ملاحظات ( مرحلة رابعة)
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Non-union of the lateral condyle >> cubitus Valgus
Mal-union of the supracondylar >> cubitus varus
Keep in mind
-During the injury >>The anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve)
-During the surgery >> Ulnar nerve
+1
Diabetic Mellitus treatment (insulin & other anti diabetes)
&adverse effects
Systemic hypertension treatment , adverse effects ,contraindications,other uses
Absolute & relative contraindication of thrombolytic therapy in MI
هذني يجب الانتباه عند حل كيس treament of MI
Repost from Medicine made easy
#Surgical Most Commons.
#surgery.
🔪🔪🔪🔪🔪
What is the most common of.....
1. Type of melanoma?
Superficial spreading
🔑
2. Type of breast cancer?
Infiltrating ductal
🔑
3. Site of breast cancer?
Upper outer quadrant
🔑
4. Vessel involved with a bleeding duodenal ulcer?
Gastroduodenal artery
🔑
5. Cause of common bile duct obstruction?
Choledocholithiasis
🔑
6. Cause of small bowel obstruction (SBO) in adults in the United States?
Postoperative peritoneal adhesions
🔑
7. Cause of SBO in children?
Hernias
🔑
8. Cause of emergency abdominal surgery in the United
States?
Acute appendicitis
🔑
9. Electrolyte deficiency causing ileus?
Hypokalemia
🔑
10. Cause of blood transfusion resulting in death?
Clerical error (wrong blood types)
🔑
11. Site of distant metastasis of sarcoma?
Lungs (hematogenous spread)
🔑
12. Position of anal fissure?
Posterior
🔑
13. Acute pancreatitis?
Gallstones
🔑
14. Chronic pancreatitis?
Alcohol
🔑
15. Cause of large bowel obstruction?
Colon cancer
🔑
16. Cause of fever <48 postoperative hours?
Atelectasis
🔑
17. Bacterial cause of urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Escherichia coli.
🔑
18. Abdominal organ injured in blunt abdominal
trauma?
Liver (not the spleen, as noted in recent studie )
🔑
19. Benign tumor of the liver?
Hemangioma.
🔑
20. Malignancy of the liver?
Metastasis(surgical cause)
If medical most common is hepatocelular cancer.
🔑
21. Pneumonia in the ICU?
Gram-negative bacteria
🔑
22. Cause of epidural hematoma?
Middle meningeal artery injury
🔑
23. Cause of lower GI bleeding?
Upper GI bleeding
🔑
24. Cancer in females?
Breast cancer
🔑
25. Cancer in males?
Prostate cancer
🔑
26. Type of cancer causing DEATH in males and
females?
LUNG cancer.
🔑
27. Cause of free peritoneal air?
Perforated peptic ulcer disease
🔑
28. Cause of death ages 1 to 44?
TRAUMA
🔑
29. What are the 4 types of melanoma?
There are four main types of skin melanoma:
Superficial spreading melanoma.
Nodular melanoma.
Lentigo maligna melanoma.
Acral lentiginous melanoma.
🔑
30. What is the most aggressive form of melanoma?
Nodular melanoma
🔑
31. Which type of melanoma has the best prognosis?
Superficial spreading or lentigo maligna.
🔑
32. Infections after surgery are caused by germs. The most common of these include the bacteria Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas.
🔑
33. most common surgical procedure is Appendectomy
🔑
34. common surgical cause of jaundice =Is gall stones
🔑
35. most common cause of surgical bleeding =Von Willebrand disease and primary or secondary platelet dysfunction.
🔑
36. most frequent causes of orthopedic post-operative hyponatremia are= hypovolemia and SIADH.
🔑
37. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common cause of blood in the urine.
🔑
38. most common cause of delayed wound healing in a surgical patient =Infection
🔑
39. most common reason for readmission after surgery
=surgical wound infections
🔑
40. most common surgical cause of cystectomy
=Is bladder cancer
🔎🔎🔎🔍🔍🔎🔎🔎
#Most common causes.
#وزاري
https://t.me/+4wmEWq2nkTM1YmZi
Q/ Mention imaging study of choice in each of the following :
- renal trauma /CT
- vesicle ((urinary bladder)) tumor detection / CT and MRI
- renal cyst /usually Renal ultrasound ➡️ CT of kidneys more clearly
- posterior urethral valve / US will show bilateral hydro-ureteronephrosis & thick walled balder. The valve is not seen in retrograde urethrography but only in micturating cystourethrography where marked dilatation of the posterior urethra is seen terminating abruptly in by the valve.
Best Choice of Fluid replacement 💧
☁️Hypovolmic ➜ ringer lactate
☁️Liver disease ➜ Glucose water
☁️HTN ➜ Glucose water
☁️DM ➜ Normal saline
☁️HTN+DM ➜ Ringer or glucose water
☁️Hyperkalemic ➜ glucase water
☁️Hypokalemic ➜ Normal saline
☁️Fluid loss above the Pyloris ➜ Normal saline
☁️Fluid loss below the Pyloris ➜ ringer
💢Only Dextrose 50% = given in Central Vein because it's irritant
❇️Cardio check list:
▪︎After Asucilataion you should comment (Present) the case as the Follow (Example):
1. Normal/muffled S1
2. Normal/muffled S2
3. No S3 , S4 (Added Sounds)
4. No ejection clicks or opening snaps
5. No friction rubs
6. Murmur (if present):👇
a. Type (Eg. Ejection Systolic/Mid Diastolic....)
b. At which area? (Aortic, pulmonary, mitral or tricuspid areas)
c. Radiation to axilla/carotid
d. Grading
e. Extra Maneuvers (lean patient forward, lean patient to left side, exhale & hold)
7. DX or DDX
