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پستهای کانال
| 2 | ✅ *Injunctions – Meaning & Types*
📌 *Meaning of Injunction*
• An injunction is a judicial order that restrains a party from doing a specific act or compels them to perform a specific act.
• It is governed by Sections 36 to 42 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963 and the procedural aspects are in the CPC, 1908, particularly Order XXXIX Rules 1–5.
📌 *Important Principles for Granting Injunction (3 Essentials)*
◾ *1. Prima Facie Case* – The applicant must show a valid legal right at first glance.
◾ *2. Balance of Convenience* – More inconvenience will be caused if the injunction is not granted than if it is.
◾ *3. Irreparable Injury* – Damage cannot be adequately compensated in money.
📌 *Types of Injunctions*
*1. Temporary (Interim) Injunction*
◾ *Provision:* Order XXXIX Rules 1 & 2, CPC.
◾ *Meaning:* Granted for a limited period or until further orders, usually to preserve the status quo until the case is decided.
◾ *Purpose:* Prevent irreparable loss during the pendency of the suit.
◾ *Example:* If A is about to demolish a disputed boundary wall, B can seek a temporary injunction to stop demolition until the case is decided.
◾ *Case Law:* *Dalpat Kumar v. Prahlad Singh, 1992 SC* – The Supreme Court held that a temporary injunction is granted when:
1. Prima facie case exists.
2. Balance of convenience is in favour of the applicant.
3. Irreparable injury will be caused without injunction.
📌 *2. Permanent (Perpetual) Injunction*
◾ *Provision:* Section 38, Specific Relief Act, 1963.
◾ *Meaning:* Granted by decree at the final hearing; it permanently restrains the defendant from doing a wrongful act.
◾ *Purpose:* To conclusively settle the rights of the parties.
◾ *Example:* Court orders a factory to permanently stop releasing harmful chemicals into a river.
◾ *Case Law:* *K.K. Dewan v. District Judge, Chandigarh, P&H HC* – Court granted a perpetual injunction restraining interference with property possession.
📌 *3. Mandatory Injunction*
◾ *Provision:* Section 39, Specific Relief Act, 1963.
◾ *Meaning:* Directs the defendant to do a particular act to prevent a breach of obligation.
◾ *Purpose:* Restores the situation to what it was before the wrongful act.
◾ *Example:* If a neighbour illegally constructs a wall blocking your entrance, the court may order them to demolish it.
◾ *Case Law:* *Dorab Cawasji Warden v. Coomi Sorab Warden, 1990 SC* – Mandatory injunction granted where urgent restoration of rights was necessary.
📌 *4. Prohibitory Injunction*
◾ *Meaning:* Restraining a person from doing a particular act.
◾ *Example:* Court restrains a publisher from releasing a defamatory book.
◾ *Case Law:* *American Cyanamid Co. v. Ethicon Ltd. 1975 UKHL* – Though an English case, often cited for prohibitory injunction principles.
📌 *5. Ad-interim Injunction*
◾ *Meaning:* A short-term injunction given ex parte (without hearing the other side) to prevent immediate harm until the matter is heard.
◾ *Example:* If land is about to be sold within hours, the court can pass an ad-interim injunction to halt the sale.
◾ *Case Law:* *Morgan Stanley Mutual Fund v. Kartick Das, 1994 SC* – Laid down principles for granting ad-interim relief without notice.
📌 *6. Preventive Injunction*
◾ *Meaning:* Prevents the breach of an obligation by prohibiting certain acts.
◾ *Example:* Court restrains a company from using a trademark similar to another brand.
📌 *7. Restorative Injunction*
◾ *Meaning:* Orders restoration of the status quo by undoing a wrongful act already done.
◾ *Example:* Directing a person to remove an encroachment already made.
