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İllәr | Countries

#tt_newbie I'm from... Sin qaydan? – Where are you from? Sin qayda tudıñ? – Where were you born? Sin qayda yəşiseñ? – Where do you live? Min ...dan/dən. – I’m from… Min ...da/də tudım. – I was born in… Tuğan ilem / cirem ... – My home country / homeland is… Min ...da/də yəşim. – I live in… Min ...dan/dən ....ğa/gə küçendem. – I moved from … to … 🇦🇿 Azərbaycan - Azerbaijan 🇩🇪 Almaniyə - Germany 🇺🇸 Amerika Quşma Ştatları (AQŞ) – United States of America (USA) 🇦🇺 Awstraliyə - Australia 🇩🇿 Əlcəzair – Algeria 🇦🇲 Ərmənstan – Armenia 🇦🇫 Əfğənstan – Afghanistan 💙🤍💚 Başqortstan – Bashkortostan 🇧🇭 Bəhrəyn – Bahrain 🇦🇪 Berləşkən Ğərəp Əmirlekləre – United Arab Emirates 🇬🇧 Böyekbritaniyə (Berləşkən patşalıq) – Great Britain (United Kingdom) 🇵🇸 Fəlestin – Palestine 🇬🇪 Görcistan – Georgia 🇮🇶 Ğıyraq – Iraq 🇮🇳 Hindstan – India 🇿🇦 Könyaq Afrika Cömhüriyəte – Republic of South Africa 🇰🇷 Könyaq Koreya – South Korea 🇸🇸 Könyaq Sudan – South Sudan 🇰🇼 Küwəyt – Kuwait 🇵🇱 Ləxstan – Poland 🇱🇧 Lübnən – Lebanon 🇭🇺 Macarstan – Hungary 🇪🇬 Misır – Egypt 🇲🇪 Montenegro – Montenegro 🇳🇱 Niderlandlar - Netherlands 🇵🇰 Paqstan – Pakistan 🇰🇿 Qazaqstan – Kazakhstan 🇨🇾 Qıbrıs – Cyprus 🇰🇬 Qırğıstan – Kyrgyzstan 🇨🇳 Qıtay – China 🇷🇺 Rusiyə, Rəsəy – Russia 🇸🇦 Soğud Ğərəpstanı – Saudi Arabia 🇸🇧 Söləyman Utrawları – Solomon Islands 🇸🇾 Süriyə – Syria 💚🤍❤️ Tatarstan - Tatarstan 🇹🇯 Tacikstan – Tajikistan 🇰🇵 Tönyaq Koreya – North Korea 🇹🇲 Törekmənstan – Turkmenistan 🇹🇷 Törkiyə – Türkiye 🇺🇦 Ukrayina - Ukraine 🇨🇫 Üzək Afrika Cömhüriyəte – Central African Republic 🇺🇿 Üzbəkstan – Uzbekistan 🇯🇴 Ürdün – Jordan 🇵🇸 Fəlestin – Palestine 🇪🇹 Xəbəşstan – Ethiopia 🇾🇪 Yəmən – Yemen 🇳🇿 Yaña Zelandiyə – New Zealand 🇬🇷 Yunanstan – Greece These countries have names that differ from English or have a special spelling. Most other countries' names are quite close to English. Let me know in the comments: sez qaydan? (where are you from?) Qayda yəşisez? (Where do you live?) If you’re from Tatarstan, feel free to mention the district (in Tatar, of course 😉)

