قناة ثالثة بشري (دفعه 52)

هيا هي 🥲😂

حد ناقصه دعم ناقصه حاجه ؟؟🥲😂😂

كورس ال lipid كله راهو ما يخذش منك ساعه ونص لو حاب تسمعه كله من هنا من شيتات الجامعه . فمتخافش ومتسيبش الشيت هذا ومحد يخاف كلكم توكلو على الله . المهم يكمل شيت ال lipid وشيت ال carb والهرمون راجعوه الصبح كلا بايوانرجتك فوتوه بكل .

اي حد بيراجع الكارب يراجعه من شيتي هذا باهي . تنسوش الشورت نوت قاعدات فوق .

خلاص هكي كملنا ♥️.

🛑🛑 Eicosanoids 1. Definition of Eicosanoids Eicosanoids are biologically active lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (20 carbon fatty acid). The name comes from the Greek word “eikosi” meaning twenty. 2. Types of Eicosanoids Eicosanoids are classified into two major groups: 1. Prostanoids • Prostaglandins (PGs) • Prostacyclins (PGIs) • Thromboxanes (TXs) 2. Leukotrienes (LTs) 3. Prostaglandins (PGs) General Features • Originally isolated from prostate tissue but present in almost all tissues • Among the most potent biologically active substances • Not stored in tissues • Synthesized on demand from membrane phospholipids Precursor • Arachidonic acid, released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A₂ 4. Classification of Prostaglandins Prostaglandins are classified into groups: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I They are further subclassified by a subscript number: • 1, 2, or 3, representing the number of double bonds in side chains Examples • PGE₁, PGE₂ • PGF₁α, PGF₂α • PGG₂, PGH₂ • PGI₂ (prostacyclin) 5. Synthesis of Prostaglandins • Catalyzed by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme • Two isoforms: • COX-1 (constitutive) • Produces PGs involved in gastric, renal, and platelet functions • COX-2 (inducible) • Mediates inflammatory responses Half-Life • Very short half-life (~30 seconds) 6. Functions of Prostaglandins Prostaglandins act in a hormone-like manner and affect many tissues: 1. Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation • PGF₂α promotes uterine contraction • Used clinically to induce labor or terminate pregnancy 2. Bronchial smooth muscle • PGE₂ causes bronchodilation 3. Inflammation • Cause pain, edema, swelling, and erythema 4. Platelet aggregation • PGE₂ promotes platelet aggregation → blood clotting 5. Blood pressure regulation • PGE₂ lowers blood pressure via vasodilation 6. Body temperature • Elevates temperature → fever 7. Gastric secretion • PGE₂ suppresses gastric acid secretion 8. Renal function • Involved in Na⁺ and water retention in renal tubules 7. Thromboxanes • Thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) is the main prostaglandin produced by platelets • Major actions: • Vasoconstriction • Platelet aggregation • TXA₂ and prostacyclin (PGI₂) have opposing effects 8. Leukotrienes (LTs) General Features • Initially described in leukocytes • Abbreviated as LT • Classified into five groups: A–E • Human leukotrienes contain four double bonds (subscript 4) 9. Functions of Leukotrienes Leukotrienes play major roles in inflammation and allergy: 1. Chemotaxis • Attract immune cells to inflammatory sites 2. Inflammation and allergic reactions 3. Respiratory effects • LTC₄ and LTD₄ cause bronchoconstriction • Overproduction leads to asthma attacks 4. Immune cell recruitment • LTB₄ attracts neutrophils and eosinophils

نلخصوه وخلاص ؟

مره جابو شورت نوت من الشيت يلي انا مسيبه 😂😂😂😂😂.

شيت كامل في 6 دقائق بس والله حرام تسيبوه 😁.