Nephrology ✨

Factors that suggest a potential complicated UTI:  The presence of an indwelling catheter, stent or splint (urethral, ureteral, renal) or the use of intermittent bladder catheterization  A post-void residual urine of > 100 mL  An obstructive uropathy of any aetiology, e.g. bladder outlet obstruction (including neurogenic urinary bladder), stones and tumour  Vesicoureteric reflux or other functional abnormalities  Urinary tract modifications, such as an ileal loop or pouch  Renal insufficiency and transplantation, diabetes mellitus and immunodeficiency.

في سؤال جه كتير قبل كده فموضوع uti هو مش تحديدات بس احطياطي احفظلك شوية منه

Superficial inguinal pouch (most common site for ectopic testis)

ودا كمان chordee (ventral curvature of the penile shaf

التعريفات دي تكون حافظها كويس جدا

Epispadias /Dorsal location of the external meatus of the urethral.

Hypospadias Abnormal site of external meatus of the urethra (ventral).

Phimosis • Narrowing of the prepuce

Meatal stenosis Pinhole meatus can lead to bilateral hydronephrosis

Posterior urethral valve./Exaggerated folds of the posterior urethra

Renal dysplasia/abnormal metanephric differentiation.

Bilateral Renal Agenesis/May be caused by failure of formation of either ureteric bud or nephrogenic blastoma

Internal spermatic fascia from transversalis fascia. . Cremasteric fascia and muscle from transversus abdominis & internal oblique. . External spermatic fascia from external oblique aponeurosis

حلوا السؤال دا بعد ما تبصوا على الورق

ملخص للمهم فى اخر صفحتين فى ال stone و حتة ال ureter احفظوا العمليات بالترتيب ( بنبدل بين اول اتنين بس )

مقارنة بين ال ESWL & PCNL

سكيم تمشي عليها فى علاج ال stone

من استغفر للمؤمنين والمؤمنات كتب الله له بكل مؤمن ومؤمنة حسنة فاللهم اغفر للمسلمين والمسلمات والمؤمنين والمؤمنات الأحياء منهم والأموات.♥️