FIRANSIBEKAN ACADEMY(Bale Robe)

#እንድታውቁት ታዳጊ ልጆች/ወጣቶች እና የአእምሮ ጤና ፦ - የታዳጊ ልጆች እድሜ (ጉርምስና) ልዩና ወሳኝ ጊዜ ነው:: አካላዊ፣ ስነ-ልቦናዊና ማህበራዊ ለውጦቹም ከፍተኛ ናቸው። - በዚህ ጊዜ ላይ ለድህነት፣ ለጥቃት (አካላዊም ፆታዊ) መጋለጥ እዚህ ዕድሜ ላይ ላሉ ልጆች ለአእምሮ ጤና መታወክ የበለጠ ተጋላጭ እንዲሆኑ ያደርጋል:: አጋላጮች ፦ ▫️የአቻ ግፊት ▫️አካባቢያዊ ተጽዕኖዎች ▫️አካላዊ ወይም ጾታዊ ጥቃት ▫️የቤት ውስጥ ሰላም መጓደል ▫️የማንነት ጥያቄ ▫️የሚዲያ ተጽዕኖ ▫️ከፍላጎት ጋር ተያይዘው የሚመጡ ችግሮች የተወሰኑት ናቸው። - በተለይም የአዕምሮ እድገት ውስንነት፣ የተለያዩ የነርቭ ችግሮች፣ የቅርብ ቤተሰብ ድጋፍ የሌላቸው ታዳጊ ልጆች/ወጣቶች ደግሞ የበለጠ ለአዕምሮ ጤና መታወክ የተጋለጡ ናቸው። ከስሜት ጋር የተያያዙ ችግሮች ፦ * ከልክ በላይ ጭንቀት * የስሜት መዋዠቅ * ድባቴ፣ ራስን ማግለል አልፎም #በህይወት_መቆየት_አለመፈልግ የባህሪ ችግሮች ፦ ° ትኩረት ማጣት፣ ° ለነገሮች መቸኮል፣ ° የፀባይ ለውጥ መኖር የአመጋገብ ችግር ፦ ➡ ውፍረት እንዳይመጣ ከሚል ከፍተኛ የሆነ የአመጋገብ ችግር ነው። የስነ-ልቦና ቀውስ ፦ • ትምህርታቸውን በአግባቡ እንዳይከታተሉ ያደርጋል። • ራሳቸውን በተለያዩ ሱሶች ይጎዳሉ። • ከማህበረሰብ ጋር ያላቸውን ግንኙነት ከፍተኛ  ተጽዕኖ ያሳድርበታል። - ይህ እንዳይሆን ምን እናድርግ ? ▪️ቤተሰብ ልጆቹ በሰውነታቸው ላይ ለውጥ እየተካሄደ እንደሆነ በመረዳት ለልጆቹ ከምን ጊዜውም በላይ ቅርብ መሆን አለበት። ▪️ራሳቸውን በተለያዩ ዓይነት ስራዎቸ(እንደ ስፖርት ያሉ ነገሮች ላይ እንዲሳተፉ ማድረግ)፣ የመፍትሄ ሰዎች እንዲሆኑ፣ በጤነኛ ቤት ውስጥ እንዲኖሩ  በማድረግ ሁሉም ሰው የድርሻውን ማድረግ አለበት።። #WHO #የዓለምጤናድርጅት #TikvahEthiopia @tikvahethiopia

Sagantaa qormaata xumura semisteera Tokkoffaa bara 2016

He began fighting hard on horseback and shield at Michille Gada. Michillee defeated the army of Galawudos, led by Hamalmal, and Faxagari placed Ereri and Karrayyu completely in the hands of the Oromo. In addition, the Islamic leader Amir Nur defeated and killed the Ethiopian king Galawdos and captured Michille Harar while he was celebrating. Amir Nur heard the news and as he was returning to Harar, he slyly attacked Michille at Hazaaloo Hill. Although many Oromo were killed in this battle, Amir Nur's army was defeated and fled to Michille. Abba Bahire writes that the 5th Gada called Missillee conquered the country and destroyed the idda and then took his own cattle and entered it. The old Oromo saying that after invading the country and doing whatever you want, go back to where you came from. No other Gada in Oromo history has attacked enemies, the Ethiopians aided by Portugal and the Afar aided by Turkey and liberated a vast frontier. Michillee is a monster that comes out of the watery places when the lake is dry in the worst of May, a monster that reaches the ears of a small dog, that doesn't enter the army, that is not afraid of people. The Michillee Gada was named after him because he rode a four-legged horse and defended himself against the army with a shield. The Harmony and Remnant Dynasties (Bar 1563-1570) The Michillee Gada liberated a vast territory and it was difficult to lead this vast territory by one Gada. Barentu was led by the Harmufa Gada and Borana by the Hambisa Gada. Harmuf defeated Bageemidir and named him a tribe and subdued him, while Hambisa fought bravely against the great campaign of the Ethiopian king Minas against the Oromo, averting the danger that might come. Although the remnant did not occupy as much land as Harmufa, they were able to pass on what was there as it was, so they armed the weapon with the Harmufa clan and handed over the wings to the Robale clan. The Robale Dynasty (1571-1578) These Gadas are the Robale of Barentu and the Robale of Borana. The two Robales helped each other and launched major campaigns in Bagamdir and Walloo (especially the Borana Robale who threw the Amharas into hallayyas and caves) and were able to expand the borders of the country. About the Robale Gada, Abba Bahire says that eight years later the one who succeeded Harmuufa was Robale, the son of the Muudana Gada, who destroyed Shawaa and attacked Gojjam, killing the powerful Azmaachi Zari Yohannis. The Birmajii Dynasty (1579-1586) These Gadas are the Birmajii of Barentuu and the Birmajii of Borana. When the Birmajii Gada of Barentuu severely defeated the Northern Ethiopians, attacked Dambiyaa and killed Abooli and Bahera Nagaash, the Birmajii Gada of Borana was formed in the name of Maccaa and Tulama and drove the Amharas everywhere and occupied all the land his horse could enter. The Amharic hid in the mountains, in the valleys, in the caves. "If there were no mountains, valleys and caves, no one would survive," said the Ethiopian writer Alaqaa Atsimeen. The Revelation Period (1587-1594) These Gadas are the Mul'ata Barentu and the Mul'ata Borana. During this period of the Mul'ata Gada, many Walloos did not go. He is said