Group⟨D⟩~[4th Year]^(39)

Each psychotic disorder has unique characteristics that differentiate it from schizophrenia. Here’s a breakdown of the essential differences: ### 1. Schizophreniform Disorder - Similarities to Schizophrenia: Shares almost all the same symptoms as schizophrenia (e.g., delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and negative symptoms). - Key Difference: Duration is shorter. Symptoms last more than 1 month but less than 6 months. Schizophreniform disorder can sometimes progress to schizophrenia if symptoms persist beyond six months. ### 2. Brief Psychotic Disorder - Similarities to Schizophrenia: Involves sudden psychotic symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or behavior. - Key Difference: Duration is much shorter. Symptoms last from 1 day to less than 1 month and then fully resolve. The onset is often sudden and may be related to a stressor or trauma. It’s not a chronic condition like schizophrenia. ### 3. Schizoaffective Disorder - Similarities to Schizophrenia: Includes the core psychotic symptoms (e.g., delusions, hallucinations). - Key Difference: Also involves significant mood episodes (either depression or mania) that occur alongside psychotic symptoms. For schizoaffective disorder, psychotic symptoms must occur both with and without mood episodes, differentiating it from mood disorders with psychotic features, where psychosis occurs only during mood episodes. ### 4. Delusional Disorder - Similarities to Schizophrenia: Both involve delusions, but delusional disorder typically doesn’t include other psychotic symptoms like hallucinations or disorganized thinking. - Key Difference: Delusions are the primary symptom in delusional disorder, and they’re usually non-bizarre (e.g., belief that one is being followed). In contrast, schizophrenia typically includes a broader array of symptoms, and delusions may be more bizarre or complex. ### 5. Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder - Similarities to Schizophrenia: May present with hallucinations, delusions, and other psychotic symptoms. - Key Difference: The psychosis is triggered by substance use (e.g., drugs, alcohol) or withdrawal. Once the substance clears from the body, the psychotic symptoms usually resolve. Schizophrenia, by contrast, is not directly caused by substance use. ### 6. Psychotic Disorder Due to a Medical Condition - Similarities to Schizophrenia: Can involve similar psychotic symptoms like hallucinations or delusions. - Key Difference: Psychotic symptoms are directly due to an underlying medical condition (e.g., brain injury, neurological disorders). Treatment typically focuses on addressing the medical condition, rather than chronic psychiatric care as with schizophrenia. ### 7. Mood Disorder with Psychotic Features (Bipolar or Major Depressive Disorder with Psychotic Features) - Similarities to Schizophrenia: Both can involve psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions. - Key Difference: In mood disorders with psychotic features, psychotic symptoms occur only during mood episodes (depression or mania). In contrast, schizophrenia includes psychosis that persists outside of mood episodes, often without any major mood disturbance. These distinctions help in diagnosing and treating each disorder effectively, as treatment approaches differ based on the root cause and duration of symptoms.

