Micro 48

What are the conventional methods of diagnosing tuberculosis ? 1. Microscopy: It is inexpensive, easy to perform, capable of detecting M.TB in less than 1 hour It is low sensitivity is a major problem Direct smear by ziehl neelsen stain Rapid detection by auromine _ rhodamine stain 2. Culture: lowenstein Jensen ( LJ) media .. slow and may take 2 to 8 weeks 3. Mantoux ( tuberculin ) test

Significance of envelope: Enveloped viruses are more unstable ( more sensitive to heat , alcohol, ...etc ) Enveloped viruses transmitted by direct contact ex . Sexual contact Non enveloped viruses transmitted by faeco oral route

PSEUDOVIRION: Contain host cell DNA instead of viral DNA within capsid . Can infect cell but do not replicate VIROIDS: Consists of single molecule of circular RNA without protein coat or envelope . RNA is small and doesn't code for any protein. Cause plant disease and not implicated in human diseases. PRIONS: infectious particles composed of protein and no detectable Nucleic acid. Cause slow diseases like CJD in human and scrapie in sheep واحد منهن حسب توقعي حيكون في الامتحان والله أعلم

Virus replication steps 1. Attachment ( adsorption ) 2. Penetration ( uptake) 3. Uncoating 4. Replication ( expression) 5. Assembly 6. Release

Basis of virus classification 1. Morphology 2. Genome properties 3. Protein properties 4. Antigenic properties 5. Biologic properties

General properties of virus 1. small size 2. Genome: either DNA or RNA 3. Metabolically inert : can replicate only inside living cells

Baltimore classification Class 1 dsDNA Class 2 ssDNA Class 3 dsRNA Class 4 (+) ssRNA Class 5 (_) ssRNA Class 6 (+) ssRNA_ RT Class 7 ds DNA _ RT

الامتحان اجلوه

الشيت هذا مهم ك mcq بس ممكن يقولك عددلي antibiotics يستخدمن في mycolic acid inhibition

في سؤال في شورت نوت مهم بكل في كورس نيوترشن نتاع Classification bacteria according Oxygen requirment? obligate aerobic facilitate anaerobic Micro-aerobic obligate anaerobic aerotolerance