to have attacked Gondor only twice and settled there again. Mul'ata Maccaa and Tulama, however, continued his campaign. He changed his form of fighting and started killing Amharas in the streets. He waited between the mountains and between the narrow valleys, killing and cutting. Wherever his horse suited him, he would roll, hold, and sit there in Gojjam and Gondor'e. The then writer, Abba Bahire, said that the country was under the Borana Gada, and there was nothing left. The vision handed over the wings to the Dulo. Thus, after the victory of the Abbootin Gada, the Oromo people lived in peace and stability for more than two centuries until the rise of the Nafxanya regime in the 19th century.

During this Gada period, the Oromo for the first time organized themselves under the leadership of Abba Dula, and instead of just defending themselves as soon as foreigners came, they went to fight in order to regain their country. The Oromo army of that time began to march and fight like a civilized army. The Melba Gada killed the Ethiopian king Fasil while fighting to recapture Bale. Abba Bahirefa testified that this Gada was strong in warfare. The Muudana Dynasty (1531-1538) Melba was succeeded by Muudana. They enacted two bold laws during the Muudana period: Every priest to attack as soon as he takes office It was that every priest should not arm himself without liberating more land. The Baali who began to invade Melba came to Mudannii and settled on it as far as the banks of the Awash River. This was the period of the Mudana Gada when the Muslims led by Imam Ahmad were fighting the Christians. The Oromo were following the war between his two enemies. Darrell Bates wrote this man. Because the god fought his two enemies, he named this Gada the Mudana Gada, meaning that the god appointed the right. The Mudana Gada first crossed the Wabe River and took possession of the land, said Abba Bahire. This is not the end of the history of the Oromo people but the beginning and hence the expansion of the land continued. The Kilole Dynasty (1539-1546) Kilole took over the Gada from Muudana. Kilole expanded his campaign and began attacking Dawaro. He soon reached the capital of Dawaro. Galawdos, the Ethiopian king, sent his things to Dawarro in 1545 under the command of a man named Adaal Mabraq. Adaal Mabraq's army fled into the hands of the Oromo, who lbecame and crossed the Awash River. Dawaro can be pointed to today's Arsi. Although Galawdos was able to defeat the Islamists, he could not defeat the Oromo who fought for his country. Next to Muudan, the Kilole Gada took the wing. During the Kiilolee Gada period, the Ethiopians, with the help of the Portuguese, killed Imam Ahmad in 1543 and attacked the Oromo with one heart, using modern weapons and military forces from Europe. After the Ethiopian king Galawdos killed Imam Ahmad, he deployed a large army led by a man named Adaal Mabiiraq. The Kiilole Gada defeated the Ethiopian and French army armed with modern weapons such as madfii in 1545, expelled the commander and crossed the Awwash River. Many Ethiopian troops fled to the hands of the Kilole Gada, said Abba Bahire. He defeated the Ethiopian and French forces with modern weapons and will be remembered in history as the one who fought the true Gada. The word "who fought" has long been known as "Kilolee. The Bifole Dynasty (Bar 1547-1554) The Bifole era was the era when the Ethiopian king won the war with the Islamists and focused all his forces solely on the Oromo. The Ethiopian king Galawdos, hearing of the defeat of Adal Mabiraq, organized his forces and launched a major campaign against the Oromo in 1548 with the Portuguese army. The Bifolee Gada defeated the enemy and defeated them. Although he could not conquer more land, he was able to fight and defeat this great force, and what he did was considered a great heroism and earned him the name Bif-oole. Bif-oole means that he passed it on as it is, without adding or subtracting. The word "Bif-oole" was called Bifolee in the long run. The Biifolee Gada kept the Oromo borders, fulfilled its duty and transferred the power to the Michille Gada. The Michillee Dynasty (1554-1562) The oppression of the Ethiopians and the Islamists intensified in both directions and the Michillee Gada adopted the laws of swhitewashed and implemented, namely: A man who does not kill an enemy should not marry, nor shave his hair Anyone over 8 and under 80 to take part in the fight Many cavalrymen are required to be trained and recruited, which enabled him to fight far away.