🙏*Request - kindly add your all law friends to our WhatsApp group & channel.*🙏 | 110 |
| 3 |  Cockroach Janata Party Ka Mukhiya 🤡 | 131 |
| 4 |  Telegram play store se gya 😂😂 | 175 |
| 5 |  بدون متن... | 131 |
| 6 | Supreme Court Issues Notice On PIL Seeking Restriction On Aadhaar Use For Voter Registration To Curb Illegal Immigration
https://www.verdictum.in/supreme-court/pil-seeking-restriction-aadhaar-use-voter-registration-curb-illegal-immigration-1616016 | 144 |
| 7 | Bald Plea Of Signing Blank Papers Can't Rebut Presumption U/S. 139 NI Act: Punjab & Haryana High Court Upholds Conviction In Cheque Bounce Case
https://www.verdictum.in/punjab-and-haryana-high-court/narender-kumar-state-of-haryana-2026phc081800-accused-presumption-sec138-ni-act-1616013 | 145 |
| 8 | *Fast-track Courts*
⭐ *Purpose* Established to address the backlog of criminal cases, especially heinous crimes against women and children.
⭐ *Challenges:* Resource limitations, inefficient investigations, insufficient staff, and limited scope of jurisdiction.
⭐ *Performance* Despite initial increase in functional courts, many states struggle to maintain them due to financial and administrative constraints.
⭐ Need for Reform: States must prioritize their operation, ensure necessary resources, improve investigations, and leverage technology.
*Visual Summary Analysis*
⭐Chart 1: Shows the increasing burden on the judiciary due to the rising number of criminal cases.
⭐ Chart 2: Indicates the initial enthusiasm but subsequent decline in the establishment and maintenance of fast-track courts.
⭐ Chart 3: Depicts the uneven distribution of functional courts across different states, highlighting the disparity in access to justice.
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| 9 | चीन की सती प्रथा। 😨😢
"Unlike the much exaggerated Sati, the Chinese Xunjie or Widow Suicide system killed lakhs of women.
Widows were forced to starve themselves to death or poisoned so they didn't have sex after the husband's death. The Chinese society built thousands of arches (called Paifamg) to glorify the practice.
But literally nobody even knows about it today because information & media are frauds. Hence we must share it."
https://x.com/i/status/2066483608819560559 | 299 |
| 10 | RTI Activism Has Become New Business, Yellow Journalism: Supreme Court While Refusing Anticipatory Bail To Activist
https://www.verdictum.in/supreme-court/anticipatory-bail-to-activist-refused-1615967 | 295 |
| 11 |  Sent from WA Business
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| 12 | https://chat.whatsapp.com/Cup0LdQkUS578Rkh0z7BJ8
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| 13 | ⚖️ Limitation Period (परिसीमा अवधि) | Diglot (Hindi + English)
🟦 Civil Matters (दीवानी मामले)
1. First Appeal (प्रथम अपील)
🔹 Limitation Period: 30 Days
🔹 परिसीमा अवधि: 30 दिन
2. Second Appeal (द्वितीय अपील)
🔹 Limitation Period: 60 Days
🔹 परिसीमा अवधि: 60 दिन
3. Civil Revision (सिविल रिवीजन)
🔹 Limitation Period: 90 Days
🔹 परिसीमा अवधि: 90 दिन
4. Execution Application (डिक्री के निष्पादन हेतु आवेदन)
🔹 Time Available: 6 Years
🔹 समय उपलब्ध: 6 वर्ष
5. Civil Suit (दीवानी वाद)
🔹 Limitation: 3 Years from Cause of Action
🔹 परिसीमा: कारण-ए-वाद (Cause of Action) से 3 वर्ष
🟥 Criminal Appeals (आपराधिक अपीलें)
6. Appeal in Capital Punishment Case (मृत्युदंड मामले में अपील)
🔹 Limitation Period: 7 Days
🔹 परिसीमा अवधि: 7 दिन
7. Appeal from Magistrate to Sessions Court
(मजिस्ट्रेट से सेशन न्यायालय तक अपील)
🔹 30 Days | 30 दिन
8. Appeal from Sessions Court to High Court
(सेशन न्यायालय से उच्च न्यायालय तक अपील)
🔹 60 Days | 60 दिन
9. Appeal from High Court to Supreme Court
(उच्च न्यायालय से सर्वोच्च न्यायालय तक अपील)
🔹 30 Days | 30 दिन
10. Special Leave to Appeal (SLP)
(विशेष अनुमति याचिका)
