UPSC CSE Why

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Pre note: WHYPower? 🚨 18th September | Wednesday 🚨

Mains Notes

1. Portugal wildfire • Location: Central and northern Portugal, mainly in forested areas • 2017 Disaster: Over 100 deaths, especially in Pedrógão Grande due to heatwaves and winds • 2022 Fires: Affected over 30,000 hectares in regions like Leiria and Caldas da Rainha • Causes: Climate change (droughts, heatwaves) and human activity (arson, poor land management) • Impact: Environmental damage (deforestation, biodiversity loss), economic losses, and public health issues (respiratory problems) • Response: Improved fire prevention, better forest management, and international aid (EU support)

@CSEWhy recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. Reaping the silver dividend (Editorial) (GS2: Policies) 2. Nature of J&K assembly (Explained page) (GS2: Laws and Acts) The Hindu 🗞 1. Demographic advantage, Indian economy’s sweet spot (Editorial) (GS3: Economy) PS: Win free copy of 10 judgements that changed India in this CSEWhy giveaway

Pre note: Light newspaper day today!! Revise CAs here 🚨 17th September | Tuesday 🚨

Mains notes

1. The PM SHRI Scheme

@CSEWhy Recommendations

The Hindu 🗞️ 1. How do emergency provisions impact centre state relations? (Text&Context) (GS2: Law and governance) PS: Want a FREE copy of 10 Judgements that changed India?? Participate here

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Pre note: Start PYQs today, get the video classes & PDF notes for both Mains & Prelims here 🚨 16th September | Sunday 🚨

Pre Notes📝

1. Pungangur Cow • Smallest cattle breeds from Chittoor, AP • Integral to local culture such as that of Ksheeraabhishekam at the Tirupati Thirumala Temple

@CSEWhy recommendations 🗞

Indian Express 1. Powering ahead with competition (GS2 & GS3: Constitution x Power) 2. Giving farms their due (GS3: Agriculture) 3. A new dilemma: Food v/s Cars (GS3: Agriculture & Industries) 4. Why Commons matter, how community is key to their well being? (GS2: Forest Rights & related legislations) The Hindu 1. The AM, FM & signal modulation [pg9] (GS3: S&T) 2. Active noise control: destroying the din (Learn for understanding) PS: You will be better with me on you email, subscribe at blog.csewhy.com

Pre note: Preparing PYQs + Constitution + Maps with ease? NO!? THEN DO IT!! 🚨 15th September | Sunday 🚨

Mains Notes

1. Mission Mausam • Launch & Budget: September 12, 2024; with ₹2,000 crore over two years • Implementing Agencies: IMD, IITM and NCMRWF • Aim: Enhance India's capacity in weather & climate science; focused on improving weather forecasting Key Features • Integration of next-generation radars & satellite systems equipped with advanced sensors • Utilisation of high-performance computing, artificial intelligence, & machine learning for accurate weather predictions • Development of a GIS-based automated decision support system for real-time data dissemination

@CSEWhy recommendations

The Hindu 🗞️ 1. What are the issues faced by EPFO pensioners? (FAQ page) (GS2: Policies) P.S: How do you plan to tackle the hurdles you faced this week? LMK here

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Pre note: Afternoon Newspaper sessions are the best ;) 🚨 14th September | Saturday 🚨

Mains notes

1. Helium in rockets • Second lightest element; atomic number = 2; is inert, meaning it does not react or combust. • These properties make helium ideal for rockets 5 key reasons for its use: • It pressurizes fuel tanks, ensuring a consistent flow of fuel to the engines • It is crucial in cooling systems, particularly for storing rocket fuel and oxidizer at extremely low temperatures due to its low boiling point of -268.9°C • As fuel is consumed, it fills empty space, keeping pressure inside the tanks stable • It second lightest element. It helps keep rocket's weight low 2. Port Blair and historical context • Port Blair, the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, is being renamed Sri Vijaya Puram to honor its historical connection to the Chola Empire's maritime activities, particularly the conquest of Srivijaya in 1025 CE. • Emperor Rajendra Chola I launched naval raids against Srivijaya, a powerful maritime kingdom in Southeast Asia, to expand trade routes and assert dominance over the region, which was critical for controlling maritime trade. • The Chola navy executed a surprise attack from the south, targeting the capital Palembang, which caught Srivijaya off guard as their defenses were focused on expected northern assaults. • Aftermath: The invasion led to the capture of King Sangrama Vijayottunggavarman and significant plunder, effectively ending Srivijaya's dominance in the region and marking a shift in power dynamics in Southeast Asia. • Cultural Impact: The Chola invasion facilitated increased Tamil influence in Southeast Asia and established a legacy of maritime prowess that shaped trade and cultural exchanges in the region for centuries. 3. Open AI 01 • Enhances reasoning capabilities, achieving an 83% success rate in complex math problems • Features advanced safety training, resulting in higher compliance with safety protocols

@CSEWhy Recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. The UN the World needs (Explained page) (GS2: IR) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. The shock of crumbling infrastructure and its solution (Editorial) PS: Do you favour changes in name of different places? Lmk here

Pre note: Want to memorize all maps for UPSC? Here's the best way to do it. 🚨 13th September | Friday 🚨

Pre facts

1. Sanchi Stupa • Built by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE • Designated as UNESCO heritage site in 1989 • Major center for Buddhist learning and pilgrimage until the 12th century • Rediscovered in 1818 by General Taylor, leading to archaeological excavations Learn more about other UNESCO heritage sites

Mains notes

1. Universal Basic Income • A social security program where all citizens receive a regular cash payment from the govt Arguments For UBI • Reduces poverty and income inequality • Provides economic security and a safety net • Encourages education, entrepreneurship, and creativity Arguments Against UBI • High fiscal cost for governments • Potential reduction in work incentives • Perceived unfairness in taxing workers to support non-workers

