Agriculture" Official UPCATET /AAO/ AFO /Jet/Supervisor

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UPCATE agroforestry

Agroforestry.pdf

• Karnataka is the largest producer of coffee in the country. • China is the largest producing and consuming country of tobacco in the world whereas, India has third position in production of tobacco. • Phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA) is a chemical used in agriculture crops in order to: Reduce transpiration • Jowar is known as: Camel crop Kings of coarse grains • India is the second country after China to have commercialized the hybrid rice technology. • HD 2329 variety of wheat contributed maximum production during green revolution in India. • Plant rectangularity is: Plant to plant distance/row to row distance. • In water erosion 3 m deep and more than 18 m wide gully is known as: Small gully (G2) • 3-9 m deep and width of 18 m or more with side slope 8-15 % is known as: Medium gully (G3) Edible part of cauliflower is: Curd Blanching is an important process of: Cauliflower Whiptail of cauliflower is due to: MO Deficiency Pusa ruby is a variety of: Tomato Swaran roopa is the early variety of: Litchi Pajaro is the variety of: Strawberry Bolerois the variety of: Marigold Richest source of vitamin C is: Barbados cherry Largest importer of cut flower in the world: Germany The dwarf variety of mango: Amrapali California Papershell is the variety of Almond Fruit of rose is known as: Hips Fruit of okra is a: Capsule Coconut fat is a rich source of: Lauric acid Coconut is propagated by: Seeds Mango is mostly propagated through: Veneer grafting Inflorescence of cauliflower is known as: Cyme Inflorescence of cabbage is known as: Cat ken Black heart of potato is due to: 02 deficiency Pusa snowball is a variety of: Cauliflower India's share in the fruit production in the World is: 10% Development of fruits without fertilization is called: Parthenocarpy Development of embryo without fertilization is known as: Apomixis Oleoresin is an important product of: Chilli seeds or spices Kesar (saffron) belong to the family of: Iridiceae Concentration of sugar is used for preservation is : 60-70 % Mango variety suitable for high density planting is: Amrapali Most salt tolerant fruit crop is: Date Palm Fruit repining hormone is: Ethylene A form of low pruning upto 2 m height of stem is called as Pollarding Early variety of ber is: Gola, Seb Planting season for deciduous plants is Jan-Feb The varicy of date- palm is used for dry dates (Chhuhara) Halawi Generally fruits are in: Acidic nature Baradari is an important feature of: Mughal garden The fruit of pine apple is known as: Sorosis Which crop is propogated by means of bulbils (clove): Garlic Edible banana fruit is seedless because of: Ambryo abortion Multistoried cropping is popular in: Coconut plantation Which is the late ripening cultivar of ber: Umran The exclusion of micro-organism is known as: Asepsis Production of vegetables out of their normal season (off season) is known as: Vegetable forcing 'Alphanso" variety of mango is grown in: Maharastra The chemical preservative used for colorless fruits is: KMS Shade loving annual flower plant is: Salvia The commonly cultivated variety of table pea in India is: Bonneville Crescent is well known for: Flower arrangement Saffron is obtained from: Style and Stigma Grapes are generally dried in: Sun Sago(Sabudana) is prepared from: Roots of Cassava/Topiaca Feni (drink) is prepared by: Cashew apple & Coconut Cider is prepared by: Apple & pear Tea is commonly propagated by: Soft wood cutting Origin place of Date palm is: Iraq Spacing recommended for Pusa Nanha variety of papaya is: 1.25 x 1.25 m Maximum litchi producing state is: Bihar Onion variety which is suitable for export & having yellow colour: Phule suwarna The hard fruits of citrus are due to the: Boron deficiency Bael is the richest source of: Vit-B2 (riboflavin)