❗️ أسئلة د.أيمن شويل في الMood Disorders ( للدفعة 38 مع الحل وحذف التكرار ) - انواع unipolar وBipolar ؟   - Unipolar mood disorders: (major Depressive disorder, Dysthymic disorder)   - Bipolar mood disorders: (bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder)   - Mood disorders having a known etiology. وأيش الcyclothymia؟ :- cyclothymia Disorder :  is a recurrent , chronic , mild form of bipolar disorder in which mood typically oscillates between hypomania & dysthymia وأنواع ال mood disorder of etiological type ؟ :- Mood disorder having a known : ( substance - induecd Mood disorder & Mood disorder cauesd by general Medical condition ) - Differnt between cyclothymic& disthymic? :- • Cyclothymic disorder involves mood swings between hypomania and mild depression • dysthymic disorder is characterized by a consistently low mood (  Major depression ) without the hypomanic episodes. - وكمان سأل وقال لو واحد عنده hypothyroidism ايش ممكن يحصل له بعدين ؟ :- يحصل معاه depression - Diagnostic criteria and etiology of MDD? :- [ A SAD FACES ] 1. Appetite : ⬆️ or ⬇️ 2. Sleep : insomina or hypersomina 3. Anhedonia : loss intrest & pleasure in most activity 4. Dysphoria : depresd mood most of the day  5. Fatigue : low energy 6. Agitation : psychomotor Agitation or retardation 7. Concentration : ⬇️ or ⬆️ 8. Esteem : feelings of worthlessness or inappropiate 9. Suicidality : 🔄 of death , suicdal ideation .. - Types of mood disorders? :- وتعريف كل نوع وال duration ؟ 1- Unipolar mood disorders (major Depressive disorder ) : 5 carteria or more & Sadness & loss intrest for 2 week ( A SAD FACES ) 2- Dysthymic disorder : mild chronic form of Major Depression minimum of 2 years 2 - Bipolar mood disorders : - Bipolar I : at least 1 episode of mania - Bipolar II : at least one major depressive episode lasting at least two weeks and at least one hypomanic episode lasting 3- cyclothymic disorder :  after A single episode of hypomania is suffcinet to diagninose cyclothymic disorder , most indviduals also have dysthymic periods - وسألني كمان أيش bipolar 2 وعن علاجها : - bipolar 2 :At least ONE hypomania and episodes of Major depressive Treatment : Anti-Psychotics & mood stableilizer Such as Olanazpine And Sodium Valproate - Types of tricyclic drugs? :- 1. Amitriptyline 2. Nortriptyline 3. Imipramine 4. Clomipramine - What antidepression familial, اذكر علاجات كل عائله ? : - 1. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Such as fluoxetine and sertraline. 2. Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Such as venlafaxine and duloxetine. 3. Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Such as amitriptyline and nortriptyline. 4. Atypical Antidepressants: Such as bupropion and mirtazapine. 5. MAOIs :Such as Phenelzine , Tranylcypromine , Isocarboxazid , Selegiline - Side effect of MAOI ? : - Dietary Restrictions ( Drug Food Interaction ) Food Containing Tyramine , Orthostatic Hypotension , Increase The Appetite , Weight Gain , Sleep Disturbances , Sexual Dysfunction , Constipation , Dry Mouth , Nausea , Headaches Serious side effects can include hypertensive crisis , serotonin syndrome (especially if combined with other serotonergic medications), and liver toxicity. ❗️ حالات ؛ - سألني على الحاله وكانت mania وكيف عرفت انه mania وبعدين تشخيص الحاله bipolar I وسألني ايش علاجها وتقريبا بس - سألني على الحالة حقي وقال أقرأ ال chief complain وأجيب فقط أيش ال Diagnosis والعلاجأنه مريض مكتئب ولما جابوه للمستشفى كان عدائي ويضرب زوجته فكانت حالة mania يعني Bipolar l وأيش علاجه وأنواع ال psychotherapy #SubGroup_D4

❗️ أسئلة د.أيمن شويل في الAnexity Disorder ( للدفعة 38 مع الحل وحذف التكرار ) - definition of phobia :- phobia : Fear related to a particular certian object , situation , stimuli - Types phobia : - 1- Agoraphobia 2- Social phobia 3- Specific phobia Treatment of phobia? : - Exposure Therapy ( desensitization ) is Treatment of choice - تعريف social phobia ؟ :- Patients have an intense fear of being scrutinized in Social or public situations - definition of agrophobia ? Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of situations or places where escape might be difficult or embarrassing - Duration of GAD? :- Generalzied Anxiety Disorder Duration ; Exceeive worry & Anxiety for most days over a 6 month وسأل عن الspecific phobia بالتحديد ال،injection سألني عن  ال panic attack ؟ Panic attack : sudden , peek with in minutes at least 5 - 30 min - duration  ? :- least 5 - 30 min وال symptoms اللي تحصل؟ : - Palpitastion Chest pain Shortness ot breath Sweeting Fear dying Chilis .. etc ( ذكرنا المهمات ) السوال الثاني ماالفرق بين اضطراب الوسواس القهري OCD و الشخصية الموسوسة OCPD ؟ : - 1. Nature of the Conditions:    - OCD: A disorder characterized by unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that individuals feel driven to perform in response to their obsessions. The focus is often on reducing anxiety or preventing a feared event.    - OCPD: A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of orderliness, perfectionism, and control over one's environment and interpersonal relationships. Individuals with OCPD may have an excessive need for control and may prioritize their work and productivity over flexibility and relationships. 2. Awareness and Insight:    - OCD: Individuals typically recognize that their obsessions and compulsions are irrational or excessive, but they feel powerless to stop them.    - OCPD: Individuals generally believe that their way of thinking and behaving is the correct way. They may not see their rigidity and perfectionism as problematic and often feel justified in their behavior. 3. Impact on Functioning:    - OCD: The compulsions and obsessions can significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life, as they often consume a lot of time and lead to distress.    - OCPD: While it can also interfere with relationships and flexibility, individuals with OCPD may not experience the same level of distress regarding their behaviors. Instead, they may see their traits as beneficial. 4. Treatment Approaches:    - OCD: Often treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), particularly exposure and response prevention (ERP), and medications such as SSRIs.    - OCPD: Treatment may include psychotherapy focused on increasing awareness and flexibility, though individuals may be less likely to seek treatment unless their traits lead to significant distress or conflict in relationships. #SubGroup_D4