The Nafxanya regime started, when the Amharas could not fight the Oromo, they started reconciling. It is said that due to the merger (marriage) created, the Oromo living in Gondar and Gojjam forgot their own language and religion and adopted the Amharic one. Mr Yasin Imam Mohammed. from FRENCH AMERICAN ENGLISH AND OTHER FOREIGN LANGUAGES ACADEMY. BALE ROBE, OROMIA,ETHIOPIA. For more information please contact me at √+251912255191 or write to me at [email protected]

If the butta system is deviant (deviated from the law), the foolle has the right to say that he will not drop the corpse and will not eat the meat (e.g. if the person who wants to slaughter the butta is a lawbreaker). And without the foam, the butt is not slaughtered. Foolleen is not afraid of people without laws, he expresses what he wants to say in song without any shame. Foollisaa, if he wills, praises the chief (if he is strong in making laws) or curses him (if he breaks laws). He is told to leave but not punished. At the Foollee Gada level, young people get to know the country and each other well (they go together in friendship). In Borana, they first elect a six-member committee of scholars called hiriyaa. As at the Ittimakkooti Foolee Gada level, the competition is only physical (sports and adamoo skills, etc.). They know each other well because they spend most of their time together. In the past, Foolleen was not held accountable for killing, and it is said that he had no legal responsibility for his death. Officer (Reserve) (Age 24-32) First, after the main hall (masari) is built by tribe, it is preferred to lead the Gada intellectuals (committee) at this level. After standing on the Kuusaa symbolic flag (red and white), they sing the Xunnee song (of their age) and the transitional song Mokkee. The fathers of these children (who are in the 3rd Yuuba Gada level), starting from the place where their faajjii stands, go to the forest and cut leafy branches of sweet trees and return with the song Mokkeetiin praising their wives (mothers of the Kuusa children). Suck the sweet leaves from the gate. Mothers mix it with milk and serve it a full table. Fathers shave their children's loose hair with this milky water to make it quiet on the forehead. A pregnant cow then takes the prize with her goat and stays in the same place with her mates for two weeks. Their mothers go there to fetch milk. But we don’t meet the kids. When giving gala, calling by the name of one's tribe rather than the name of one's son. Two weeks later, they leave the pregnancy hall wearing traditional clothes and carrying a small bokkuu tied to them. They add the prize money to their parents' livestock. It is said that he then became pregnant. This festival is called the District Festival in Borana. These men stay together for eight years, slaughtering and eating cattle to give sanbi, hunting animals and enemies. Rabbi (Rabbi Dori) (Ages 32-40) The transition from the Kuusaa to the Raaba is not so ceremonial. The scholars who are elected at the Gada level in the repository are dead and weak and continue as they are without being replaced. These leaders of the Raba rank are known as Aduulaa Raba Their primary responsibility is to lead the army and in peacetime they learn various cultures, laws and History. For a week they go to the ardaa-jila with the elders who advise (teach) them. I forbid talking to anyone else at this time. When they finish their pregnancy, their friends welcome them with a song by rewarding them with branches of a dandelion tree. They stand on the dance floor in thanksgiving and sing together and the ceremony ends. In the rank of Rabbi, one is expected to marry and own property. A member of the Aduulaa Raabaa is required to marry and, if he loses property, to have five animals on four horses. If he does not fulfill this, he will remain a Rabbi for the rest of his life (meaning he cannot be circumcised). Such a person is called a Qolee or Cufattee. The locksmith is someone who has nothing to call and nothing to raise. I am not circumcised in prison but it is not a crime (it is said that a person who cannot be himself is not fit for the country). The level of the Raba Gada is called the Raba Doori after we have completed the idda for three years. They stay at the level of Raba and Raba Doori for a total of 13 years so that they can gain proper experience from the incumbent scholars and Abbootii Gada.