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#tt_newbie #tt_beginner #tt_intermediate #tt_advanced Spelling rules – based partially on Neo-alif by @bababashqort and partially on the Zamanalif. In our first post we introduced post, we introduced you to the Tatar alphabet. The Latin-based alphabet represents all the sounds that the Cyrillic-based one doesn’t. You can listen to each sound in that previous post and then come back to get acquainted with the rules for the correct spelling. 1️⃣ The Cyrillic "ц" is transliterated as “ts”: цунами → tsunami "Сц" is transliterated just as “s” in the Latin spelling, “це” and “це” as “se” and “si” respectively in loanwords: сценарий → senariy цент → sent цивилизация → sivilizasiya 2️⃣ Letters “я, е, ю” at the beginning of a syllable are transliterated as "ya, yı, yu" if the syllable has a back vowel (ел → yıl), and as "yə, ye, yü" if the syllable has a front vowel (егерме → yegerme). 3️⃣ “W” is written instead of the Cyrillic “в” and “y” as a semivowel at the end of the words: авыл → awıl тау → taw сөйләү → söyləw сайлау → saylaw ✔️ In Tatar, a vowel can not be followed by another vowel, except in the newest loanwords with the original spelling. 4️⃣ When the letter “u” or “ü” is followed by a vowel, a “w” is put between the vowels: алуы → aluwı уу → uwu китүе → kitüwe көлүе → kölüwe ✔️ Exception: the imperative verb “у” (to scrub) is written as “uw”, not “u” 5️⃣ Syllables "ка, га, ко, го, кый, гый, кы, гы, ку, гу" are spelled as "qa, ğa, qo, ğo, qıy, ğıy, qı, ğı, qu, ğu" if there are back vowels in the word: бака → baqa кояш → qoyaş бакый → baqıy гына → ğına агу → ağu 6️⃣ If the word has front vowels (in the Arabic and Persian loanwords), these syllables are spelled "qə, ğə, qö, ğö, qi, ği, qe, ğe, qü, ğü": гомер → ğömer кагыйдә → qəğidə кыйммәт → qimmət шөгыль → şöğel куәт → qüwət 7️⃣ If at the end of a word with front vowels there is a "къ" or "гъ", "къ" transliterates as "q" and "гъ" as "ğ". нәкъ → nəq 8️⃣ "Ь" is not transliterated in any way. 9️⃣ The apostrophe ( ' ) indicates the glottal stop in certain loanwords, such as “Qör'ən”, “tə'sir” or “ma'may” ✔️ If no available fonts support the letter “Əə”, it can be replaced by “Ää” ✔️ The dot is used to indicate ordinal numbers: 20. bittə – on page 20 8. bülektə – in section 8 ✔️ The following type of quotation marks is used: “ ”.

October 15 is a notable date in Tatar history – Xәter köne (Memorial Day of the Defenders of Kazan). On this day, the Kazan Khanate was captured by Ivan the Terrible in 1552. The confrontation between the Moscow kingdom and the Kazan Khanate in the 16th century was a feudal war for territories until the fall of Kazan. After the capture of Tatar capital and the accession of the liquidated khanate lands to the possessions of Moscow Tsar, relations for many centuries passed into the format of colonial dependence, enslavement, the use of Tatar lands and Tatar people as a resource for the growth of a cruel, strong and aggressive Russian state with its capital in Moscow. After the capture of Kazan, the entire territory of the Middle Volga region was captured by the Moscow kingdom. In addition to Tatars, the power of Moscow Tsar was extended to many peoples who had previously been subject to the former Kazan Khanate: Chuvash, Udmurts, Mari, Bashkirs. For the first time, Moscow annexed a large neighboring state beyond the borders of the former principalities of Russia, to which it now refers itself in its historiography. Soon after, Astrakhan Khanate (1556) and Siberian Khanate (1582) were conquered and annexed. Kazan Khanate became a victim of the imperial ambitions of Ivan the Terrible, his occupation policy towards the conquered peoples, aimed at their destruction. The planned Russification and Christianization of Tatars began. In parallel, there was an operation to erase the memory of the people: about their heroes, outstanding personalities, exploits, successes and achievements. This operation is still ongoing. The aspiration of Tatars to declare independence in the 90s of the last century was treated in Moscow as Tatar separatism, although the demands of Tatars were based, among other things, on the fact of the siege and liquidation of the Kazan Khanate. Tatars of the Republic of Tatarstan repeatedly went out on October 15 to rallies under the slogans “The goal is independence!” and “Freedom!” At the rallies, they talked about the problems of their people: the closure of Tatar schools, the translation of education into Russian, the curtailment of Tatar television and radio broadcasting, the liquidation of Tatar newspapers and magazines, and the oppression of cultural and religious identity. 🔗 https://idel-ural.org/en/archives/then-this-all-started/

