Food_Feeds (Food Technology & Allied science)

Algae: Algae are relatively simple organisms. The most primitive types are unicellular. Others are aggregations of similar cells with little or no differentiation in structure or function. Still other algae, such as the large brown kelp, have a complex structure with cell types, specialiged for particular functions. Regardless of size or complexity, algal cells contains chlorophyll and are capable of photosynthesis. Algae are found most commonly in aquatic environments or in damp soil.

Groups of microorganisms The major groups of protists are briefly described below. Although viruses are not protists or unicellular organisms, they are included for two reasons: a) The techniques used to study viruses are microbiological in nature and b) Viruses are causative agents of diseases, hence, diagnostic procedures for their identification are employed in the clinical microbiological laboratory as well as the plant pathology laboratory.

MICRO MINERALS The minerals present in less than 0.05 mg in the human body are called as micro minerals. These are required in small quantities less than a few mg a day example Iron Sulphur Zinc Copper Iodine

MACRO MINERALS The minerals present in more than 0.05 per cent in the human body are defined as macro minerals. These are required in large amounts. Examples are- calcium phosphorus sodium chlorine potassium

Answer d Coffee powder is porous, hygroscopic and low in density. These are the desired properties for a spray dryer.

Answer - b BB’ shows the conversion of the feed directly from a solid (ice) phase to vapour phase. The pressure is kept constant and the temperature is increased.

Answer - a Pneumatic conveyor dryer is also called a ring dryer because the feed is made to pass through a loop at one point and comes back there. (Not always-depends on drying)

Answer C In a pneumatic dryer, feed in the form of pastes/slurries/sticky items cannot be taken.

Answer - a Vibro-fluidized bed dryer can reduce the air flow rate consumptions as air is only used for drying and not for fluidizing. Mechanical vibratory motion is used for fluidization. Screw conveyors are often called desolventizers because the main purpose is to remove the solvent from the pastes and not to recover it.

Answer - b After incipient fluidization, the pressure briefly decreases. This is because at incipient fluidization, the particles only become loose. They aren’t in contact with each other. They don’t start rising up. Hence, the pressure briefly decreases. Once they start moving up, the pressure increases.

Answer C Both rotary dryer and fluidized bed dryer require non-sticky granular feed.

Answer d Vacuum dryer has indirect heating as hot air is generally not blown through it. Vacuum dryer is good for making powders.

Answer - b Browning of heat sensitive food items may take place due excess exposure to hot air. Tray dryer has a high residence time. Hence, it is the most possible guess out of the four.

Statement 1: Cabinet tray dyers can be used for heat sensitive materials. Statement 2: Bin dryer is used for materials which follow the falling rate drying curve. Answer - d) False & True Cabinet tray dyers cannot be used for heat sensitive materials as materials are exposed to the drying medium for several hours. Bin dryer is used for materials which follow the falling rate drying curve as the materials in the bin follow a gradient of moisture content from bottom to top of the bin. Advantage of turbo dryer over cabinet tray dryer is _____ Answer - b) Advantage of turbo dryer over cabinet tray dryer is that the feed is uniformly heated at the edges.

X-axis is temperature and Y-axis is pressure. Which of the following curves is followed for freeze drying of prawns? a) AA’ b) BB’ c) ABO d) A’OB’

Coffee powders can be made from which of the following dryers? a) Pneumatic conveyor dryer b) Drum dryer c) Freeze dryer d) Spray dryer

Which of the following is also called a ring dryer? a) Pneumatic conveyor dryer b) Drum dryer c) Freeze dryer d) Spray dryer

Which of the following dryers cannot take a feed in the form of pastes/slurries/sticky items? a) Drum dryer b) Screw conveyor dryer c) Pneumatic dryer d) Spray dryer

Statement 1: Vibro-fluidized bed dryer can reduce the air flow rate consumptions as air is only used for drying and not for fluidizing. Statement 2: _____ are often called desolventizers. a) True, screw conveyor b) True, pneumatic conveyor c) False, screw conveyor d) False, pneumatic conveyor

After incipient fluidization, the pressure briefly _____ a) Increases b) Decreases c) Stays constant d) Varies exponentially