English Newspaper Analysis & UPSC Pre- Mains

99% aspirants are not aware 🤦‍♂ Why Post holders & only Senior Aspirants clearing Prelims every Year ? 😡 #Watch till end & see improvement in yourself 🫵

🤗 Assurance of 60+ Marks in Just 3 Hours..EXAM KO CHALTE CHALTE.. (Live + Recordings ) 🌟 50+ Elimination Techniques 👇 Learn Only one , Only two Pairs & Statement based questions Tricks. 👉 Free Video : https://youtu.be/4Qxg0cdMeuE?si=_Z6j7EoRSXT2ifvr • Download App DELHI SECRETS (click here) Playstore / Appstore / Windows • Medium : English / Hinglish • Fees : 299/- ₹ Only -----( Course Sample Pdf)-----👇 @DelhiUpscSecrets_Official

D K Basu Vs State of West Bengal:- “Custodial violence including torture and death in lock ups strikes a blow at the rule of law which demands that the powers of executive should not only be derived from law but also that the same should be limited by law.” ‘Torture’ of a human being by another human being is essentially an instrument to impose the will of the ‘strong’ over the ‘weak’ by suffering. ‼️Ragubir Singh VS State of Harayana:- “We are deeply disturbed by the diabolical recurrence of police torture resulting in terrible scare in the minds of common citizens that their lives and liberty are under a new peril when the guardians of law gore human rights to death. The Law Commission has made recommendations to check Torture leading to Custodial death, which is reflected in Draft Prevention of Torture Bill :- ▶️Punishment for acts of torture:-According to the draft Prevention of Torture Bill, 2017, punishment for torture includes imprisonment up to 10 years and fine. In case torture leads to death, the punishment includes death or life imprisonment in addition to fine. ▶️Protection for individuals:- The Commission recommended that an effective mechanism be put in place to protect victims of torture, complainants, and witnesses against possible violence and ill-treatment. The draft Prevention of Torture Bill, 2017 makes state governments responsible for protecting these individuals. The state government will provide such protection from the time of submission of complaint till conclusion of trial for the offence. ▶️Compensation for torture:- The Commission recommended amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 to allow for payment of compensation in case of torture. It made this recommendation citing that courts have previously awarded compensation for various forms of torture including illegal detention, and custodial torture. ▶️The Commission recommended that courts should determine compensation on the basis of nature, purpose, and extent of injury caused to a person, among other factors. Further, courts should keep in mind the socio-economic background of the victim to ensure that the compensation covers medical treatment and rehabilitation. ▶️Custodial injury:-The Commission recommended amendments to the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 to ensure that in case a person sustains injuries in police custody, it will be presumed that these have been inflicted by the police. The burden of proof shall lie on the police authorities to explain such injuries. ▶️Sovereign immunity:- Sovereign immunity is the principle that the government is not responsible for the actions of its agents (such as police forces). The Commission states that courts have rejected this principle in various cases and therefore agents of the government cannot engage in torture. The Commission reiterated that citizens are entitled to constitutional rights such as the right to life and personal liberty.

Context: Housing for All (HFA) a centrally sponsored scheme has been launched in 2015 for rural and urban India both. The objectives of the scheme are: 1. Slum rehabilitation of Slum Dwellers with participation of private developers using land as a resource 2. Promotion of Affordable Housing for weaker section through credit linked subsidy 3. Affordable Housing in Partnership with Public & Private sectors 4. Subsidy for beneficiary-led individual house construction ANALYSIS 1. The govt data shows, there is a shortage of around 20 million houses in rural areas and 3 million in urban centres. But the report of ICRIER says, urban housing shortage by 2.9 cr. 2. PMAY has delivered only 80 lakh houses. 3. It has been observed the focus on private players has created more problem. 4. Lack of master plan for cities, giving scope for big consultants t dictate large capital intensive technological solution. 5. Around 62% of the houses are sanctioned under beneficiary led construction, where the govt role is limited to just cost sharing with beneficiaries.

#Governance GS Paper 2 Already covered, read below

Custodial deaths are events of the demise of persons who are detained by police during pretrial or after conviction. Custodial deaths can be broadly classified into three types – 👉Death in police custody; 👉Death in judicial custody; and 👉Death in custody of army or paramilitary force. Why there is rising custodial death? Ans:- Every year 100 custodial death between 2010-2021 as per NCRB. 1. To extract a confession. 2. Burden on police of maintaining law and order and investigation both. What are the guidelines in this regard? Ans:- 1. To reduce the number of arrest:- The SC in Arnesh kr vs state of Bihar held that , Arrest is not mandatory even if the offence is non bailable relating to the torture for dowry. 2. The SC in Special action forum vs UOI in 2018 said, police officer shall furnish to the magistrate the reasons and materials which necessitated the arrest for further detention of the accused. 3. Dk basu guidelines:- SC laid down guidelines that one can Inform to the friends , family about arrest and permit the accused to talk to the lawyer. What is to be done? Ans:- 1. Separate law and investigation as per directives in Prakash Singh case 2. Increase the number of civil force. 3. More CCTV camera to be installed to cover large area ( Paramvir Singh vs Baljit Singh case) Conclusion:- Police modernization with necessary reforms is required, where state need to play an active role as law and order is state subject. The police officer must know that their mandate is to protect human rights and not violate them

#Polity GS PAPER 2 READ BELOW

IPS, IRS, EPFO Officers & Toppers Are Already Enrolled 🤗 • Join Us : @DelhiUpscSecrets_Official

⚠️ Are you scoring low in Mock Test ? LEARN 50+ GS SCORE BOOSTING TECHNIQUES... 🌟 LIET & SCOPE BATCH : Logical Intelligent Elimination Techniques (Hinglish / English ) 🌟 Course Fees : 2000 (499/- ₹) 🫡 Must Watch CSE Prelims Decoded Trends👇 1⃣ 2023 CSE Hacks (Hinglish) : https://youtu.be/ECwBuVJOKJU?si=TfBZCo1zsCcfsRw- 2️⃣ 2022 CSE Hacks (English) : https://youtu.be/S78DvgHMR88?si=8QsgOXhyE4JXUj20 • Download App & Enroll here👇 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=co.lenord.owsqi ----( FREE SAMPLE NOTES)👇