The Gadaa System  The Gadaa system is the Oromo system of governance. Gada is an age- and generation-based organization and a democratic system of governance. The Gada system is the system by which the political, economic and social life of the Oromo people is determined, by which the members of the nation know their rights and duties and agree to live together in unity. Many historians and social scientists have confirmed that the Gada system is democratic. The Level of the Gada The grouping or grouping of the sons in order according to the year of birth is called the stage of Gada. A Gada level has eight years. During these eight years, the Oromo person has a place and division of labor in society until he dies in old age. The stages of Gada through which the sons of Korma passed, although they have different characteristics in some places, are generally ours as follows. Swimming (0-8 years) Gammoma (9- 16 years) Adolescence (17- 24 years) Collection (25- 32 years) Distribution (33 - 40 years) Circumcision (41- 48 years) Yubooma (49- 56 years) Swimming (Ages 0-8) Swimming is the children's level, children aged 0-8 are called Swimmers. The hair of the head of a Dabballee level child is not shaved, it develops a guduru. Also, the Dabball gets a name when he climbs this stage, and is now called by his household name (e.g. Wolf, Crow, etc.). If their parents do not have dairy cattle, the tribe gives them milk. They learn about basic morals, such as distinguishing between good and evil, friends and enemies. In the evenings, myths, riddle games and grandparents’ stories are told. Ittimakoo (Little Game) (Ages 8-16) After the child's hair is shaved from the Dabballeer stage, relatives are invited and a big feast is held, and the gift of a goat (Gubbisa) is made, he moves on to the Ittimakoo Gadaa Stage (Little Gaammee). This is the word Included and named. It has been known by this name since this terrible day. After four years, children who enter the Ittimakoo Stage learn to shave their hair, choose Roggee, herd goats, swim, ride horses, sing songs and sing geerarsa. They should know the roots of science at least eleven times now. They learn herding, farming and fishing, sports competitions and the girls weave. They learn about politics (rights and obligations, law) and society. They celebrate children's festivals or children's days (taboree festivals), with their siblings and friends. On the day of the taboo, children eat biscuits, drink farsoo, and sing happily. When you shave the hair, you are given a goat individually. Naturally, at the age of 16, children produce areeda and guntuta, and their voices change. Accordingly, their roles and responsibilities will change. Foollee (Adult Game) (Ages 16-24) The Little Gaammee move out under the Ukkee or Unkee to the Foolle stage. After the Ukee ida hut is built in which the boy's mother prepares all the necessities (e.g., cutting the kichuu coconut on his feet, breaking nine loaves of bread and sprinkling it with milk) and blesses him in the presence of his friends. In the same song, the boy breaks the tent and goes out through the borough. Then the kids run to beat him up asking why he came out of our hut. He gets out of hand by arguing or swearing, and is said to have broken the ukee. It means he came out of childhood. He gets out of the children's bedroom and starts sleeping under the house. The ukee festival takes place during the summer. The ukkee man sings Giifatoo at the spring mask and takes the cattle. He immediately continues to sing Foollee. The youths in the Foollee Gada level are trained in adamoo hunting (preventing animals from eating livestock) as well as military and sports lessons. learn, travel the country singing, and meet the nation’s police. When the button is slaughtered, the fool has the cormorant dropped. The side of the buffalo calf is taken by the face as it is. The butter meat face is like a lionaattii eats breakfast in each other’s arms.

