🪽 Inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion
→ Toxoplasma gondii
🪽 Resistance to digestion
→ Leishmania (gp63)
🪽 Inhibits IL-2 & TNF
→ Trypanosoma cruzi
🪽 Lymphocyte activation
→ Trypanosomes
🪽 Lymphocyte suppression
→ Malaria
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ذني يندرخن
انتبهوا للفرق عاللي ماشرته
كلهم الهم علاقة بالphagocytosis خاف تتخربطون بينهم فرقوا
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🪱 HELMINTHS (WORMS)
🔹Defense:
🪽 Th2
🪽 IgE
🪽 Eosinophils
🔹Examples:
🪽 flatworm>Schistosoma
🪽 roundworm>Ascaris
🔹Buzzwords:
🪽 IL-4 → IgE
🪽 IL-5 → Eosinophils
🪽 ADCC
🪽 High IgE + eosinophils = worm infection