🔹 30 Days | 30 दिन
---
🟨 Acquittal Appeals (दोषमुक्ति के विरुद्ध अपील)
11. Magistrate → High Court (मजिस्ट्रेट से उच्च न्यायालय)
🔹 Challan Case (चालान मामला): 30 Days | 30 दिन
🔹 Complaint Case (शिकायत मामला): 60 Days | 60 दिन
12. Sessions Court → High Court (सेशन न्यायालय से उच्च न्यायालय)
🔹 Challan Case (चालान मामला): 30 Days | 30 दिन
🔹 Complaint Case (शिकायत मामला): 60 Days | 60 दिन
🟩 High Court Original Jurisdiction
(उच्च न्यायालय की मूल अधिकारिता के निर्णय के विरुद्ध)
13. Appeal to Division Bench
(डिवीजन बेंच में अपील)
🔹 Acquittal or Conviction (दोषमुक्ति या दोषसिद्धि)
🔹 20 Days | 20 दिन
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| 14 | 📚 Important Articles (महत्वपूर्ण अनुच्छेद)
Article Provision (English) प्रावधान (Hindi) Limitation
Art. 150 Appeal from Death Sentence to High Court मृत्युदंड के विरुद्ध उच्च न्यायालय में अपील 7 Days
Art. 151 High Court Order on Original Side Appeal उच्च न्यायालय की मूल अधिकारिता के आदेश के विरुद्ध अपील 20 Days
Art. 154 Appeal to any Court other than High Court उच्च न्यायालय के अतिरिक्त किसी अन्य न्यायालय में अपील 30 Days
Art. 155 Criminal Appeal to High Court उच्च न्यायालय में आपराधिक अपील 60 Days
Art. 157 Appeal from Acquittal by State राज्य द्वारा दोषमुक्ति के विरुद्ध अपील 6 Months (6 माह)
🎯 Quick Memory Trick
🟢 Civil: 30 → 60 → 90
(First Appeal → Second Appeal → Revision)
🔴 Criminal: 7 → 30 → 60 → 30
(Death → Magistrate→Sessions → Sessions→HC → HC→SC)
🟡 Acquittal:
Challan = 30 Days
Complaint = 60 Days
⚖️ Article Code:
150 = Death (7 Days)
151 = Original Side (20 Days)
154 = Other Courts (30 Days)
155 = Criminal HC (60 Days)
157 = State Appeal Against Acquittal (6 Months)
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| 15 | 🛡️ राज्य के नीति निदेशक तत्व (Directive Principles of State Policy - DPSP)
♟️ भारतीय संविधान का उद्देश्य केवल राजनीतिक लोकतंत्र स्थापित करना नहीं है, बल्कि लोगों को सामाजिक एवं आर्थिक न्याय प्रदान करके एक कल्याणकारी राज्य (Welfare State) की स्थापना करना भी है।
♟️ राज्य के नीति निदेशक तत्व (DPSP) भारतीय संविधान के भाग-IV (Part IV) में वर्णित हैं।
♟️ ये सिद्धांत केंद्र एवं राज्य सरकारों के लिए निर्देशों (Instructions) के रूप में कार्य करते हैं।
♟️ यद्यपि ये सिद्धांत न्यायालय द्वारा प्रवर्तनीय (Non-Justiciable) नहीं हैं, फिर भी ये देश के शासन के लिए मौलिक (Fundamental in the Governance of the Country) माने जाते हैं।
♟️ नीति निदेशक तत्वों की अवधारणा आयरलैंड के संविधान (Irish Constitution) से ली गई है।
Ireland
♟️ इन्हें संविधान में शामिल करने का उद्देश्य आर्थिक न्याय स्थापित करना तथा धन के कुछ लोगों के हाथों में केंद्रित होने को रोकना था।
♟️ संविधान के अनुच्छेद 36 से 51 तक राज्य के नीति निदेशक तत्वों का वर्णन किया गया है।
♟️ ये समाजवादी (Socialist), उदारवादी (Liberal), लोकतांत्रिक (Democratic) तथा गांधीवादी (Gandhian) सिद्धांतों का अद्वितीय मिश्रण हैं।
♟️ राज्य के नीति निदेशक तत्वों को संविधान की "अंतरात्मा (Conscience of the Constitution)" कहा जाता है।
♟️ 1984 में "State of Tamil Nadu vs. L. Abu Kavur Bai" मामले में, Supreme Court of India ने कहा कि यद्यपि नीति निदेशक तत्व न्यायालय द्वारा लागू नहीं कराए जा सकते, फिर भी न्यायालयों को उनकी उपेक्षा नहीं करनी चाहिए।
✨ Quick Memory (एक पंक्ति में)
DPSP = भाग-IV (अनु. 36-51) + आयरलैंड से प्रेरित + कल्याणकारी राज्य + सामाजिक-आर्थिक न्याय + गैर-न्यायोचित (Non-Justiciable) + शासन के लिए मौलिक।
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| 16 |  بدون متن... | 263 |
| 17 | *COMMITTEES OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY*
📌Major Committees
➡️ Union Powers Committee - Jawaharlal Nehru
➡️ Union Constitution Committee -Jawaharlal Nehru
➡️ Provincial Constitution Committee -Sardar Patel
➡️ Drafting Committee - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
➡️ Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal and Excluded Areas - Sardar Patel.
