Important knowledge

⚡️The most common ovarian malignancy in pregnancy is dysgerminomas

⚡️Genital Herpis simplex & mood of delivery ------------------------ ▪︎first-acquisition genital herpes in the third trimester = caesarean section ( high risk of transmission) ▪︎recurrent infection in thirdtrimester = vaginal delivery (Low risk of transmission)

⚡️absolute indications for classical C/section ----------------‐-------------------- • a lower uterine segment containing fibroids • a lower segment covered with dense adhesions • placenta praevia • transverse lie with the back down, • fetal abnormality (e.g. conjoined twins), • carcinoma of the cervix

⚡️Ventouse/vacuum extractors ------------------ ▪︎occipito anterior position = soft cups ▪︎occipito posterior, transverse and difficult ‘occipito anterior’ position deliveries = metal cups

⚡️The time of episiotomy in breech presentation is after the delivery of anterior buttock when the anus is seen over the fourchette

⚡️Fetal hear sound hearing by dobbler ------------------------------------------- ▪︎vertex presentation = below umbilicus ▪︎breech presentation = above umbilicus ▪︎transverse lie = at one of flanks

أوقات مزعجة .. 📌 When poor progress in labor is suspected, it is usual to recommend repeat vaginal examination at 2 hours rather than 4 hours ( Four-hourly vaginal examination is standard practice ) . 📌 Maternal HR & BP - first stage of labour ▪︎HR = every 30 min. ▪︎BP = every 4 hour - second stage of labour ▪︎HR = every 15 min. ▪︎BP = every 1 hour 📌 The woman should be encouraged to empty her bladder every 1½ -2 hours during labour. 📌 Intermittent auscultation This should be repeated every 15 minutes during the first stage of labour and at least every 5 minutes in the second stage .

⚡️When the head is arrested in the transverse position the safest way to deliver the fetus is by performing C/S.

⚡️oxytocin in CPD ----------------------------- ▪︎primigravida with mild to moderate CPD = give oxytocin with caution ▪︎multiparous with any degree of CPD = oxytocin is contraindicated

⚡️AFP ⬇️ in ▪︎trisomies(downs syndrome ) ▪︎H. Mole pregnancy ⬆️ in ▪︎Wrong gestational age . ▪︎Open nural tube defects ▪︎multiple pregnancy ▪︎Intraiuterine death ▪︎Anterior abdominal wall defect ▪︎Renal anomalies

⚡️Maternal HR & BB check in labour ---------------------- 🔸️first stage of labour ▪︎HR = every 1/2 hour ▪︎BB = every 4 hour 🔸️second stage of labour ▪︎HR = every (1/4) hour ▪︎BB = every 1 hour

The shortest anterioposterior diameter of fetal head is suboccipitobregmatic diameter

⚡️The maximum intensity of uterine contraction is during the second stage of labour (during delivery of the baby)

⚡️pregnency physiology --------------------------------------- ▪︎⬇️ Vaginal PH ( protective against ascending infection) ▪︎⬆️ Urine PH (compensatory to mild respiratory alkalosis ) ¤ increase urinary PH beside urinary stasis in pregnency in corresponding factor for UTI in pregnency

#Gyne. & Obst.🤰

نشرنالكم الاسالة محلولة 🌚

⚡️the most common bone malignancy in children is osteosarcoma.

⚡️Cysticercosis is the commonest parasitic infection of the brain (neurocysticercosis) and the commonest cause of epilepsy in the developing world.