Mr haider

Mnemonic for DM Eye Disease (Specific): “Diabetic EYES CAN See No Good” • E: Edema (macular) • C: Cataracts (snowflake) • S: Sparing pupil CN III palsy • N: Neovascular glaucoma • G: Growth of vessels (PDR)

Approach to DLOC الموضوع كلش common بس للاسف جنت اشوف هواي من المقيمين ما يعرفون يتعاملون ويا بالطوارئ ويعتبرون الكل stroke لكن الموضوع اوسع ويشمل systemic and neurological causes

Approach to DLOC الموضوع كلش common بس للاسف جنت اشوف هواي من المقيمين ما يعرفون يتعاملون ويا بالطوارئ ويعتبرون الكل stroke لكن الموضوع اوسع ويشمل systemic and neurological causes

بواحد من كولات الطوارئ جاي استلم الكيسات من التيم الي قبلي وسلموني مريضة Old age female known case of HF , DM , Ischemic HD present with DLOC ف سالتهم شنو وضعها كالو ننتظر يجي بيرمننت النيورو يجي يشوفها لان هاي ستروك دورت ع تحاليلها ما جانو دازيها اي شي ينتظرون المقيم يجي يدزها ct ف دزيتها basal metabolic panel الي متوفرة عدنا BUN , electrolytes , RBS وللاسف طلعت المريضة hypoglycemia , RBS 14mg للاسف لان هو reversible cause بس اذا استمر فترة طويلة يبدي يسوي permanent neurological damage

CAN OPEN Mnemonic for wernicke’s encephalopathy Confusion Ataxia Nystagmus Ophthalmoplegia PEripheral Neuropathy

Hypersensitive pneumonitis subtypes and their causative agents

If patient with nephrotic syndrome develop hyponatremia It mostly pseudohyponatremia due to hyperlidemia So next step is check the osmolarity to see it true or pseudo hyponatremia

Sepsis , severe HF , renal artery thrombosis and other causes of pre renal cause of AKI If they persist for long duration it will cause Renal tubular necrosis

Causes of oedema not respond to diuretic - decreased GIT absorption ( due oedema in git wall ) - hypoalbumenima - decrease renal blood flow - urea competitive on functional site of the diuretic - decreased renal function (end stage renal failure)

How does NSAID cause nephrotoxicity ? - cause pre renal failure by vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles - cause glomerulonephritis( minimal change and membranous type ) - cause acute interstitial nephritis

HIV related infections 🔴HIV patient with diarrhoea -Cryptosporidium - Mycobacterium avium - CMV -Giardia 🔴 HIV patient with dysphagia - candidiasis - hiv itself - CMV - HSV 🔴 HIV with pneumonia - Pneumocystis jirovecii 🔴 HIV patient with meningitis -Cryptococcus

Important Points about HUS and TTP -Children account for 90% of the cases of HUS, while adults are more frequently affected with TTP -Kidney disease and fever predominates in HUS, while in TTP neurological symptoms are more common. -The prognosis is worse in TTP compared with HUS. -Treatment is supportive with plasma exchange until the activity of the disease has subsided. Steroids are also beneficial.

Ddx of patient with fever of unknown origin and bilateral adrenal swelling is - Tb - lymphoma - histoplasmosis

In acute pancreatitis Hematocrits usually hight Why ? - it’s due decrease intravascular volume And after initiate aggressive iv fluid management it will return to normal value But if it still hight after appropriate iv fluid It considered poor prognostic factor

Failure to use adrenaline in first 20 minutes of anaphylaxis Is risk factor for poor outcome لذلك لا تخافون من استخدام الادرينالين بالتحسس حتى لو كانت اعراض بسيطة 0.3-0-5 ml of adrenaline (1/1000) IM And can repeat every 5-20 minutes

Some important note about COPD What reduce mortality and improve survival ? -Long term oxygen therapy - smoke cessation - surgery What improve exercise? - pulmonary rehabilitation What decrease the rate of exacerbation? - ICS , LABA - azithromycin 500mg 3/w - Roflumilast What decrease the mortality during the exacerbation ? -non invasive ventilation

Cough is very common complain and have a lot of Ddx But DDX of cough and normal CXR is most likely one of the following - GERD - postnasal drip - cough variant asthma - drugs induce cough ( like ACE inhibitors)

Cough is very common complain and have a lot of Ddx But DDX of cough and normal CXR is most likely on of the following - GERD - postnasal drip - cough variant asthma - drugs induce cough ( like ACE inhibitors)

هواي مرضى يكون عدهم عجز قلب وعجز كلى بنفس الوقت طبعا المرضين واحد ممكن يؤدي الى الثاني وتسمى Cardiorenal syndrome And divided to Type 1 - hf cause AKI Type 2 - HF cause CKD Type 3 - AKI cause acute HF Type 4 - CKD cause HF Type 5 - systemic disease cause both Renal failure and heart failure

Hemolytic anemia الموضوع جبير وبي هواي ddx طبعا لازم تقرا التفاصيل وكل نوع بس هذا يختصرلك اهم المعلومات