@CSEWhy Recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. Health cover for elderly (Explained page) (GS2: Policies) 2. Recalling epic last stand of Saragarhi, 1897 (Explained page) (GS1: History) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. What does dissolution of SCoS entail (Text&Context) (GS2) PS: Its last weekday!! How the last 5 days were for you?? LMK HERE

Pre note: Light newspaper today, revise from blog.csewhy.com 🚨 12th September | Thursday 🚨

@CSEWhy recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. The Start-Up Nation (Ideas page) (GS3: Economy) The Hindu 🗞 1. Perils of decentralisation with Chinese characteristics (Editorial) (GS2: Governance) 2. India’s sickle cell challenge (Opinion’s page) PS: Join @CSEWhyPlanB

Pre note: This is how toppers are decoding PYQs 🚨 11th September | Wednesday 🚨

Mains notes

1. Revise Polaris Dawn 2. NBWL • Formed under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972; Statutory body under Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change • Advisory body for national policies • Roles: --> Approves projects impacting PAs; --> Reviews developmental projects to assess their impact on wildlife habitats; --> Recommends measures for the protection of endangered species and ecosystems 3. Hema Panel Report • Formed: 2017 by Kerala govt, chaired by Justice Hema (Retd.), to investigate gender discrimination & harassment in Malayalam film industry • Revealed widespread gender bias, sexual harassment, unsafe working conditions, and pay disparity for women in the industry. • Called for equal pay, strict enforcement of workplace safety laws, creation of a grievance redressal body, and improved professional opportunities for women • Full report remains unpublished, and there have been demands from women's groups like WCC for implementation • Significance: Highlights systemic gender issues in India's film industry and underscores the need for institutional reforms to ensure women's safety and equality

Pre facts

1. National Research Foundation • Objective: Boost research & innovation in STEM, social sciences, and humanities in India • Operates under the Ministry of Education, coordinating with bodies like DST and UGC • Funding: Centralized body providing significant financial support for research projects • Focus: Promotes interdisciplinary research and industry-academia collaboration • NEP 2020: Key part of NEP 2020, aimed at enhancing research capabilities in Indian universities

@CSEWhy recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. Peace and its possibilities (Ideas page) (GS2: IR) 2. The grave threat from AMR (Explained page) (GS3: Snt) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. A panoramic view of 2024 China-Africa Summit (Editorial) (GS2: Multilateralism) 2. Montelukast: Overused and dangerous (Opinions page) 3. On ANI’s defamation case against Wikipedia (Text&Context) (GS2: Judgements) P.S: How about getting current affairs update when others scroll? Join here

Pre note: How to manage relationship with UPSC? 🚨 10th September | Tuesday🚨

Pre notes

1. Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) • Aim: Enhance research, innovation & entrepreneurship across diff scientific fields 2. Rama Varma Kunji Pillai Thampuran King of Cochin 1790-1805 • Ruler of Cochin from 1790 to 1805; aka Sakthan Thampuran • Developed Thrissur as urban city & initiated Thrissur Pooram Festival

@CSEWhy recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. Vaccines for MPOX (Explained page) (GS2/GS3: IR and SnT) 2. Why apexcourt intervened in Himachal Pradesh HC’s collegium decision? (Explained page) (GS2: SC Judgments and laws) The Hindu 🗞 1. Regulatory reform stuck in a loop in Health Ministry (Editorial) 2. The role of district agro-met offices in supporting farmers (Text&Context) (GS2: Social issues) PS: Are you a Graphic Designer? Join Team @CSEWhy

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Pre note: Part of a growing learners community? No? Click here 🚨 9th September | Monday 🚨

Mains keywords

1. Presbyopia • Loss of ability to see nearer objects with age

Pre facts

1. Soyuz MS-26 • Crewed mission set to launch on September 11, 2024, from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan • In collaboration with ISS • Mission Duration: 180 days • Launch Vehicle: Soyuz 2.1a rocket • Docking Port: Rassvet nadir on the ISS

Mains notes

1. Enemy property • Assets of individuals who acquired citizenship in Pak or China • Governed by Enemy Property Act of 1968, these properties are managed by CEPI, under MHA • There are approximately 12,611 enemy properties in India, valued at over ₹1 lakh crore • Highest concentration of enemy properties is in UP (5,982), followed by WB (4,354) & Delhi • The 2017 amendment to EPA clarified that, successors of those who migrated to enemy countries cannot claim these properties

@CSEWhy Recommendations

Indian Express 📰 1. Five sutras for digital infrastructure (Ideas page) (GS3: SnT) 2. Use of AI in warfare (Explained page) (GS3: SnT) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. Policy paralysis, a weekend healthcare system (Editorial) (GS2: Policies and social issue) 2. On uncommon cyclones in Indian ocean (Text&Context) (GS3: Climate) 3. How changes in the level of Arctic sea ice can change....(Text&Context) (GS3: Climate) PS: Your problems are mine. Allow me yo help. Instagram

CSEWhy this week:

Learn answer writing in 30 secs: https://www.instagram.com/reel/C_kRQXHvjEk/?igsh=NDR6YzBrOHRmMnhh Learn everything about the new Assam Muslim Marriage bill in 55 secs: https://blog.csewhy.com/p/274-assam-muslim-marriage-bill-2024 Learn about law commission and polity terms to use in GS2 mains in less than 40 secs: https://t.me/csewhy/2030 Understand the importance of detailed PYQ analysis and best way to do it: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaeD56zJENxxbFlkWH0z/125

Question 3