إختِبارات ومُلخَّصات مُمَهِدو التَخدير

21.A 55-year-old male with a long history of smoking presents with progressive dyspnea and a productive cough. His FEV1/FVC ratio is < 70%. What is the most likely diagnosis?

20. Which of the following can trigger asthma exacerbation?

19. In COPD patients, oxygen therapy is indicated when PaO2 is:

18. The most dangerous complication of severe asthma is:

17. A patient with asthma is having frequent nighttime symptoms. This suggests:

16. Which spirometry finding confirms COPD diagnosis?

15. In asthma, which immune cells play a major role in the inflammatory process?

14. The hallmark of asthma is:

13. Which gas is most commonly used in the treatment of severe asthma or COPD exacerbations?

12. A common complication of COPD that can lead to right-sided heart failure is:

11. Which of the following is NOT typically used in COPD management?

10. In severe asthma, pulsus paradoxus is:

9. Which of the following findings is consistent with dynamic hyperinflation in COPD?

8. What is the role of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in COPD exacerbation?

7. What is the purpose of giving systemic corticosteroids in severe asthma?

6. Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing COPD?

5. Which ABG pattern is expected in early stages of severe asthma?

4. Which medication class is the first-line treatment for acute severe asthma?

3. The primary cause of airway limitation in COPD is:

2. In a patient with COPD, which type of emphysema is most associated with smoking?