❗️ أسئلة د.أيمن شويل في الPsychosis disorders ( للدفعة 38 محلوله مع حذف التكرار ) - تعريف ال Psychotic Disorder؟ :- Psychosis : is a gross impairment in reality testing. - Schizophrenia definition? :- • Schizophrenia is a disorder in which patients have psychotic symptoms and social or occupational dysfunction that persists for at least 6 months. - Types of Schizophrenia? ( Psychotic Disorder ) :-   - Schizophrenia.   - Schizophreniform disorder.   - Schizoaffective disorder.   - Brief psychotic disorder.   - Delusional disorder. * أو شيء سال ايش شفتوا من حالات أثناء الدراسة ايش استفدتم من الكورس قلنا psychotic disorders قال عددوهن وبعدين سال عنschizophreniform و breif psychotic schizophreniform : من شهر إلى 6 أشهر breif psychotic : من يوم إلى شهر - Positive and Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia? :-   - Positive symptoms:     1. Delusions.     2. Hallucinations.     3. Disorganized speech.     4. Disorganized or catatonic behavior.   - Negative symptoms:     1. Affective flattening.     2. Alogia.     3. Anhedonia.     4. Apathy.     5. Asociality.     6.Anergia - سال عن معنى ال alogia ؟ : - alogia = speech poverty = mutism ❗️ تنبيه: قال د.أيمن شويل : catatonic behavior ما عاده من الـــ positive symptoms  وتم إفراده كعرض لحاله - تعريف delusion؟ :- - It is a false belief. - Based on incorrect inferences about reality. - It is not consistent with the patient‟s cultural background. -و أنواعه؟ : - 1- Grandiose Delusions 2- Somatic Delusions 3- Jealous Delusions 4- Persecutory Delusions 5- Nihilistic Delusions 6- Mixed Delusions 7- Erotomanic Delusions 8- Delusions of reference 9- Delusions of control & influence 10- Delusions concerning the possession of thoughts - Types of antipsychotic?:- 1.Typical Antipsychotics (First-Generation):    - These were the first antipsychotic medications developed and are primarily dopamine antagonists. They are effective in treating positive symptoms of schizophrenia but may have a higher risk of extrapyramidal side effects (movement disorders).    - Examples include:      - Haloperidol (Haldol)      - Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)      - Fluphenazine (Prolixin)      - Thioridazine (Mellaril) 2.Atypical Antipsychotics (Second-Generation):    - These are newer medications that tend to have a broader mechanism of action, affecting both dopamine and serotonin receptors. They are generally preferred for their lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects and effectiveness in treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.    - Examples include:      - Risperidone (Risperdal)      - Olanzapine (Zyprexa)      - Quetiapine (Seroquel)      - Aripiprazole (Abilify)      - Lurasidone (Latuda) - Definition of akathesia? ; - Feelings muscle discomfort ( restlesness ) without feeling anxious - متى تحصل tardive dyskinesia ؟ من استخدام الTypical Anti-Psychotic Lead to EPSSE lead to tardive dyskinesia - وأيش أعراضها؟ :- characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements, often affecting the face, tongue, lips, - Rapid blinking - Grimacing - Lip smacking or puckering ..etc - وكيف نعالجها؟ :- Anti-cholinergic .. ex: Benotropine - Side effects of Aripiprazole? :- 1- akathesia 2- GIT irritation - Symptoms of extrapyrimidal side effects? : - 1- Parkinsonism 2- Akathisia 3- Dystonia 4- Tardive Dyskinesia -ايش اول علاج اكتشفوه؟ : - Chlopromazine (50s) - ايش الفحص الذي نعمله قبل استخدام علاج quetipine؟ :- فحوصات السكر #SubGroup_D4