📌 This committee had the following five sub- committees :-
(a) Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee - J.B. Kripalani
(b) Minorities Sub-Committee - H.C. Mukherjee
(c) North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Excluded & Partially Excluded Areas Sub-Committee - Gopinath Bardoloi
(d) Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (other than those in Assam) Sub-Committee - A.V. Thakkar
(e) North-West Frontier Tribal Areas Sub-Committee.
➡️ Rules of Procedure Committee - Dr. Rajendra Prasad
➡️ States Committee (Committee for Negotiating with States) - Jawaharlal Nehru
➡️ Steering Committee - Dr. Rajendra Prasad | 302 |
| 18 | *⚜️🔥 चाणक्य नीति – तेज दिमाग का नियम 🔥⚜️*
🧠 “जिसे अपनी कमजोरी दिख गई,
उसे मजबूत होने से कोई नहीं रोक सकता।”
*⚔️ चाणक्य कहते हैं:*
दुनिया वही मानती है
जो परिणाम दिखाता है—
*बहाने नहीं।*
🌿 मौका खुद नहीं मिलता,
उसे छीनना पड़ता है।
जो व्यक्ति चुपचाप मेहनत करता है,
वही सबसे खतरनाक सफलता पाता है।
*चाणक्य का कठोर सूत्र —*
“दया सब पर करो,
पर भरोसा सोच–समझकर।” | 292 |
| 19 | 📘 *LIST OF DOCTRINES - THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA*
1. *Ejusdem Generis* – Means of the same kind. *(Article 12)*
2. *Ab Initio* – Means for the very beginning. *(Article 13)*
3. *Doctrine of Judicial Review* – A law is declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court or High Court if it contravenes any of the Fundamental Rights. *(Articles 13, 32, 226)*
4. *Doctrine of Eclipse* – The law which contravenes Fundamental Rights is not void ab initio; it remains in a morbid condition and unenforceable. It is not totally wiped out from the statute book. *(Article 13)*
5. *Doctrine of Severability* – The whole law is not void under Article 13; only that portion which contravenes Fundamental Rights is void, and the rest remains operative. *(Article 13)*
6. *Doctrine of Rule of Law* – It means supremacy of law and absence of arbitrary power. *(Article 14)*
7. *Principle of Reasonable Classification* – Equals cannot be treated unequally and unequals cannot be treated equally. *(Article 14)*
8. *Audi Alteram Partem* – Means no one should be condemned unheard. *(Articles 14, 21, 22)*
9. *Wednesbury Principle* – Used to adjudge the discretion provided to the executive under the statute. *(Article 14)*
10. *Lex Non a Rege Est Violanda* – Means the law must not be violated even by the king. *(Article 14)*
11. *Pari Passu* – Means on equal footing. *(Article 14)*
12. *Rex Quod Injustum Est Facere Non Potest* – Means the king cannot do what is unjust. *(Article 14)*
13. *Principle of Proportionality of Restrictions* – Restrictions should not be arbitrary or beyond what is required for achieving the object. *(Article 19)*
14. *Ex Post Facto* – A law which imposes penalty retrospectively. *(Article 20)*
15. *Double Jeopardy* – No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once. *(Article 20)*
16. *Nemo Debet Bis Vexari Pro Una et Eadem Causa* – Means a man shall not be vexed twice for one and the same cause. *(Article 20)*
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| 20 | AIBE EXAM PREPARATION GROUP
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