English Newspaper Analysis & UPSC Pre- Mains

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The above is just a draft guideline by RBI. RBI has increased the provisioning required for Project finance (loans for which there is no additional collateral and the lenders expect to receive the principal and interest payment only from the specific project revenues to which the lender has provided loan). Because of increase in provisioning requirement, Lenders will have to keep an additional amount for any future losses due to loans given for project finance (which are risky). So, due to provisioning, the account books of banks will change.... students don't need to go in detail as it requires an understanding of accounting concepts, but let me just put it in simple words. Suppose a bank did provisioning of Rs. 100 crore amount then this amount will be subtracted from the income statement (as loss) and the same will be adjusted in the balance sheet of the bank due to which 'Common Equity Tier 1 capital' will get reduced which will result in reduction in 'Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)' [which is includes Tier 1 capital on numerator] and it also increases banks cost (of lending) as this much amount can't be lent.

Source: Indian Express. Read only the highlighted text and see the explanation below.

Constitutional provision: Article 39 (b) and (c) one of the socialistic principles in DPSP talks from this perspective: Ie: Distribution of wealth and checking the concentration of wealth in few hands. As per world Inequality report, top 10% of the country's population have a share of 65% of the wealth. And the bottom 50% have a share of 6.5% of wealth. Constitutional Provision: As we all know Right to property was Fundamental right till 1978. Before that the controversy erupted many times because of clash between DPSP and FR. When Government was bringing any law for land reform so that the ideals of article 39 (b) and (c) can be achieved, it was being challenged every time. Looking into this condition Government introduced article 31 (c) and says any law to enforce 39 (b)(c) even if taking FR 14, 19 and 31, it is fine and cant be challenged in the court. This was challenged in Keshavanand Bharati Case where judiciary has upheld (ki ok, bring the law to enforce 39 (b)(c)) but it will be under judicial review. But now as after 1991, market economy has been adopted, it has resulted into inequality. It is important to understand that congress policies is not going to work as in the past also, such policies of high tax rates, wealth tax has been imposed, result was concealment of wealth not distribution.

#Polity GS Paper 2 Context: Congress manifesto says if they come in power, there will be financial survey and redistribution of property and even promised to give 1 lakh per annum if voted in power.

Section 33 of RPA 1951 says the candidate from the recognised party need only one proposer for nomination and candidate from unrecognised needs 10 proposers. A candidate can file 4 nomination paper with different proposers. Section 36 of RPA says if the signature of the proposer is not genuine, it is a ground for rejection of the candidature. In the case of Surat, congress candidate has filed 3 sets of nomination papers and the signature of proposers in all these sets were found forged. That's why returning officer has rejected his candidature. The rules allow for the substitution of the candidate in such case , but another candidate who has been substituted in his place, his nomination paper was also rejected for the same reason. This is the reason that BJP Candidate was declared as winner. In such matter, only way out is to go to Gujrat HC, because election petition can be filed in HC on the ground that nomination paper has been rejected in improper way as congress is saying all the proposers have been coerced.

#Governance GS Paper 2 Context: Immunisation and India WHO started Expanded programme on Immunisation in 1974 with the aim of eradication of smallpox. After that every country has adopted this, and India started Universal Immunisation program in 1985. However these vaccines were for majorly children, but looking into the rise of the disease which can be cured using vaccines amongst elderly and adult, so focus on these: 1. Increase availability of vaccines. 2. Increase the coverage, so National technical advisory group should recommend vaccines for elderly and adult. 3. Prevailing myths must to addressed to address vaccine hesitancy. 4. Medical colleges and research institutions should generate evidence on the burden of disease. 5. Doctors along with family physicians, community workers should work on increasing awareness. INDIA'S VACCINE PROGRAMME: 👇