SQL | Data Analytics

SQL query execution order. The SQL execution you need to understand in order to optimize your SQL code.

4 popular SQL interview questions: 🔻What is a primary key? — A primary key is a field in a table that uniquely identifies each row or record in that table. 🔻What is a foreign key? — A foreign key is a field in one table that refers to the primary key in another table, creating a relationship between the tables. 🔻What are joins? Explain different types of joins. — A join is an SQL operation used to combine records from two or more tables. Common types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN. 🔻What is normalization? — Normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy and improve data integrity by dividing a database into multiple related tables.

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3 ways to filter data using window functions in the BigQuery (with examples) When working with SQL, it’s common to come across situations where you need to filter data based on aggregate functions, such as counting occurrences or calculating sums. Let’s dive into three distinct techniques to filter data using window functions: QUALIFY, CTE (Common Table Expressions), and Subqueries. 1. Filtering with the QUALIFY Clause The QUALIFY clause is an advanced SQL feature that allows you to filter results directly on window functions, streamlining the query. 2. Filtering with a Common Table Expression (CTE) A more flexible and widely supported option is using a Common Table Expression (CTE). CTEs allow us to build the window function logic first and then apply a filter in a subsequent query. 3. Filtering with a Subquery The subquery approach is another commonly used method to filter window function results. It’s similar to the CTE approach but does not use the WITH clause... full text Subscribe

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🔻Difference Between “HAVING” and “WHERE” in SQL Use “WHERE” when you need to filter rows based on specific conditions before any aggregation and grouping.

SELECT FROM WHERE GROUP BY

Use “HAVING” when you need to filter aggregated data or groups of rows after they have been grouped.

SELECT FROM GROUP BY HAVING

During query execution, WHERE takes effect before GROUP BY, and HAVING takes effect after it. Given this sequence, you can configure queries in the most optimal way. 🚩Save for future job interviews. Have a good day!

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