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Discover the latest in physics, biology, chemistry, astronomy, and more. Experience technology, fascinating facts, and the wonders of nature. Explore science history, join Q&A sessions, and stay informed. For paid ad and comment, contact @Auror_azs
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🌗Moons🌓
✨Moons are the natural satellites of planets. Most are small rock globes that continually orbit the planet, held in place by the planet's gravity.
✨There are more than 160 known moons in our solar system.
✨Every planet in the solar system has a moon, apart from Mercury and Venus, the nearest planets to the sun.
✨New moons are frequently discovered, as space probes such as the voyagers reach distant planets.
✨Several moons have atmosphere, including Saturn's moon Titan, Jupiter's Io and Neptune's Triton.
✨Jupiter's moon Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system.
✨The second largest is Saturn's moon Titan. It is icy cold, and is the only moon with a thick atmosphere of nitrogen gas.
✨The smallest moons are icy lumps just a few kilometres across, rather like asteroids.
✨Saturn's moon, Iapetus, is white on one side and black on the other.
✨Saturn's moon, Enceladus, is only 500km across, and its icy surface reflects all the sun light. It is marked by deep valleys, suggesting geological activity. This is quite rare in moons and smaller planets.
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🌟Planets🌟
✨Planets are large globe-shaped objects that orbits a star, such as the sun.
✨They begin life at the same time as their star, from the leftover clouds of gas and dust.
✨Planets are never more than about five percent of the mass of the sun. If they were bigger, they would be stars.
✨Some planets, called terrestrial planets, have surface of solid rock. Others, called gas planets, do not have a solid surface, just clouds.
✨Solar system has eight planets. Pluto was the ninth, but it is very small and is now called a planetoid(dwarf planets).
✨Many planets have been detected orbiting stars other than the sun. These are called extra-solar planets.
✨Extra-solar planets are too far away to see, but can be detected because they make their star appear to wobble.
✨Many known extra-solar planets are giants, bigger than Jupiter. They orbit rapidly, closer to their stars than Mercury is to the sun.
Improved detection techniques may reveal smaller planets orbiting further out in space.
✨Probes, such as the Hubble telescope, are able to give scientists a more detailed view of the planets.
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🌟Solar Changes🌟
✨The sun is about 4.6 billion years old and half way through its life- as a medium sized star it will probably live for around 11 billion years.
✨Over the next few billion years, the sun will brighten and swell until twice as bright and 50% bigger.
✨In 5 billion years, the sun's hydrogen fuel will have burn out, and it's core stars to shrinks.
✨As it's core shrinks, the rest of the sun will swell up and its surface will become cooler and redder. It will be a red giant star.
✨The Earth will have burn out long before the sun is big enough to completely swallow it.
✨The sun will end as a white dwarf.
✨Between 1645 and 1715, very few sunspots were seen on the sun- called the Maunder minimum. At that time there was the little ice age on Earth due to less heat from the sun.
✨More of the chemical Carbon 14 is made on Earth when the sun is less active. The Carbon 14 is absorbed by trees, which means scientists can work out changes in solar activities in past by measuring carbon 14 in old woods.
✨The SOHO space observatory is stationed between the Earth and the sun, monitoring the sun and changed in solar activity.
✨The sun seemed to burn steadly. In the short tearm, its brightness does seem to vary slightly all the time, and over the next five billion years it will probably burn more ferociously.
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🌟Solar Eruption🌟
✨Solar flares are sudden eruptions on Sun's surface. ✨They flare up in just a few minutes, then take more than half an hour to die away again.
✨Solar prominences can loop as far as 100,000 km out from the sun's surface.
✨Solar flares reach temperatures of 10 million degree C and have the energy of billions of nuclear explosions.
✨They not only send out heat and radiations, but also stream of charged particles.
✨The Solar wind is the stream of charged particle that shoots out from the sun in all directions at the speed of over one million km/h. It reaches the surface in several days, but also blows far them throughout the solar system.
✨Every second, the solar wind carries away over one million tonnes of charged particles from the sun.
✨Earth is shielded from the lethal effects of solar wind by its magnetic field.
✨Solar prominences are gigantic arcs of hot hydrogen that sometimes spout out from the sun.
✨Solar prominences reach temperatures of 10,000 degree C.
✨Coronal mass ejections are gigantic eruptions of charged particles from the sun, creating gusts in solar wind that set off magnetic storms on Earth.
✨Magnetic storms are massive hails of charged particles that hit the Earth every few years or so, setting the atmosphere buzzing with electricity.
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🌟The Sunspots🌟
✨Dark spots on the sun's photosphere(surface) are called sunspots. They are 1500 degree C cooler than the rest of the surface.
✨The dark centre of a sunspot is the umbra, the coolest part of the sunspot. Around it is the lighter penumbra.
✨The sunspots appear in groups that seems ti move across the sun over two weeks, as the sun rotates.
Small, individual sunspots may last less than a day.
✨The number of sunspots reach a maximum every 11 years. This is called the solar or sunspot cycle.
✨When sunspots are at their maximum, the earth's weather may be warmer and stormier.
✨Long-term sunspots cycles last between 80 and 200 years.
✨The SOHO satellite spent 2 years gathering information about the sun and has probed beneath sunspots to reveal a whirlpool of sinking gas.
✨The Sun is a fiery ball of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium, made of several layers. Energy is produced in the central core and very slowly works its way outwards through a thick layer of gas. In the outer layer, the hot gas rises to the surface where heat and light escape into space.
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How temperature affects the sex of corrocodiles ?
For example in the American alligator's eggs, incubation at 33 ºC produces mostly males, while incubation at 30 ºC produces mostly females. An international joint research team between Japan and the US have determined that the thermosensor protein TRPV4 is associated with TSD in the American alligator. The research has been published in Scientific Reports.
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