✨ إضافات وتعدلات :

_ Sertraline :

للأمراض الوجدانية كامل هكذا سماهن د. سيف جرعته 100mg تبدأ نص حبه وبعدين تزيد لحبه عدا الوسواس (OCD) وإخوانه 200mg If bad response after 3 months give Fluoxetine or Escitalipram If Resistance occurs after 1.5 month refer to special pshchiatrist to give clonzapine & to manage the agranulosytosis وال olanzapine نفس الكلام باستبداله بال Airpiprazol ثم ال Clonzapine 👍

_ Airpiprazol:

الوحيد اللي اقدر اضيفه بجانب علاج antipschosis آخر لانه يمنع ال Hyperprolacteneima كونه Partial Dopamine agonist

-Procyclidine

5mg (Anticholinergic) or Akosol also can be given

_Akthisia :

تدي لها Indral 40mg 1×2 (B_blocker) 👍

_Neuro malignant syndrome = parkinsism

تعمل Salivation & rigidity تعالج ب Benzotropine / promocriptin

_ الفصام يشخص بإحدى العلامات التالية :

+ive symptoms ( hallucinations [auditary], delusion, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, catatonia ) -ive symptoms ( social withdrawal, stop eye contact, stop shower & cleaning himself) يبطل الحاجات الطبيعية اللي يسوها الناس ويجلس هكذا لأكثر من سنة.

_ Special Features:

Bulimia Nervosa (النهم العصبي) ----> نوبات ال binge (يطرش نفسه) ويأكل سريع وقد يكون سمين (مره في الأسبوع ل ٣ أشهر) Anorexia Nervosa (القهم العصبي) ----> يشوف نفسه سمين مع إنه نحيف Binge disorder (الشراهه) ----> نفس النهم بس بدون ما يطرش نفسه. _آخر حاجة اذا جاء لك واحد حاول ينتحر سوي له كل التحاليل علشان تشوف كل العلاجات اللي اخذها لانه غالبا يحاول ينتحر بعدة طرق مش بس الشنق او قطع اليد وفي نفس الوقت ما يتكلم وبينما انت جالس تخيط له الجرح ما تدري الا وقد توفى بسبب التسمم (مهم يكون عندك معرفة في علم السموم) 👍

🔻اضافات تعديل على الملف👇👇

تجميعات متميزة في النفسية 🧠

💢 تعديل :- 🔻"جروبC فقط" اللي بيختبروا في مستشفى الثورة الساعة9 🔻أما "الجروبينAوB" .. معاهم دوام في مؤسسة الإرشاد في حدة الساعة 8:15

⏰ القرعة تمت أمام الجميع في جروب المناقشة .. وعليه : الطلاب الذي بيختبروا بكرة هم كالتالي : جروبC (كاملاً) + جروبA (من رقم 14←27) 🔻بالنسبة لوقت الإختبار : قال الدكتور بيتواصل مع الدكتورة أماني ويتأكد منها على وقت الإختبار ..

💢 توزيع جروبات إختبار النفسية :- 🔻 الأربعاء 11/13 مع د. أماني الشرعبي في مستشفى الثورة ←جروبC + نصف جروبA 🔻 الخميس 11/14 مع د. أيمن شويل في مستشفى ←جروبB + النصف الآخر من جروبA ⭕️ طبعاً تم تقسيم الجروب حسب تصادف اليوم مع أحد الدكاترة المعنيين بالإختبار .. وهم د. أيمن و د. إيمان 💥أي أنه جروبA لا يوجد في جدولهم الأربعاء أو الخميس احد الدكاترة الذي بيختبرونا ، وبالتالي طلب مننا الدكتور أيمن أن نقسم جروبA .. وستكون القسمة قرعة _في جروب المناقشة_ حسب ترتيب الكشف(أي: من 1←13 ، ومن 14←27) ⏰ بالنسبة للطلاب اللذي بيختبروا بكرة عند الدكتورة أماني: الذي حقه الlog book جاهز يشله معه.. والذي ما قد جهزه، يجيبه الخميس إلى عند الدكتور أيمن شويل في مستشفى الرشاد