Leena Sudanses local and Arab board Derma Exam Questions Telegram

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The growing hair follicle ends up nestled in the subcutaneous fat by anagen VI. Hair cycle distribution for terminal scalp hair: Anagen: 85%–90% Telogen: 10%–15% Catagen: <1% Bolongia reference Telogen hairs (also known as club hairs) have short, club-shaped roots that anchor them in the follicle. They lack a root sheath, unlike anagen hairs. The proximal part of the hair shaft is depigmented. Dermnetnz website

Explanation

Anagen hairs have both inner root and outer root sheath but telogen hairs donot

Answer

2747 □Sudan Board Dermatology part 1 2026 ❇️Sudan Board Dermatology part 1 2020 □Leena Sudanses local and Arab board Derma Exam Questions Telegram ✅ Anagen hairs differs from telogen hairs in that: A. Anagen hairs are not rooted deep in the dermis B. Anagen hairs have both inner root and outer root sheath but telogen hairs donot C. Anagen hairs normally comprises of approximately sixty percent of all scalp hairs D. Telogen hairs normally comprise of 30% of all scalp hairs

Rubor is one of the classic cardinal signs of acute inflammation (first described by Celsus: rubor, calor, tumor, dolor). ​How it works: Immediately after a tissue injury, local mast cells and basophils release chemical mediators like histamine and nitric oxide. These mediators cause the smooth muscle of local arterioles to relax, resulting in vasodilation. ​The outcome: Vasodilation dramatically increases local blood flow (hyperemia) to the injured area. This rush of oxygen-rich, red blood to the surface vessels is what directly causes the clinical redness (rubor) and warmth (calor). Internet

Explanation

Vasodilation

Answer

2746 □Sudan Board Dermatology part 1 2026 □Leena Sudanses local and Arab board Derma Exam Questions Telegram ✅ Rubor in acute inflammation is caused by : A- Vasodilation B- Increase hydrostatic pressure C- Decrease of oncotic pressure D- None of the above

■ Onchocerciasis is transmitted by the bite of an infected black fly (Simulium spp.). Because these flies often assume a “hump-backed” stance, they are sometimes referred to as “buffalo gnats”. Black flies feed by “rasping” (abrading) the surface of the skin until a pool of blood forms, which they lap up. Microfilariae previously residing in the dermis are present in this blood, and they penetrate the gut wall of the insect and migrate to its thoracic muscles, where they develop into larvae. The larvae then migrate to the proboscis, from which they will be transmitted to another human host during a blood meal. Wolbachia bacterial endosymbionts are required for normal development of O. volvulus larvae and embryos, are thought to support the survival of adult worms, and drive immune responses that contribute to disease pathogenesis. Bolongia reference ■ The first recognition of endemic PF (Pemphigus Foliaceous) was in Brazil and is called fogo selvagem, which means “wild fire” in Portuguese. It is a disease that is clinically, histologically, and immunopathologically the same as sporadic PF in any individual patient, but its epidemiology is unique. Fogo selvagem is endemic in the rural areas of Brazil, especially along inland riverbeds. the PF autoantigen, which becomes an IgG4 response of higher titer against a more pathogenic epitope in disease. Fogo selvagem occurs often in children and young adults, unlike sporadic PF, which is a disease of mostly middle-aged and older patients. Also unlike PF, fogo selvagem occurs not infrequently in genetically related family members, although it is not contagious. There is no known racial or ethnic predominance, and anyone moving into an endemic area may be susceptible to disease. Furthermore, the urban development of rural endemic areas of Brazil decreased the incidenceof disease The current theory is that fogo selvagem may initiate with an IgE response against the sand fly salivary antigen LJM11, which cross-reacts with desmoglein 1 and then generalizes to an IgG4 response. Fitzpatrik reference

Explanation

Onchocerciasis