influorescence of crop - Inflorescence Crop • Arrow - Sugarcane • Auxiliary - Cotton • Auxiliary raceme - pulses- black gram Chickpea, Green gram, Pea, Pigeon pea, Moth been, Lentil Soybean. • Raceme - Groundnut, Mustard, Castor,Sunhemp, tobacco • Cymose - Sesame, Lentil, Jute, Potato • Capitulum - Sunflower, Niger • Head - Sorghum Safflower • Panicle - Rice , Porso Millet • Spike- Wheat,barley • Ear - Pearl millets Terms related to specific crop - ⚪Sugarcane - Tying,Propping, Wrapping ⚪Sugarcane - Trashing / Detrashing ⚪Sugarcane - Arrowing ⚪Sugarcane - Rotooning ⚪Banana - Propping ⚪Tobacco - De-suckering ⚪Maize - De-tasseling ⚪Groundnut - Pegging ⚪Groundnut - Popping Groundnut,Potato,Sugarcane -Earthing up ⚪Cotton - Ginning ⚪Cotton -Delinting ⚪Cotton - Topping ⚪ Gram - Nipping Or topping ⚪Sunflower - Pinching or nipping ⚪Castor - Nipping ⚪Tobacco ,Tea - curing . ⚪Jute - Retting ⚪Jute - Stripping ⚪Jute - Ribboning ⚪Tomato - Stalking ⚪Rice - Parboiling ⚪Sunflower - Heliotropism ⚪Potato - Dehaulming ⚪Banana - Denavelling ⚪Banana - Choke/ Choking ⚪Sargam - Nicking ⚪Paddy- Rope pulling/ Flag leaf clipping ⚪Bajra - Jerking ⚪Tobacco - Flooping ⚪ Leguminous pastures - Lay farming ⚪Paddy - Beushening sensitive stage 🔻Rice - Panicle initiation 🔻Wheat - CRI 🔻Maize -Tasseling and silking 🔻Groundnut - Peg penetration and Pod development 🔻Sunflower - Head formation and Early grain filling 🔻Cotton - Square formation and Boll formation and development 🔻Tobacco -Topping 🔻Soybean - Flowering and pod filing 🔻Flower crops - Bud formation and development 🔻Ornamental - Flowering

FIRST IN AGRICULTURE ∗ Domestification of animal : (1) Dog (2) Sheep (3) Goat ∗ Cultivated crops in the world : (1) Wheat (2) Barley ∗ Hybrid pigeon pea : ICPH-8 (ICRISAT, Hyderabad) ∗ Hybrid sunflower : BSH-1 (Pro-Agro) ∗ Hybrid cotton : H-4 (Surat Farm, Gujarat) ∗ Semi dwarf variety of basmati rice : Pusa Basmati 1 (IARI) ∗ Aromatic Rice hybrid : Pusa RH 10 (IARI) ∗ Sorghum hybrid : CSH-1 and CSH-2 (IARI)-1964 ∗ Public sector hybrid of forage sorghum : Pusa Chari Hybrid 106 ∗ Mango hybrid for commercial : Mallika (Neelam × Dashehari) cultivation ∗ Public sector insect resistant multiple forage : PCH 106 ∗ Viral disease : Leaf curl of Tobacco ∗ Plant Parasitic Nematode : Anguina tritici (on wheat) ∗ Plant Parasitic Bacteria : Fire Blight of apple ∗ Sorghum high yielding variety : CSV-1 ∗ Rice variety introduced in India : IR-8 ∗ Developed dwarf variety of rice : TN 1 ∗ Rice high yielding variety of India : Jaya (TN1×T1N1) ∗ Hybrid variety of mustard : Pusa Jai Kisan (BIO 902) ∗ Hybrid variety of Bajra : HB-1 (1965) ∗ Hybrid developed by using local male parent : Hare Chhole no-1 ∗ Man made cereal : Triticale (Wheat × Rye) ∗ Rice resistant variety developed for yellow stem borer : IR-20 (TN-1 × TKM-6) ∗ Organophosphate compound : Parathion ∗ Napier × Bajra (NB) hybrid : Pusa Giant Hybrid ∗ Hormone : Secretin ∗ Maize hybrid : Ganga 101 (1961) High productive early duration rice hybrid released by DRR: DRRH 2 ∗ Country to adopt hybrid rice : China ∗ Hybrid rice released in India : APRH-1 and APHR-2 (1994) ∗ Egyptian variety of cotton : Sujata ∗ Super rice variety for saline/ alkaline conditions : Lunishree ∗ Country to introduce zero tillage : USA ∗ Sugarcane variety : Co-205 ∗ Scented basmati rice for normal and sodic soils : Yamini (CSR 30) Interspecific variety of coĴon (G. hirsutum × G.barbadense): Varalaxmi ∗ Tobacco hybrid : GTH 1 ∗ Safflower hybrid : DSH-129 ∗ Crop to have its genome decoded : Rice ∗ Plant to have its genome decoded : Arabidopsis thaliana ∗ Single cross maize hybrid : Paras ∗ Pathogen resistant gene : HM 1 ∗ Systemic fungicide : Carboxin ∗ Organic fungicide : Dithiocarbamate ∗ Fungicide : Bordeaux mixture (inorganic in nature) ∗ Person to record plant disease : Theophrastus Autopolyploid variety released for commercial cultivation in India : Pusa Giant (Berseem) ∗ Carbamate compound : Sevin/carboryl ∗ Laureate of the “world food” prize : Dr. M.S.Swaminathan ∗ Director General of ICAR : Dr. B.P.Pal ∗ President of ICAR : Mohammad Habibullah ∗ Indian scientist who collected and identified the fungus : K.R. Kirtikar ∗ Agriculture university : G.B. University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (1960) ∗ Plant pathologist of India : J.F. Dastur ∗ Plant parasitic bacteria was reported by : T.J. Burill ∗ Plant parasitic nematode was reported by : Needham ∗ Mycoplasma disease reported by : Do et al. and Ishit et al. ∗ Virus was first discovered by : Iwanosky ∗ Scientist to study fungi and their species : Micheli ∗ Transgenic plant : Tobacco (By Fraley, 1983) ∗ Biotechnological crop introduced in India : Bt. Cotton ∗ Hormone artificially produced by culturing bacteria : Insulin ∗ Commercially bio-insecticide : Sporeine ∗ Maize hybrid developed in India : Ganga-2 ∗ ‘00’ or canola type/variety of Gobhi sarson : PGSH-51 ∗ Short duration pigeon pea hybrid : PPH 4 ∗ Leaf curl resistant cotton hybrid : Fateh LHH-144 ∗ Sorghum × Sudan grass hybrid : Sudan Chari no 1 ∗ Fungicide used : Sulphur (powdery mildew of vine) ∗ Insecticide used : Paris green ∗ Herbicide used : 2, 4-D ∗ First Bt cotton variety : Bollgaurd (Cry1 Ac gene used) ∗ Fumigant used : Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) ∗ First hybrid in India : Pusa meghdoot (bottle gourd)