#tt_culture Do you believe in superstitions? Qayum Nasıyri, a Tatar ethnographer who wrote a book "Qazan tatarlarnıñ ışanular həm ğoref-ğədətlər" on the beliefs of Tatars, traveled to different Tatar villages and spoke to local people. After a lot of interviewing and an extensive research, he gathered that by means of signs and superstitions, a Tatar used to try to find out mainly the following: 🌦 predicting the weather, whether it will rain or snow, and the prospects for grain and vegetable harvest. 🫖 anticipating the arrival of guests and when they might receive gifts. 🧿 identifying potential zarar (harm or misfortune) Here are the superstitions that Qayum Nasıyri collected over the years: 🌦 · If a Tatar's right ear itches, they interpret it as a sign of warm weather, while an itch in the left ear suggests cold weather. · When a cat scratches itself, it is seen as an omen of an approaching blizzard. · If a woman lays the first foundation of a house under construction, Tatars believe the house will be warm in winter. · When the Volga is covered with heaps of ice in winter, it is seen as a sign of a good harvest in summer. 🫖 · While a piercing cry from a raven is taken as an indication of worsening weather, the chirping of a magpie signifies an incoming guest, and Tatars pay attention to the direction the magpie is facing to determine where the guest will arrive from. · If a cat is grooming itself, it is believed that a guest is on their way. · When a Tatar's lip itches, they are sure that they will receive a gift. · The rolling up of a hem while getting dressed or clothing getting caught in a door can signal forthcoming treatment or joy. · If, by mistake, a Tatar puts his clothes inside out, he will see in this a sign that he will have some kind of joy. · An itchy palm is interpreted as a sign of receiving money. · When someone sneezes, it is believed to confirm the truth of what was just said. 🧿 · If a Tatar throws a pointed stake into a fire without removing the point, they are cautioned about getting a boil (furuncle). · Children are warned not to spit in the fire to avoid getting boils in their mouths. · If there is a jackdaw bird near the house, then, according to Tatars, "zarar bulır" - there will be trouble. Do you know more Tatar superstitions that maybe you were told about by your grandparents? Let me know in the comments!

#tt_advanced Eş ezləw kiñəşləre 🔍 Bügenge dinamik həm köndəşlekle eş bazarında eş ezləw awır bulırğa mömkin həm strategik qaraş taləp itə. Karyera maqsatlarığıznı, omtılışlarığıznı bilgeləgez. Qızıqsınularığızğa turı kilgən ölkələrne yəki rollərne qarağız. Yaxşı bilgeləngən maqsat sezgə eş ezlərgə həm iğtibarığıznı tuplarğa yərdəm itəçək. Ostalığığıznı həm təcribəgezne kürsətüçe rezüme həm xat yazığız. Törle cirlәrgә ğariza tapşırğanda bu dokumentlarnı hәr ayırım eş öçen yañartığız. köndəşlekle - competitive taləp itü – to demand omtılış - aspiration ğariza tapşıru – to apply 🔗 Sotsial çeltərlər – eş ezləw protsessında köçle qoral həm küp eş mömkinleklərenə işeklər aça ala. Professional oyışmalarğa yazılığız, LinkedIn kebek platformalardağı professionallar belən elemtəgə keregez. Potentsial eş birüçelərne tikşeregez, alarnıñ şirkət kulturasın həm qimmətləren öyrәnegez. Interview’lər ütkərep qarap, çın interview’ğa əzerləregez. Sezneñ qazanışlarığıznı, ostalığığıznı həm şirkətneñ üseşenә nindi öleş kertә aluwığıznı añlatırğa əzer bulığız. Eş ezləw awır bulırğa mömkin. Sabır bulığız, pozitiv bulığız. Qabul itmәsәlәr dә, ul sabaq bulaçaq, hər təcribəneñ faydası bar. elemtəgə kerü - to get in contact qimmət - value qazanış - achievement sabaq - lesson 👨🏻‍🏫 Ostazlardan yəki karyera belgeçlərennən kiñəş ezləgez. Alar qimmətle məğlümat birə həm eş ezləw strategiyəsen añlarğa bulışa ala. Ölkə tendentsiyələren küzətep torığız. Daimi uqu həm professional üseş sezneñ uñışnı tağın da arttıra ala. öleş kertü - to contribute küzətü - to observe, keep track of daimi - constant

