Medicine كلام السناير

-#LATRAL_MEDULLARY_SYNDROME : *cerebellar signs, contralateral sensory loss & ipsilateral Horner's Lateral medullary syndrome, also known as Wallenberg's syndrome, occurs following *occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery #Cerebellar_features *ataxia *nystagmus #Brainstem_features ipsilateral: dysphagia, facial numbness, cranial nerve palsy e.g. Horner's contralateral: limb sensory loss

#Glasgow_Criteria_for_prognosis_of_Acute #Pancreatitis---:- ...(.#PANCREAS) *P-----PaO2 <60mmHg *A-----Age >55years *N-----Neutrophilic leukocytosis >15000/cmm *C-----Serum Ca <2mmol/L *R-----(Renal) Urea >16mmol/L *E-----(Enzymes) LDH>600 U/L, ALT>200 U/L *A-----Albumin <32gm/L *S-----(Suger) Glucose >10mmol/L #Score more than 3 out of 9 indicate Bad prognosis.

دا افضل فيديو لاقاني لل Gaits Examination 1- Hemiplegic gait (pyramidal gait):- due to (UMNL) affect one side of body. The upper limb held in flexion and adduction & lower limb extension (streak like) with circumduction at hip during walking. 2- Festinating gait (shuffling):- extrapyramidal lesion, (Parkinson’s disease). 3- Motor ataxia (cerebellum):- broad based gait, drunken like gait. 4- Stumping gait: - occur in sensory ataxia (deep sensation loss). 5- diaplegic or CP gait (adduction ..or may be scissoring) 6- Waddling or myopathic gait: - occur in any proximal musculoskeletal abnormality in lower limbs. 7- Stepping gait: - occur in common peroneal nerve lesion (foot drop). 8- Choreiform gait

Inverted U waves with hyperacute t waves) + chest pain Are a very specific sign of myocardial ischaemia , May be the earliest marker of unstable angina and evolving myocardial infarction, Have been shown to predict a ≥ 75% stenosis of the LAD / LMCA and the presence of left ventricular dysfunction The main causes of inverted U waves are: Coronary artery disease Hypertension Valvular and Congenital heart diseases Cardiomyopathy Hyperthyroidism Features of Normal U waves The U wave normally goes in the same direction as the T wave The voltage of the U wave is normally < 25% of the T wave if >1-2mm or 25% of the height of the T wave.( prominent U wave but upright) The most common cause of prominent U waves is bradycardia, severe hypokalaemia.

📌Lung Cancer :- 💡The most common cause of bronchial cancer is cigarette smoking. 💡The most common type of lung cancer is adenocarcinoma. 💡The least common type of lung cancer is large cell carcinoma. 💡The most common worst type of lung cancer is mainly mesothelioma (2_3 months survival rate) and small cell carcinoma (1_2 years survival rate). 💡The most common early symptom is dry cough. 💡The most common lung cancer causing superior vena cava syndrome is small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). 💡The most common lung cancer causing pancoast tumor is squamous cell carcinoma. 💡The most common lung cancer causing SIADH is small cell carcinoma (due to secretion of ADH). 💡The most common lung cancer causing hypercalcemia is squamous cell carcinoma (due to secretion of PTH_like protein). 💡The most common lung cancer causing cushing's syndrome is small cell carcinoma (due to secretion of ectopic ACTH). 💡The most common lung cancer causing eaton_lambert syndrome is small cell carcinoma. 💡The most common lung cancer causing hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is adenocarcinoma. 💡The most common lung cancer causing gynecomastia and galactorrhoea in males and false positive pregnancy test in females is large cell carcinoma (due to secretion of beta_HCG). 💡The most specific investigation is biopsy. 💡The most useful initial test is CXR. 💡The most common type of lung cancer in non_smoker is adenocarcinoma. 💡The most common cavitating lung cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. 💡The most sensitive lung cancer to radiotherapy and chemotherapy is small cell lung carcinoma. 💡The least sensitive lung cancer to radiotherapy and chemotherapy is large cell carcinoma. 💡The best prognostic tumor among lung cancers is squamous cell carcinoma.

📌Rhaumatoid Artharitis :- 💡The most common pulmonary complication of RA is Pleurisy & pleural effusion. 💡The most common neurological complication of RA is Carpal tunnel syndrome. 💡The most common dermatological complications of RA is Subcutaneous rhuematoid nodule. 💡The most common ophtholmologic complication of RA is keratoconjuctivitis sicca. 💡The most common haematological complication of RA is Normocytic normochromic Anaemia of chronic diease. 💡The first joint in the feet to be affected in rheumatoid arthritis are Metatarsophalengeal joints. 💡The most common renal complications of RA is AA amyloidosis & membranous nephropathy. 💡High titers of RF indicates progressive diseases but not considered as a disease activity marker in RA.

🔴Risk of transmission by needle stick injury :- HBV is 6 - 24% HCV is 2% HIV is ,3%

♥️The most common causes of dementia: 1.Alzahimer disease. 2.Multi infarct dementia. 3.Lewy body dementia. ♥️Less common causes: 1.Frontotemporal dementia(pick's disease). 2.Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD). ♥️Reversible causes of dementia: 1.Normal pressure hydrocephalus. 2.Hypothyroidism. 3.Vitamins deficiency(B12).

DKA managment guidelines

Pulmonary Embolism

Antihypertensives safe during breast feeding