DISEASES IN FRUITS DUE TO DEFICIENCY OF SUBSTANCES:- 1.Dieback in Lemon:-Copper (Cu) 2.Little Leaf in Lemon:-Copper (Cu) 3.Yellow Spot Disorder in Lemon:-Molybdenum (Mb) 4.Internal Necrocin in Annola:-Boron (Bo) 5.Little Leaf in Mango & Brinjal:-Zinc (Zn) 6.Millerandge Disorder in Grapes:-Boron (Bo) 7.Water Core in Banana :-Due to Particles of Ice & Deposition of Sorbitol 8.Bronzing in Guava:-Zinc (Zn) 9.Scorching (Burning of Leaves) in Mango:-Potassium (K) & Excess of Chloride in Water 10.Internal Necrocin in Mangoes:-Boron (Bo) 11.Scorching in Litchi:-Potassium (K) 12.Black Tip in Mango:-SO2Gas from Kiln 13.Bunchy Disease in Peanut :-Zinc (Zn) 14.“Hen & Chicken” in Grapes:- Boron (Bo) SOME IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT FRUITS:- .West Bengal is the largest producer of Pineapple in India. .Nagpur[Maharashtra] is the largest producer of oranges in India. .Largest producer of Sapota is Maharashtra followed by Karnataka. .Mango is planted at 10x10m distance while Banana at 3x3m. Both are commercially broadcasted by the following methods respectively:- Beniar Grafting, Enarching, Circus. .Minimum requirement of fruits for human are 92gm. .The largest exporter nations of Banana in the world are:- Equador & Costa Rica respectively. .India is the largest Producer, Consumer, & Exporter of Cashew Nuts in the world. Maharashtra is the largest producer of Cashew Nuts in India followed by Kerala. .In fruits, maximum Vitamin C is present in Barbados Cherry. .In India, Annola (Awla) is produced maximum in Uttar Pradesh (Pratapgarh). Honeybees help in pollination of Annola. .In fruits, Litchi, Oranges, Lokat, Peach, & Apricot has their origin place in China; Bel,, Jackfruit & Falsa in India; Papaya, Avocado & Sapota in Mexico; Guava in Peru; Banana in South-Western Asia; Annola in Indo-China And Mango in Indo-Burma. .Bel is the main source of Vitamin B2(Riboflavin). .Karonda is the main source of Iron. Fruits with Highest Area Cover in India :- .Mango [37.8%] .Citrus [12.9%] .Banana [12.5%] .Apple .Guava Fruits with highest production in India:- .Banana [35.9%] .Mango [22.8%] .Citrus [10%] .Guava [4.12%] .Papaya [3.59%] AVAILABILITY OF NUTRIENTS IN FRUITS :- .VITAMINS:- 1.Vitamin A :-Mango> Papaya> Parsimon 2.Vitamin B1(Thymin) :-Cashew Nut> Walnut> Almond> Pineapple 3.Vitamin B2(Riboflavin) :-Bel> Papaya> Cashew Nut> Litchi 4.Vitamin C :-Barbados Cherry> Anwla> Guava> Lemon> Sweet Orange .CARBOHYDRATES:- Resin> Pineapple> Dates> Banana> Bel> Jamun .PROTIENS:- Cashew Nut(21.2%)> Almond(20.8%)> Walnut(15.6%) .FAT:- Walnut(64.5%)> Almond(58.9%)> Cashew Nut(46.9%)> Avocado(22.8%) .CARBONIC ACIDS:- 1.Citric Acid:-Berry> Citric Fruits> Guava> Pear 2.Malic Acid:-Apple> Banana> Cherry> Plum> Watermelon 3.Tartaric Acid:-Tamarind(Imli)> Grapes .MINERALS:- 1.Calcium:-Litchi> Karonda> Walnut 2.Iron:-Karonda> Dates> Walnut> Apple 3.Phosphorus:-Almonds> Cashew Nut> Walnut> Litchi CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS ACCORDING TO  ATMOSPHERE:- .Tropical Fruits:-Mango, Banana, Papaya, Pineapple, Custard, Jackfruit, Cashew Nut, Sapota, Nuts etc. .Sub-Tropical Fruits:-Grapes, Fig(Anzir), Oranges, Lemon, Guava, Avocado, Litchi, Ber, Dates, Phalsa, Pomegranate, Amla, Lokat .Temperate  Fruits:-Apple, Pear, Almonds, Cherry, Strawberry, Walnut, Chestnut, Hazelnut, Peeknut, Chilgoza, Khubani, Aadu, Aaloo-Bukhara .Evergreen Fruits:-Mango, Litchi, Lemon, Sapota, Lokat *.Autumn Fruits:-Apple, Pear, Aadu, Aalucha, Khubani