Then they will be Circumcised.In 40 years, a person matures in everything (gains enough experience and knowledge), so he can rule the country and take responsibility. Circumcision (Priest) (Ages 40-48) The level of political and religious leadership. This stage is a crucial stage in the Gada system of governance. Those who are likely to hold power will be those who have demonstrated various skills at the Kuusaa, Raabaa and Raabaa Doorii levels and have won many contests. Yuba 1st now 4th These guys are in their 48s and 80s. The jobs of those who have resigned are at various levels. Their responsibilities, especially the 1st yub, act as an advisor, interpreter and judge. The 4th Yub (in Borana) shares in the legislation with the Raba Doori (their own children) at the level. They also help their children win competitions and be selected. In addition, the clan yub provides a great service to the country in terms of reconciliation and development. It is the yuba at various levels who control the preservation of laws, customs and morals. In Tulama, the Yubs secretly elect members of the Gada with the Ayyaantuu (Qaalluu) and present them to the nation. The Tula call these elders Guula. Gadamoji (Ages 80-88) A person who enters the Gadamojji level must be eighty years of age and have legally hulued all ten previous gada levels. The Gadamojji children are in power and ruling the country. It means those who can see their own Gada in power three times in their lifetime, in other words: The year they were born, when they were in the Daballee stage (ages 0-8) or when their ancestors ruled the country Forty years later, when they themselves became Abbots (took power) Eighty years later, when their children took power and ruled the country, the party they were in, for example, when Melbourne came around for the third time. There is a ritual at the transition, this ritual is called the Qumbii reciprocal ritual, it is a transitional ritual. All nations, regardless of size, can attend the ceremony. The stories of these heroes are told, the countrymen who do hard things are praised as heroes, they are honored, and they are praised. Then they are not responsible while they are alive, the nation will take care of them while they are alive. The Dryer of the Gate The Gada has five gogeessa (groups) and the five are called the Oromo Gada. These groups take power every eight years. These five Gadas are known by different names in different places (see table). Every Oromo child, from the day of birth, is harvested in one of the five gogeessa of Gada. He is included first of all by the member of the five Gadas who is in power at the time of his birth, which means in his father's gogeessa. The Campaign for Freedom Under the Gateway In particular, from 1270 (the year of the rise of Yukuno Amlaak) until the end of the 15th century, the Oromo were under the influence and oppression of Christian and Islamic forces. Many heroes and intellectuals were sacrificed in resisting this oppression, and as a result, half of the Oromo people left their homes and country and migrated to the south and east. There the pressure continued. After this, the Oromo struggled to resist this oppression for about a hundred years, especially during the reign of Gadawwoo Galgaloo in 1470. He believed that it was necessary to build himself up in a manner suitable for fighting for his country through war . . . . The first Gada was newly formed and was named by the scholars as "the Gada who invented a new method or the Gada who invented a method" and armed himself with the weapon. The name of this Gada is historically known as the Melba Gada (from the Gada who invented the method). The Melba Dynasty (1522-1530) The Melba Gada is not the first Gada for the Oromo; there is evidence that the Oromo were ruled by the Gada system for more than a thousand years before that. The Melba Gada, however, divided the people into eight age groups and gave different duties to those over 8 years of age and under 80 years of age.