#tt_intermediate Let’s say your friend wants to know more about your work. Can you tell him or her, what exactly you do at your job? 👩🏻‍✈️ citəklim / idarə itəm – I lead / manage bülekne citəklim – I manage the department bülek başlığı – head of a department proyektlar citəklim – I manage projects büdjetnı alıp baram – I manage the budget törkem əğzasına birem birəm – I assign tasks to team members törkemne əzerlim – I train the team proyektlar tözim – I create projects 🗣️ kliyentlar belən söyləşəm – I talk to customers oçraşularğa yörim – I attend meetings kliyentlarlğa yərdəm kürsətəm – I provide customer support 📈 məğlümatnı analizlıym – I analize data köndəşlərne tikşerəm – I research competitors texnologiyələrne qullanam – I use technologies Here is some useful work-related vocabulary that you should know: 🔎 eş ölkəse – field of work eş ezləw – job-hunting rezüme – CV künekmələr – skills eş təcribəse – work experience interview – interview yallaw – hire 💸 xezmət xaqı – salary tüləw – to pay alasım kilə – I want to get aqça eşləw – to earn money wazifanı kütərü – promotion 😥 deadline'nı ütəw – to meet a deadline eş küləme – workload artıq səğət eşləw – to work overtime artıq küp eşləgən – overworked tiyeşençə tülənmi – underpaid 🙅🏻‍♀️ dekretqa çığu – maternity/paternity leave awırıp eştən qalu – sick leave yal – vacation eştən kittem – I left my job, resigned eştən çığardılar – I was fired Share in the comments what you do at work 👇🏼

Time to catch up with our latest text and check your knowledge 👇🏼

#tt_beginner Locative The locative is formed by means of the suffix -da, -də, -ta, -tə; 🔶 The suffix -da/-də is joined to stems ending in a vowel or a voiced consonant: bakçada - in the garden/park qulda - in the hand uramda - in (on) the street 🔸 The suffix -ta/-tə is joined to stems ending in a voiceless consonant: ağaçta – on the tree waqıtta - in/at (the) time 🔸 Words (including proper names) with final b, g, d borrowed from or via Russian or other languages take -ta: klubta - at the club Madridta - in Madrid 🔸 If the stem has a possessive suffix in the third person singular or plural, -n- precedes the locative suffix: unaltınçı ğasırnıñ başında - at the beginning of the 16th century 🔶 The locative indicates: · Place or time of the action: ul awılda yəşi - he lives in a village küktə salawat küpere - there is a rainbow in the sky · The indirect object of verbs governing this case: bəygedə qatnaşabız - we participate in a contest · Motion (with some adverbs of place): kil monda - come here, anda barma! - do not go there! 🔶 Dialog for dative and locative: A: Ğafu itegez, muzeyğa niçek barırğa ikənen əytə alasızmı? B: Әlbəttə! Parkka xətle barıp citkənçe turı barığız. A: Annarı? B: Parkta sulğa borılığız, zur binağa xətle barığız. Muzey anıñ qarşısında. A: Bik yaxşı, rəxmət! Süz uñayınnan, anda bilet öçen 300 sum citərme, beləsezme? B: Әye! Min uzğan atnada anda buldım, 200 sumğa kerə alasız. Әgər də sez student bulsağız, ul 50 sumğa arzanraq. A: Yərdəmegez öçen rəxmət yawsın. B: İsən bulığız! Şəhərdə waqıtığız küñelle ütsen! _____________________ A: Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the museum? B: Of course! Walk straight until you get to the park. A: And then? B: Turn left at the park, and go until the big building. The museum is right across from it. A: Great, thank you! By the way, do you know if 300 rubles would be enough for a ticket there? B: Yes, sure! I was there last week, you can enter for 200 rubles. It’s 50 rubles cheaper if you're a student. A: Thanks a lot for your help. B: No problem! Enjoy your time in the city!