▪️India is the only country to have developes and grown hybrid cotton commercially. ▪️Karnataka is the largest producer of coffee in the country. ▪️China is the largest producing and consuming country of tobacco in the world whereas, India has third position in production of tobacco. ▪️Phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA) is a chemical used in agriculture crops in order to: Reduce transpiration ▪️Jowar is known as: Camel crop Kings of coarse grains ▪️ India is the second country after China to have commercialized the hybrid rice technology. ▪️HD 2329 variety of wheat contributed maximum production during green revolution in India. ▪️Plant rectangularity is: Plant to plant distance/row to row distance. ▪️In water erosion 3 m deep and more than 18 m wide gully is known as: Small gully (G2) ▪️ 3-9 m deep and width of 18 m or more with side slope 8-15 % is known as: Medium gully (G3) ▪️Edible part of cauliflower is: Curd ▪️Blanching is an important process of: Cauliflower ▪️Whiptail of cauliflower is due to: MO Deficiency ▪️Pusa ruby is a variety of: Tomato ▪️Swaran roopa is the early variety of: Litchi ▪️Pajaro is the variety of: Strawberry ▪️Bolerois the variety of: Marigold ▪️Richest source of vitamin C is: Barbados cherry ▪️Largest importer of cut flower in the world: Germany ▪️The dwarf variety of mango: Amrapali ▪️California Papershell is the variety of Almond ▪️Fruit of rose is known as: Hips ▪️Fruit of okra is a: Capsule ▪️Coconut fat is a rich source of: Lauric acid ▪️Coconut is propagated by: Seeds ▪️Mango is mostly propagated through: Veneer grafting ▪️Inflorescence of cauliflower is known as: Cyme ▪️Inflorescence of cabbage is known as: Cat ken ▪️Black heart of potato is due to: 02 deficiency ▪️Pusa snowball is a variety of: Cauliflower ▪️India's share in the fruit production in the World is: 10% ▪️Development of fruits without fertilization is called: Parthenocarpy ▪️Development of embryo without fertilization is known as: Apomixis ▪️Oleoresin is an important product of: Chilli seeds or spices ▪️Best Telegram channel for agriculture knowledge - Agrimantra. ▪️Kesar (saffron) belong to the family of: Iridiceae ▪️Concentration of sugar is used for preservation is : 60-70 % ▪️Mango variety suitable for high density planting is: Amrapali ▪️Most salt tolerant fruit crop is: Date Palm ▪️Fruit repining hormone is: Ethylene ▪️A form of low pruning upto 2 m height of stem is called as Pollarding ▪️Early variety of ber is: Gola, Seb Agrimantra Planting season for deciduous plants is Jan-Feb ▪️The varicy of date- palm is used for dry dates (Chhuhara) Halawi ▪️Generally fruits are in: Acidic nature ▪️Baradari is an important feature of: Mughal garden ▪️The fruit of pine apple is known as: Sorosis ▪️Which crop is propogated by means of bulbils (clove): Garlic ▪️Edible banana fruit is seedless because of: Ambryo abortion ▪️Multistoried cropping is popular in: Coconut plantation ▪️Which is the late ripening cultivar of ber: Umran ▪️The exclusion of micro-organism is known as: Asepsis

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